Arrian of Nicomedia was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander, and philosopher of the Roman period.

Arthur Anthony Macdonell, FBA was a noted Sanskrit scholar.

Arthur Benjamin Reeve was an American mystery writer. He is known best for creating the series character Professor Craig Kennedy, sometimes called "The American Sherlock Holmes", and Kennedy's Dr. Watson-like sidekick Walter Jameson, a newspaper reporter, for 18 detective novels. Reeve is famous mostly for the 82 Craig Kennedy stories, published in Cosmopolitan magazine between 1910 and 1918. These were collected in book form; with the third collection, the short stories were published grouped together as episodic novels. The 12-volume publication Craig Kennedy Stories was released during 1918; it reissued Reeve's books-to-date as a matched set.

Arthur Bartlett Maurice (1873–1946) was an American editor, born in Rahway, New Jersey, and educated at Richmond College (VA), and at Princeton. He served as an editor of the Woodbridge (NJ) Register in 1895, as city editor of the Elizabeth (NJ) Daily Herald in 1896, and as special writer for the New York Commercial Advertiser in 1897–98. At The Bookman, he was joint editor from 1899 to 1909 and editor thereafter. He contributed to the New International Encyclopædia and wrote New York in Fiction (1901) and History of the Nineteenth Century in Caricature (1904), with F. T. Cooper.

Arthur Berriedale Keith was a Scottish constitutional lawyer, scholar of Sanskrit and Indologist. He became Regius Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology and Lecturer on the Constitution of the British Empire in the University of Edinburgh. He served in this role from 1914 to 1944.

Arthur Brisbane was one of the best known American newspaper editors of the 20th century as well as a real estate investor. He was also a speech writer, orator, and public relations professional who coached many famous businesspeople of his time in the field of public relations, particularly Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and John D. Rockefeller.

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke was an English science fiction writer, science writer, futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.

Arthur Cheney Train, also called Arthur Chesney Train, was an American lawyer and writer of legal thrillers, particularly known for his novels of courtroom intrigue and the creation of the fictional lawyer Mr. Ephraim Tutt.

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle was a British writer and physician. He created the character Sherlock Holmes in 1887 for A Study in Scarlet, the first of four novels and fifty-six short stories about Holmes and Dr. Watson. The Sherlock Holmes stories are milestones in the field of crime fiction.

Arthur Corbin Gould (1850–1903) was an author, avid shooter and member of the Massachusetts Rifle Association. He published The Rifle [Riling 1160] in 1885. After Gould's death, The Rifle was acquired as an official publication of the National Rifle Association of America becoming American Rifleman. Mr. Gould also authored The Modern American Pistol and Revolver, including a description of modern pistols and revolvers of American make; ammunition used in these arms; results accomplished; and shooting rules followed by American marksmen as well as Modern American Rifles. The former was the first English-language book devoted to pistol shooting.