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ANTHROPOLOGY

1. Anthropology, Biology, History

2. Organic and Social Elements

3. Physical Anthropology

4. Cultural Anthropology

5. Evolutionary Processes and Evolutionistic Fancies

6. Age of Anthropological Science

7. The “Missing Link”

8. Family Tree of the Primates

9. Geological and Glacial Time

10. Place of Man’s Origin and Development

11. Pithecanthropus

12. Heidelberg Man

13. The Piltdown Form

14. Neandertal Man

15. Rhodesian Man

16. The Cro-Magnon Race

17. The Brünn Race

18. The Grimaldi Race: Neolithic Races

19. The Metric Expression of Human Evolution

20. Race Origins

21. Race Classification

22. Traits on Which Classification Rests

23. The Grand Divisions or Primary Stocks

24. Caucasian Races

25. Mongoloid Races

26. Negroid Races

27. Peoples of Doubtful Position

28. Continents and Oceans

29. The History of Race Classifications

30. Emergence of the Threefold Classification

31. Other Classifications

32. Principles and Conclusions Common to All Classifications

33. Race, Nationality, and Language

34. Questions of Endowment and Their Validity

35. Plan of Inquiry

36. Anatomical Evidence on Evolutionary Rank

37. Comparative Physiological Data

38. Disease

39. Causes of Cancer Incidence

40. Mental Achievement and Social Environment

41. Psychological Tests on the Sense Faculties

42. Intelligence Tests

43. Status of Hybrids

44. Evidence from the Cultural Record of Races

45. Emotional Bias

46. Summary

47. Linguistic Relationship: The Speech Family

48. Criteria of Relationship

49. Sound Equivalences and Phonetic Laws

50. The Principal Speech Families

51. Classification of Languages by Types

52. Permanence of Language and Race

53. The Biological and Historical Nature of Language

54. Problems of the Relation of Language and Culture

55. Period of the Origin of Language

56. Culture, Speech, and Nationality

57. Relative Worth of Languages

58. Size of Vocabulary

59. Quality of Speech Sounds

60. Diffusion and Parallelism in Language and Culture

61. Convergent Languages

62. Unconscious Factors in Language and Culture

63. Linguistic and Cultural Standards

64. Rapidity of Linguistic Change

65. Fossils of the Body and of the Mind

66. Stone and Metals

67. The Old and the New Stone Ages

68. The Eolithic Age

69. The Palæolithic Age: Duration, Climate, Animals

70. Subdivisions of the Palæolithic

71. Human Racial Types in the Palæolithic

72. Palæolithic Flint Implements

73. Other Materials: Bone and Horn

74. Dress

75. Harpoons and Weapons

76. Wooden Implements

77. Fire

78. Houses

79. Religion

80. Palæolithic Art

81. Summary of Advance in the Palæolithic

82. Heredity

83. Geographical Environment

84. Diet

85. Agriculture

86. Cultural Factors

87. Cultural Distribution

88. Historical Induction

89. The Couvade

90. Proverbs

91. Geographic Distribution

92. The Magic Flight

93. Flood Legends

94. The Double-headed Eagle

95. The Zodiac

96. Measures

97. Divination

99. Migrations

100. General Observations

101. Cultural Context

102. Universal Elements

103. Secondary Parallelism in the Indo-European Languages

104. Textile Patterns and Processes

105. Primary Parallelism: the Beginnings of Writing

106. Time Reckoning

107. Scale and Pitch of Pan’s Pipes

108. Bronze

109. Zero

110. Exogamic Institutions

111. Parallels and Psychology

112. Limitations on the Principle

113. House Building and Architecture

114. The Problem of Spanning

115. The Column and Beam

116. The Corbelled Arch

117. The True Arch

118. Babylonian and Etruscan Beginnings

119. The Roman Arch and Dome

120. Mediæval Cathedrals

121. The Arabs: India: Modern Architecture

122. The Week: Holy Numbers

123. Babylonian Discovery of the Planets

124. Greek and Egyptian Contributions: the Astrological Combination

125. The Names of the Days and the Sabbath

126. The Week in Christianity, Islam, and Eastern Asia

127. Summary of the Diffusion

128. Month-thirds and Market Weeks

129. Leap Days as Parallels

130. Kinds of Writing: Pictographic and Mixed Phonetic

131. Deficiencies of Transitional Systems

132. Abbreviation and Conventionalization

133. Presumptive Origins of Mixed Systems

134. Phonetic Writing: the Primitive Semitic Alphabet

135. The Greek Alphabet: Invention of the Vowels

136. Slowness of the Invention

137. The Roman Alphabet

138. Letters as Numeral Signs

139. Reform in Institutions

140. The Sixth and Seventh Letters

141. The Tail of the Alphabet

142. Capitals and Minuscules

143. Conservatism and Rationalization

144. Gothic

145. Hebrew and Arabic

146. The Spread Eastward: the Writing of India

147. Syllabic Tendencies

148. The East Indies: Philippine Alphabets

149. Northern Asia: the Conflict of Systems in Korea

150. Regional Variation of Culture

151. Plains, Southwest, Northwest Areas

152. California and Its Sub-areas

153. The Shaping of a Problem

154. Girls’ Adolescence Rite

155. The First Period

156. The Second Period: Mourning Anniversary and First-salmon Rite

157. Era of Regional Differentiation

158. Third and Fourth Periods in Central California: Kuksu and Hesi

159. Third and Fourth Periods in Southern California: Jimsonweed and Chungichnish

160. Third and Fourth Periods on the Lower Colorado: Dream Singing

161. Northwestern California: World-renewal and Wealth Display

162. Summary of Religious Development

163. Other Phases of Culture

164. Outline of the Culture History of California

165. The Question of Dating

166. The Evidence of Archæology

167. Age of the Shellmounds

168. General Serviceability of the Method

169. Review of the Method of Culture Examination

170. Limitations on the Diffusion Principle

171. Cultural Ranking

172. Cultural Abnormalities

173. Environmental Considerations

174. Culture-areas

175. Diagrammatic Representation of Accumulation and Diffusion of Culture Traits

176. Representation Showing Contemporaneity and Narrative Representation

177. Racial Origin of the American Indians

178. The Time of the Peopling of America

179. Linguistic Diversification

180. The Primitive Culture of the Immigrants

181. The Route of Entry into the Western Hemisphere

182. The Spread Over Two Continents

183. Emergence of Middle American Culture: Maize

184. Tobacco

185. The Sequence of Social Institutions

186. Rise of Political Institutions: Confederacy and Empire

187. Developments in Weaving

188. Progress in Spinning: Cotton

189. Textile Clothing

190. Cults: Shamanism

191. Crisis Rites and Initiations

192. Secret Societies and Masks

193. Priesthood

194. Temples and Sacrifice

195. Architecture, Sculpture, Towns

196. Metallurgy

197. Calendars and Astronomy

198. Writing

199. The Several Provincial Developments: Mexico

200. The Andean Area

201. Colombia

202. The Tropical Forest

203. Patagonia

204. North America: the Southwest

205. The Southeast

206. The Northern Woodland

207. Plains Area

208. The Northwest Coast

209. Northern Marginal Areas

210. Later Asiatic Influences

211. Sources of Knowledge

212. Chronology of the Grand Divisions of Culture History

213. The Lower and Upper Palæolithic

214. Race Influence and Regional Differentiation in the Lower Palæolithic

215. Upper Palæolithic Culture Growths and Races

216. The Palæolithic Aftermath: Azilian

217. The Neolithic: Its Early Phase

218. Pottery and the Bow

219. Bone Tools

220. The Dog

221. The Hewn Ax

222. The Full Neolithic

223. Origin of Domesticated Animals and Plants

224. Other Traits of the Full Neolithic

225. The Bronze Age: Copper and Bronze Phases

226. Traits Associated with Bronze

227. Iron

228. First Use and Spread of Iron

229. The Hallstadt and LaTène Periods

230. Summary of Development: Regional Differentiation

231. The Scandinavian Area as an Example

232. The Late Palæolithic Ancylus or Maglemose Period

233. The Early Neolithic Litorina or Kitchenmidden Period

234. The Full Neolithic and Its Subdivisions in Scandinavia

235. The Bronze Age and Its Periods in Scandinavia

236. Problems of Chronology

237. Principles of the Prehistoric Spread of Culture

238. The Early Focal Area

239. Egypt and Sumer and Their Background

240. Predynastic Egypt

241. Culture Growth in Dynastic Egypt

242. The Sumerian Development

243. The Sumerian Hinterland

244. Entry of Semites and Indo-Europeans

245. Iranian Peoples and Cultures

246. The Composite Culture of the Near East

247. Phœnicians, Aramæans, Hebrews

248. Other Contributing Nationalities

249. Ægean Civilization

250. Europe

251. China

252. Growth and Spread of Chinese Civilization

253. The Lolos

254. Korea

255. Japan

256. Central and Northern Asia

257. India

258. Indian Caste and Religion

259. Relations Between India and the Outer World

260. Indo-China

261. Oceania

262. The East Indies

263. Melanesia and Polynesia

264. Australia

265. Tasmania

266. Africa

267. Egyptian Radiations

268. The Influence of Other Cultures

269. The Bushmen

270. The West African Culture-area and Its Meaning

271. Civilization, Race, and the Future

FOOTNOTES

INDEX