Democracy in America — Volume 2
The Americans live in a democratic state of society, which has naturally suggested to them certain laws and a certain political character. This same state of society has, moreover, engendered amongst them a multitude of feelings and opinions which were unknown amongst the elder aristocratic communities of Europe: it has destroyed or modified all the relations which before existed, and established others of a novel kind. The—aspect of civil society has been no less affected by these changes than that of the political world. The former subject has been treated of in the work on the Democracy of America, which I published five years ago; to examine the latter is the object of the present book; but these two parts complete each other, and form one and the same work.
I must at once warn the reader against an error which would be extremely prejudicial to me. When he finds that I attribute so many different consequences to the principle of equality, he may thence infer that I consider that principle to be the sole cause of all that takes place in the present age: but this would be to impute to me a very narrow view. A multitude of opinions, feelings, and propensities are now in existence, which owe their origin to circumstances unconnected with or even contrary to the principle of equality. Thus if I were to select the United States as an example, I could easily prove that the nature of the country, the origin of its inhabitants, the religion of its founders, their acquired knowledge, and their former habits, have exercised, and still exercise, independently of democracy, a vast influence upon the thoughts and feelings of that people. Different causes, but no less distinct from the circumstance of the equality of conditions, might be traced in Europe, and would explain a great portion of the occurrences taking place amongst us.
I acknowledge the existence of all these different causes, and their power, but my subject does not lead me to treat of them. I have not undertaken to unfold the reason of all our inclinations and all our notions: my only object is to show in what respects the principle of equality has modified both the former and the latter.
Alexis de Tocqueville
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DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA
Translated by Henry Reeve
Volume II.
De Tocqueville's Preface To The Second Part
Chapter I: Philosophical Method Among the Americans
Chapter II: Of The Principal Source Of Belief Among Democratic Nations
Chapter VI: Of The Progress Of Roman Catholicism In The United States
Chapter XI: Of The Spirit In Which The Americans Cultivate The Arts
Chapter XIII: Literary Characteristics Of Democratic Ages
Chapter XIV: The Trade Of Literature
Chapter XVI: The Effect Of Democracy On Language
Chapter XVII: Of Some Of The Sources Of Poetry Amongst Democratic Nations
Chapter XVIII: Of The Inflated Style Of American Writers And Orators
Chapter XIX: Some Observations On The Drama Amongst Democratic Nations
Chapter XX: Characteristics Of Historians In Democratic Ages
Chapter XXI: Of Parliamentary Eloquence In The United States
Section 2: Influence of Democracy on the Feelings of Americans
Chapter II: Of Individualism In Democratic Countries
Chapter VI: Of The Relation Between Public Associations And Newspapers
Chapter VII: Connection Of Civil And Political Associations
Chapter X: Of The Taste For Physical Well-Being In America
Chapter XII: Causes Of Fanatical Enthusiasm In Some Americans
Chapter XIX: That Almost All The Americans Follow Industrial Callings
Chapter XX: That Aristocracy May Be Engendered By Manufactures
Book Three: Influence Of Democracy On Manners, Properly So Called
Chapter IV: Consequences Of The Three Preceding Chapters
Chapter V: How Democracy Affects the Relation Of Masters And Servants
Chapter VII: Influence Of Democracy On Wages
Chapter VIII: Influence Of Democracy On Kindred
Chapter IX: Education Of Young Women In The United States
Chapter X: The Young Woman In The Character Of A Wife
Chapter XII: How The Americans Understand The Equality Of The Sexes
Chapter XIV: Some Reflections On American Manners
Chapter XVIII: Of Honor In The United States And In Democratic Communities
Chapter XX: The Trade Of Place-Hunting In Certain Democratic Countries
Chapter XXI: Why Great Revolutions Will Become More Rare
Chapter XXV: Of Discipline In Democratic Armies
Chapter XXVI: Some Considerations On War In Democratic Communities
Book Four: Influence Of Democratic Opinions On Political Society
Chapter I: That Equality Naturally Gives Men A Taste For Free Institutions
Chapter VI: What Sort Of Despotism Democratic Nations Have To Fear
Chapter VII: Continuation Of The Preceding Chapters
Chapter VIII: General Survey Of The Subject
APPENDIX TO PARTS I. AND II.
Part I.
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Part II.
Appendix G
We read in Jefferson's "Memoirs" as follows:—
Appendix H
Appendix I
Appendix K
Appendix L
Appendix M
Appendix N
Appendix O
Appendix P
Appendix Q
Appendix R
Appendix S
Appendix T
Appendix U
Appendix V
Appendix W
Appendix X
Appendix Y
Appendix Z
Constitution Of The United States Of America
Article I
Section 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a
Section 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members of
Section 3. The Senate of the United States shall be composed
Section 4. The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for
Section 5. Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns
Section 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation
Section 7. All Bills for Raising Revenue shall originate in the House of
Section 8. The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes,
To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;
Section 9. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the
Section 10. No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or
Article II
Section 1. The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the
Section 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and
Section 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information
Section 4. The President, Vice-President and all civil Officers of the
Article III
Section 1. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in
Section 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all cases, in Law and
Section 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in
Article IV
Section 1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the
Section 2. The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all
Section 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union;
Section 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this
Article V
Article VI
Article VII
Bill Of Rights