The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species
CONTENTS
I. HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS: PRIMULACEÆ.
Primula veris or the cowslip.—Differences in structure between the two forms.— Their degrees of fertility when legitimately and illegitimately united.—P. elatior, vulgaris, Sinensis, auricula, etc.—Summary on the fertility of the heterostyled species of Primula.—Homostyled species of Primula.—Hottonia palustris.—Androsace vitalliana.
II. HYBRID PRIMULAS.
The oxlip a hybrid naturally produced between Primula veris and vulgaris.—The differences in structure and function between the two parent-species.—Effects of crossing long-styled and short-styled oxlips with one another and with the two forms of both parent-species.—Character of the offspring from oxlips artificially self-fertilised and cross-fertilised in a state of nature.—Primula elatior shown to be a distinct species.—Hybrids between other heterostyled species of Primula.—Supplementary note on spontaneously produced hybrids in the genus Verbascum.
III. HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS—continued.
Linum grandiflorum, long-styled form utterly sterile with own-form pollen.— Linum perenne, torsion of the pistils in the long-styled form alone.—Homostyled species of Linum.—Pulmonaria officinalis, singular difference in self-fertility between the English and German long-styled plants.—Pulmonaria angustifolia shown to be a distinct species, long-styled form completely self-sterile.— Polygonum fagopyrum.—Various other heterostyled genera.—Rubiaceae.—Mitchella repens, fertility of the flowers in pairs.—Houstonia.—Faramea, remarkable difference in the pollen-grains of the two forms; torsion of the stamens in the short-styled form alone; development not as yet perfect.—The heterostyled structure in the several Rubiaceous genera not due to descent in common.
IV. HETEROSTYLED TRIMORPHIC PLANTS.
Lythrum salicaria.—Description of the three forms.—Their power and complex manner of fertilising one another.—Eighteen different unions possible.—Mid- styled form eminently feminine in nature.—Lythrum Graefferi likewise trimorphic.—L. hymifolia dimorphic.—L. hyssopifolia homostyled.—Nesaea verticillata trimorphic.—Lagerstroemia, nature doubtful.—Oxalis, trimorphic species of.—O. Valdiviana.—O. Regnelli, the illegitimate unions quite barren.- -O. speciosa.—O. sensitiva.—Homostyled species of Oxalis.—Pontederia, the one monocotyledonous genus known to include heterostyled species.
Charles Darwin
THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF FLOWERS ON PLANTS OF THE SAME SPECIES
DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF FLOWERS ON PLANTS OF THE SAME SPECIES.
CHAPTER I. HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS: PRIMULACEÆ.
TABLE 1.1.
TABLE 1.2.
TABLE 1.3.
TABLE 1.4.
TABLE 1.5.
A SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY:
A SUMMARY ON THE FOREGOING HETEROSTYLED SPECIES OF PRIMULA.
HOMOSTYLED SPECIES OF PRIMULA.
A SUMMARY:
CHAPTER II. HYBRID PRIMULAS.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE ON SOME WILD HYBRID VERBASCUMS.
CHAPTER III. HETEROSTYLED DIMORPHIC PLANTS—continued.
FIRST.
SECONDLY.
THIRDLY.
FOURTHLY.
FIFTHLY.
SIXTHLY.
SEVENTHLY.
EIGHTHLY.
NINTHLY.
TENTHLY.
PULMONARIA (BORAGINEAE).
RUBIACEAE.
CHAPTER IV. HETEROSTYLED TRIMORPHIC PLANTS.
LONG-STYLED FORM.
MID-STYLED FORM.
SHORT-STYLED FORM.
ON THE POWER OF MUTUAL FERTILISATION BETWEEN THE THREE FORMS.
LONG-STYLED FORM.
MID-STYLED FORM.
SHORT-STYLED FORM.
TABLE 4.26.
HOMOSTYLED SPECIES OF OXALIS.
PONTEDERIA [SP.?] (PONTEDERIACEAE).
CHAPTER V. ILLEGITIMATE OFFSPRING OF HETEROSTYLED PLANTS.
[PLANT 1.
PLANT 2.
PLANTS 3 AND 4.
PLANT 5.
PLANT 6.
PLANT 7.
[PLANT 8.
PLANT 9.
PLANT 10.
[PLANT 11.
PLANT 12.
PLANT 13.
[PLANT 14.
PLANT 15.
PLANT 16.
PLANT 17.
[PLANT 18.
PLANT 19.
PLANT 20.
[PLANT 21.
PLANT 22.
PLANT 23.
PLANT 24.
PLANT 25.
[PLANT 26.
PLANT 27.
PLANT 28.
PLANT 29.
[PLANT 32.
PLANT 33.
OXALIS.
PRIMULA.
CONCLUSIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE EQUAL-STYLED VARIETY OF P. Sinensis.
VAR. RUBRA.
PULMONARIA.
CHAPTER VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS ON HETEROSTYLED PLANTS.
DIMORPHIC SPECIES.
TRIMORPHIC SPECIES.
DICOTYLEDONS.
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
THE MEANS BY WHICH PLANTS MAY HAVE BEEN RENDERED HETEROSTYLED.
TRANSMISSION OF THE TWO FORMS BY HETEROSTYLED PLANTS.
EQUAL-STYLED VARIETIES.
FINAL REMARKS.
CHAPTER VII. POLYGAMOUS, DIOECIOUS, AND GYNO-DIOECIOUS PLANTS.
POLYGAMOUS, DIOECIOUS, AND SUB-DIOECIOUS PLANTS.
GYNO-DIOECIOUS PLANTS.
CHAPTER VIII. CLEISTOGAMIC FLOWERS.
DICOTYLEDONS.
MONOCOTYLEDONS.
CONCLUDING REMARKS ON CLEISTOGAMIC FLOWERS.
INDEX.