The Effects of Cross & Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
CONTENTS
Various means which favour or determine the cross-fertilisation of plants.—Benefits derived from cross-fertilisation.—Self-fertilisation favourable to the propagation of the species.—Brief history of the subject.—Object of the experiments, and the manner in which they were tried.—Statistical value of the measurements.—The experiments carried on during several successive generations.—Nature of the relationship of the plants in the later generations.—Uniformity of the conditions to which the plants were subjected.—Some apparent and some real causes of error.—Amount of pollen employed.—Arrangement of the work.—Importance of the conclusions.
Ipomoea purpurea, comparison of the height and fertility of the crossed and self-fertilised plants during ten successive generations.—Greater constitutional vigour of the crossed plants.—The effects on the offspring of crossing different flowers on the same plant, instead of crossing distinct individuals.—The effects of a cross with a fresh stock.—The descendants of the self-fertilised plant named Hero.—Summary on the growth, vigour, and fertility of the successive crossed and self-fertilised generations.—Small amount of pollen in the anthers of the self-fertilised plants of the later generations, and the sterility of their first-produced flowers.—Uniform colour of the flowers produced by the self-fertilised plants.—The advantage from a cross between two distinct plants depends on their differing in constitution.
Mimulus luteus; height, vigour, and fertility of the crossed and self-fertilised plants of the first four generations.—Appearance of a new, tall, and highly self-fertile variety.—Offspring from a cross between self-fertilised plants.—Effects of a cross with a fresh stock.—Effects of crossing flowers on the same plant.—Summary on Mimulus luteus.—Digitalis purpurea, superiority of the crossed plants.—Effects of crossing flowers on the same plant.—Calceolaria.—Linaria vulgaris.—Verbascum thapsus.—Vandellia nummularifolia.—Cleistogene flowers.—Gesneria pendulina.—Salvia coccinea.—Origanum vulgare, great increase of the crossed plants by stolons.—Thunbergia alata.
Charles Darwin
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DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
VII.
VIII.
IX.
THE EFFECTS OF CROSS AND SELF-FERTILISATION IN THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
TABLE 1/2.
ON SOME APPARENT AND REAL CAUSES OF ERROR IN MY EXPERIMENTS.
CHAPTER II. CONVOLVULACEAE.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FOURTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FIFTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SIXTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SEVENTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE EIGHTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE NINTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE TENTH GENERATION.
THIRD GENERATION OF CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS.
FOURTH GENERATION OF CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS.
FIFTH GENERATION OF CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS.
NINTH GENERATION OF CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS.
CHAPTER III. SCROPHULARIACEAE, GESNERIACEAE, LABIATAE, ETC.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FIRST GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FOURTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FIFTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SIXTH GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SEVENTH GENERATION.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A DISTINCT STOCK.
CHAPTER IV. CRUCIFERAE, PAPAVERACEAE, RESEDACEAE, ETC.
VAR. CATTELL’S EARLY BARNES CABBAGE.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A FRESH STOCK.
VAR. KERMESIANA.
CROSS BY A FRESH STOCK.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
PLANTS RAISED FROM BRAZILIAN SEED.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A FRESH STOCK.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE FIRST GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A FRESH STOCK.
NUMBER OF CAPSULES:
COLOUR OF THE FLOWERS.
CHAPTER V. GERANIACEAE, LEGUMINOSAE, ONAGRACEAE, ETC.
14. LEGUMINOSAE.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
A SUMMARY ON THE LEGUMINOSAE.
VAR. SNOW-FLAKE.
PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CHAPTER VI. SOLANACEAE, PRIMULACEAE, POLYGONEAE, ETC.
DINGY PURPLE VARIETY.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A FRESH STOCK.
RELATIVE FERTILITY OF THE THREE LOTS OF PLANTS.
COLOUR OF THE FLOWERS ON THE ABOVE THREE LOTS OF PLANTS.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE SECOND GENERATION.
CROSSED AND SELF-FERTILISED PLANTS OF THE THIRD GENERATION.
THE EFFECTS OF A CROSS WITH A FRESH STOCK.
175.63 : 101.50 : 202.75 : 105.13.
478.75 : 286.86 : 496.13 : 417.25
ANAGALLIS.
THE COWSLIP.
EQUAL-STYLED AND RED-FLOWERED VAR.
A SUMMARY OF THE MEASUREMENTS IN TABLE 7/C.
TABLE 7/A.
TABLE 7/B.
GREATER CONSTITUTIONAL VIGOUR OF CROSSED PLANTS.
PERIOD OF FLOWERING.
EFFECTS OF CROSSING FLOWERS ON THE SAME PLANT.
SELF-STERILE PLANTS.
CONCLUDING REMARKS ON SELF-STERILE PLANTS.
THE APPEARANCE OF HIGHLY SELF-FERTILE VARIETIES.
CHAPTER X. MEANS OF FERTILISATION.
MEANS OF CROSS-FERTILISATION.
ANEMOPHILOUS PLANTS.
PERFORATION OF THE COROLLA BY BEES.
CHAPTER XII. GENERAL RESULTS.
INDEX.