Manual of the Trees of North America (Exclusive of Mexico) 2nd ed.
A North Eastern B North Western AB North Eastern & North Western C South Eastern D Tropical Florida E Texas-Mexican Boundary F Rocky Mountains G Oregon & California H New Mexico & Arizona Mexican Boundary
BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT Director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Author of The Silva of North America
WITH SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY CHARLES EDWARD FAXON AND MARY W. GILL
Second Edition
BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY The Riverside Press Cambridge 1922
COPYRIGHT, 1905 AND 1927, BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
TO M. R. S. THE WISE AND KIND FRIEND OF THIRTY YEARS THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH GRATITUDE AND AFFECTION
The studies of the trees of North America (exclusive of Mexico) which have been carried on by the agents and correspondents of the Arboretum in the sixteen years since the publication of the Manual of the Trees of North America have increased the knowledge of the subject and made necessary a new edition of this Manual . The explorations of these sixteen years have added eighty-nine species of trees and many recently distinguished varieties of formerly imperfectly understood species to the silva of the United States, and made available much additional information in regard to the geographical distribution of American trees. Further studies have made the reduction of seven species of the first edition to varieties of other species seem desirable; and two species, Amelanchier obovalis and Cercocarpus parvifolius , which were formerly considered trees, but are more properly shrubs, are omitted. The genus Anamomis is now united with Eugenia; and the Arizona Pinus strobiformis Sarg. (not Engelm.) is now referred to Pinus flexilis James.
Representatives of four Families and sixteen Genera which did not appear in the first edition are described in the new edition in which will be found an account of seven hundred and seventeen species of trees in one hundred and eighty-five genera, illustrated by seven hundred and eighty-three figures, or one hundred and forty-one figures in addition to those which appeared in the first edition.
Charles Sprague Sargent
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PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Class 1. GYMNOSPERMÆ.
I. PINACEÆ.
1. PINUS Duham. Pine.
2. LARIX Adans. Larch.
3. PICEA Dietr. Spruce.
4. TSUGA Carr. Hemlock.
5. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr.
6. ABIES Link. Fir.
7. SEQUOIA Endl.
8. TAXODIUM Rich. Bald Cypress.
9. LIBOCEDRUS Endl.
10. THUJA L. Arbor-vitæ.
11. CUPRESSUS L. Cypress.
12. CHAMÆCYPARIS.
13. JUNIPERUS L. Juniper.
II. TAXACEÆ.
1. TORREYA ARN.
2. TAXUS L. Yew.
Class 2. ANGIOSPERMÆ.
Division 1. Monocotyledons.
III. PALMÆ.
1. THRINAX Sw.
2. COCCOTHRINAX Sarg.
3. SABAL Adans. Palmetto.
4. WASHINGTONIA H. Wendl.
5. ACŒLORRAPHE H. Wendl.
6. ROYSTONEA Cook. Royal Palm.
7. PSEUDOPHŒNIX H. Wendl.
1. YUCCA L.
Division II. Dicotyledons.
V. SALICACEÆ.
1. POPULUS L. Poplar.
2. SALIX L. Willow.
VI. MYRICACEÆ.
VII. LEITNERIACEÆ.
VIII. JUGLANDACEÆ.
1. JUGLANS L. Walnut.
2. CARYA NUTT. Hickory.
IX. BETULACEÆ.
1. CARPINUS L. Hornbeam.
2. OSTRYA Scop. Hop Hornbeam.
3. BETULA L. Birch.
4. ALNUS L. Alder.
X. FAGACEÆ.
1. FAGUS L. Beech.
2. CASTANEA Adans. Chestnut.
3. CASTANOPSIS Spach.
4. LITHOCARPUS Bl.
5. QUERCUS L. Oak.
XI. ULMACEÆ.
1. ULMUS L. Elm.
2. PLANERA Gmel.
3. CELTIS L.
4. TREMA Lour.
XII. MORACEÆ.
1. MORUS L. Mulberry.
2. MACLURA Nutt.
3. FICUS L. Fig.
XIII. OLACACEÆ.
1. SCHOEPFIA Schreb.
2. XIMENIA L.
XIV. POLYGONACEÆ.
1. COCCOLOBIS P. Br.
XV. NYCTAGINACEÆ.
1. TORRUBIA Vell.
XVI. MAGNOLIACEÆ.
1. MAGNOLIA L. Magnolia.
2. LIRIODENDRON L.
XVII. ANONACEÆ.
1. ASIMINA Adans.
2. ANONA L.
XVIII. LAURACEÆ.
1. PERSEA Mill.
2. OCOTEA Aubl.
3. UMBELLULARIA Nutt.
4. SASSAFRAS Nees. Sassafras.
XIX. CAPPARIDACEÆ.
1. CAPPARIS L.
XX. HAMAMELIDACEÆ.
1. LIQUIDAMBAR L.
2. HAMAMELIS L. Witch Hazel.
XXI. PLATANACEÆ.
1. PLATANUS L. Plane-tree.
XXII. ROSACEÆ.
1. VAUQUELINIA Corr.
2. LYONOTHAMNUS A. Gray.
3. MALUS Hall. Apple.
4. SORBUS L. Mountain Ash.
5. HETEROMELES Roem.
6. AMELANCHIER Med.
7. CRATÆGUS. Hawthorn.
I. CRUS-GALLI.
II. PUNCTATÆ.
III. ÆSTIVALES.
IV. VIRIDES.
V. PRUINOSÆ.
VI. SILVICOLÆ.
VII. TENUIFOLIÆ.
VIII. MOLLES.
IX. COCCINEÆ.
X. DILATATÆ.
XI. ROTUNDIFOLIÆ.
XII. INTRICATÆ.
XIII. PULCHERRIMÆ.
XIV. BRACTEATÆ.
XV. FLAVÆ.
XVI. MICROCARPÆ.
XVII. BRACHYACANTHÆ.
XVIII. MACRACANTHÆ.
XIX. DOUGLASIANÆ.
XX. ANOMALÆ.
8. COWANIA D. Don.
9. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. Mountain Mahogany.
11. CHRYSOBALANUS L.
XXIII. LEGUMINOSÆ.
1. PITHECOLOBIUM Mart.
2. LYSILOMA Benth.
3. ACACIA Adans.
4. LEUCÆNA Benth.
5. PROSOPIS L. Mesquite.
6. CERCIS L.
7. GYMNOCLADUS Lam.
8. GLEDITSIA L.
9. PARKINSONIA L.
10. CERCIDIUM Tul.
11. SOPHORA L.
12. CLADRASTIS Raf.
13. EYSENHARDTIA H. B. K.
14. DALEA L.
15. ROBINIA L. Locust.
16. OLNEYA A. Gray.
17. ERYTHRINA L.
18. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Brown.
XXIV. ZYGOPHYLLACEÆ.
1. GUAIACUM L. Lignum-vitæ.
XXV. MALPIGIACEÆ.
1. BYRSONIMA Rich.
XXVI. RUTACEÆ.
1. XANTHOXYLUM L.
2. HELIETTA Tul.
3. PTELEA L.
4. AMYRIS L.
XXVII. SIMAROUBACEÆ.
1. SIMAROUBA Aubl.
2. PICRAMNIA Sw.
3. ALVARADOA Liebm.
XXVIII. BURSERACEÆ.
1. BURSERA Jacq.
XXIX. MELIACEÆ.
1. SWIETENIA Jacq.
XXX. EUPHORBIACEÆ.
1. DRYPETES Vahl.
2. HIPPOMANE L.
3. GYMNANTHES Sw.
XXXI. ANACARDIACEÆ.
1. PISTACIA L.
2. COTINUS L.
3. METOPIUM P. Br.
4. RHUS L.
XXXII. CYRILLACEÆ.
1. CYRILLA L.
2. CLIFTONIA Gærtn. f.
XXXIII. AQUIFOLIACEÆ.
1. ILEX L.
XXXIV. CELASTRACEÆ.
1. EVONYMUS L.
2. MAYTENUS Molina.
3. CANOTIA Torr.
4. GYMINDA Sarg.
5. SCHÆFFERIA Jacq.
XXXV. ACERACEÆ.
1. ACER L. Maple.
XXXVI. HIPPOCASTANACEÆ.
1. AESCULUS L.
XXXVII. SAPINDACEÆ.
1. SAPINDUS L. Soapberry.
2. EXOTHEA Macf.
3. HYPELATE P. Br.
4. UNGNADIA Endl.
XXXVIII. RHAMNACEÆ.
1. CONDALIA Cav.
2. REYNOSIA Griseb.
3. KRUGIODENDRON Urb.
4. RHAMNUS L.
5. CEANOTHUS L.
6. COLUBRINA Brong.
XXXIX. TILIACEÆ.
1. TILIA L. Bass Wood. Linden.
XL. STERCULIACEÆ.
1. FREMONTIA Torr.
XLI. THEACEÆ.
1. GORDONIA Ell.
XLII. CANELLACEÆ.
1. CANELLA P. Br.
XLIII. KŒBERLINIACEÆ.
1. KŒBERLINIA Zucc.
XLIV. CARICACEÆ.
1. CARICA L.
XLV. CACTACEÆ.
1. CEREUS Haw.
2. OPUNTIA Adans.
XLVI. RHIZOPHORACEÆ.
1. RHIZOPHORA L. Mangrove.
XLVII. COMBRETACEÆ.
1. BUCIDA L.
2. CONOCARPUS L.
3. LAGUNCULARIA Gærtn.
XLVIII. MYRTACEÆ.
1. CALYPTRANTHES Sw.
2. EUGENIA L.
XLIX. MELASTOMACEÆ.
1. TETRAZYGIA A. Rich.
L. ARALIACEÆ.
1. ARALIA L.
LI. NYSSACEÆ.
1. NYSSA L.
LII. CORNACEÆ.
1. CORNUS L. Dogwood.
LIII. ERICACEÆ.
1. ELLIOTTIA Ell.
2. RHODODENDRON L.
3. KALMIA L.
4. OXYDENDRUM DC.
5. LYONIA Nutt.
6. ARBUTUS L.
7. VACCINIUM L.
LIV. THEOPHRASTACEÆ.
1. JACQUINIA Jacq.
LV. MYRSINACEÆ.
1. ARDISIA Sw.
2. RAPANEA Aubl.
LVI. SAPOTACEÆ.
1. SIDEROXYLUM L.
2. DIPHOLIS A. DC.
3. BUMELIA Sw.
4. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L.
5. MIMUSOPS L.
LVII. EBENACEÆ.
1. DIOSPYROS L.
LVIII. STYRACEÆ.
1. HALESIA L. SILVER BELL TREE.
2. STYRAX L.
LIX. SYMPLOCACEÆ.
1. SYMPLOCOS L’Her.
LX. OLEACEÆ.
1. FRAXINUS L. Ash.
2. FORESTIERA Poir. Swamp Privet.
3. CHIONANTHUS L.
4. OSMANTHUS Lour.
LXI. BORRAGINACEÆ.
1. CORDIA L.
2. BEURERIA Jacq.
3. EHRETIA P. Br.
LXII. VERBENACEÆ.
1. CITHAREXYLON L.
2. AVICENNIA L.
LXIII. SOLANACEÆ.
1. SOLANUM L.
LXIV. BIGNONIACEÆ.
1. CHILOPSIS D. Don.
2. CATALPA Scop.
3. ENALLAGMA Bail.
LXV. RUBIACEÆ.
1. PINCKNEYA Michx.
2. EXOSTEMA Rich.
3. CEPHALANTHUS L.
4. GUETTARDA Endl.
LXVI. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ.
1. SAMBUCUS L. Elder.
2. VIBURNUM A. L. de Juss.
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
INDEX
Transcriber’s Notes
