The History of Education / Educational Practice and Progress Considered as a Phase of the Development and Spread of Western Civilization
Anne Soulard, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
It had been my intention, after the publication of the second edition of the Syllabus, to expand the outline into a Text Book which would embody my ideas as to what university students should be given as to the history of the work in which they were engaged. I felt then, and still feel, that the history of education, properly conceived and presented, should occupy an important place in the training of an educational leader. Two things now happened which for some time turned me aside from my original purpose. The first was the publication, late in 1905, of Paul Monroe's very comprehensive and scholarly Text Book in the History of Education , and the second was that, with the expansion of the work in education in the university with which I was connected, and the addition of new men to the department, the general history of education was for a time turned over to another to teach. I then began, instead, the development of that introductory course in education, dealing entirely with American educational history and problems, out of which grew my Public Education in the United States .
The second half of the academic year 1910-11 I acted as visiting Lecturer on the History of Education at both Harvard University and Radcliffe College, and while serving in this capacity I began work on what has finally evolved into the present volume, together with the accompanying book of illustrative Readings . Other duties, and a deep interest in problems of school administration, largely engaged my energies and writing time until some three years ago, when, in rearranging courses at the university, it seemed desirable that I should again take over the instruction in the general history of education. Since then I have pushed through, as rapidly as conditions would permit, the organization of the parallel book of sources and documents, and the present volume of text.
In doing so I have not tried to prepare another history of educational theories. Of such we already have a sufficient number. Instead, I have tried to prepare a history of the progress and practice and organization of education itself, and to give to such a history its proper setting as a phase of the history of the development and spread of our Western civilization. I have especially tried to present such a picture of the rise, struggle for existence, growth, and recent great expansion of the idea of the improvability of the race and the elevation and emancipation of the individual through education as would be most illuminating and useful to students of the subject. To this end I have traced the great forward steps in the emancipation of the intellect of man, and the efforts to perpetuate the progress made through the organization of educational institutions to pass on to others what had been attained. I have also tried to give a proper setting to the great historic forces which have shaped and moulded human progress, and have made the evolution of modern state school systems and the world-wide spread of Western civilization both possible and inevitable.
Ellwood Patterson Cubberley
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THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION
TO MY WIFE FOR THIRTY YEARS BEST OF COMPANIONS IN BOTH WORK AND PLAY
PREFACE
CONTENTS
LIST OF PLATES
LIST OF FIGURES
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. GENERAL HISTORIES OF EDUCATION
II. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES OF EDUCATION
III. CYCLOPAEDIAS
IV. MAGAZINES
THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION
PART I
CHAPTER I
I. GREECE AND ITS PEOPLE
II. EARLY EDUCATION IN GREECE
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
CHAPTER II
III. THE NEW GREEK EDUCATION
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTAL REFERENCES
CHAPTER III
I. THE ROMANS AND THEIR MISSION
II. THE PERIOD OF HOME EDUCATION
III. THE TRANSITION TO SCHOOL EDUCATION
IV. THE SCHOOL SYSTEM AS FINALLY ESTABLISHED
V. ROME'S CONTRIBUTION TO CIVILIZATION
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER IV
I. THE RISE AND VICTORY OF CHRISTIANITY
II. EDUCATIONAL AND GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION OF THE EARLY CHURCH
III. WHAT THE MIDDLE AGES STARTED WITH
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
PART II
CHAPTER V
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER VI
I. CONDITION AND PRESERVATION OF LEARNING
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER VII
II. SCHOOLS ESTABLISHED AND INSTRUCTION PROVIDED
I. THE TRIVIUM
II. THE QUADRIVIUM
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER VIII
I. MOSLEM LEARNING FROM SPAIN
II. THE RISE OF SCHOLASTIC THEOLOGY
III. LAW AND MEDICINE AS NEW STUDIES
IV. OTHER NEW INFLUENCES AND MOVEMENTS
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER IX
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
PART III
CHAPTER X
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XI
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XII
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XIII
I. AMONG LUTHERANS AND ANGLICANS
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XIV
II. AMONG CALVINISTS AND CATHOLICS
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XV
III. THE REFORMATION AND AMERICAN EDUCATION
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XVI
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XVII
1. HUMANISTIC REALISM
II. SOCIAL REALISM
III. SENSE REALISM
IV. REALISM AND THE SCHOOLS
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XVIII
I. PRE-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EDUCATIONAL THEORIES
II. MID-EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
PART IV
CHAPTER XIX
I. WORK OF THE BENEVOLENT DESPOTS OF CONTINENTAL EUROPE
II. THE UNSATISFIED DEMAND FOR REFORM IN FRANCE
III. ENGLAND THE FIRST DEMOCRATIC NATION
IV. INSTITUTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT AND RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN AMERICA
V. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION SWEEPS AWAY ANCIENT ABUSES
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XX
I. NEW CONCEPTIONS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE
II. THE NEW STATE THEORY IN FRANCE
III. THE NEW STATE THEORY IN AMERICA
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXI
I. THE NEW THEORY STATED
II. GERMAN ATTEMPTS TO WORK OUT A NEW THEORY
III. THE WORK AND INFLUENCE OF PESTALOZZI
IV. REDIRECTION OF THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SELECTED REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXII
I. THE BEGINNINGS OF NATIONAL ORGANIZATION
II. A STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM AT LAST CREATED
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SELECTED REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXIII
I. NATIONAL ORGANIZATION IN FRANCE
II. NATIONAL ORGANIZATION IN ITALY
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXIV
I. THE CHARITABLE VOLUNTARY BEGINNINGS
II. THE PERIOD OF PHILANTHROPIC EFFORT (1800-33)
III. THE STRUGGLE FOR NATIONAL EDUCATION
IV. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NATIONAL SYSTEM
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXV
I. EARLY NATIONAL ATTITUDES AND INTERESTS
II. AWAKENING AN EDUCATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS
III. SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC INFLUENCES
IV. ALIGNMENT OF INTERESTS, AND PROPAGANDA
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXVI
I. THE BATTLE FOR TAX SUPPORT
II. THE BATTLE TO ELIMINATE THE PAUPER-SCHOOL IDEA
III. THE BATTLE TO MAKE THE SCHOOLS ENTIRELY FREE
IV. THE BATTLE TO ESTABLISH SCHOOL SUPERVISION
V. THE BATTLE TO ELIMINATE SECTARIANISM
VII. THE STATE UNIVERSITY CROWNS THE SYSTEM
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXVII
I. SPREAD OF THE STATE-CONTROL IDEA
II. NEW MODIFYING FORCES
III. EFFECT OF THESE CHANGES ON EDUCATION
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXVIII
I. THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION OF ELEMENTARY INSTRUCTION
II. NEW IDEAS FROM HERBARTIAN SOURCES
III. THE KINDERGARTEN, PLAY, AND MANUAL ACTIVITIES
IV. THE ADDITION OF SCIENCE STUDY
V. SOCIAL MEANING OF THESE CHANGES
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CHAPTER XXIX
I. POLITICAL
II. SCIENTIFIC
III. VOCATIONAL
IV. SOCIOLOGICAL
V. THE SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATION
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION
SELECTED READINGS
QUESTIONS ON THE READINGS
SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES
CONCLUSION; THE FUTURE
FOOTNOTES
PREFACE
PART I
CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
PART II
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
PART III
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
CHAPTER XV
CHAPTER XVI
CHAPTER XVII
CHAPTER XVIII
PART IV
CHAPTER XIX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XXI
CHAPTER XXII
CHAPTER XXIII
CHAPTER XXIV
CHAPTER XXV
CHAPTER XXVI
CHAPTER XXVII
CHAPTER XXVIII
CHAPTER XXIX