The Tinguian: Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe
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It seems desirable, at the outset, to set forth certain general conclusions regarding the Tinguian and their neighbors. Probably no pagan tribe of the Philippines has received more frequent notice in literature, or has been the subject of more theories regarding its origin, despite the fact that information concerning it has been exceedingly scanty, and careful observations on the language and physical types have been totally lacking.
According to various writers, these people are descended from Chinese, Japanese, or Arabs; are typical Malay; are identical with the Igorot; are pacific, hospitable, and industrious; are inveterate head-hunters, inhospitable, lazy, and dirty. The detailed discussion of these assertions will follow later in the volume, but at this point I wish to state briefly the racial and cultural situation, as I believe it to exist in northwestern Luzon.
I am under the impression that at one time this whole region was inhabited by pygmy blacks, known as Aeta or Negrito, small groups of whom still retain their identity. With the coming of an alien people they were pressed back from the coasts to the less hospitable regions of the interior, where they were, for the most part, exterminated, but they intermarried with the invaders to such an extent that to-day there is no tribe or group in northwestern Luzon but shows evidence of intermixture with them. I believe that the newcomers were drawn from the so-called primitive Malay peoples of southeastern Asia; that in their movement eastward and northward they met with and absorbed remnants of an earlier migration made up of a people closely related to the Polynesians, and that the results of this intermixture are still evident, not only in Luzon, but in every part of the Archipelago.
In northern Luzon, I hold, we find evidences of at least two series of waves and periods of migration, the members of which are similar physical type and language. It appears, however, that they came from somewhat different localities of southeastern Asia and had, in their old homes, developed social organizations and other elements of Page 234culture radically different from one another—institutions and groupings which they brought with them to the Philippines, and which they have maintained up to the present time.
Fay-Cooper Cole
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Contents
List of Illustrations
Text-Figures
Plates
Introduction
Geographical Relations and History
Physical Type and Relationships
The Cycle of Life
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Religion and Magic
Figure 4.
The Ceremonies
The Minor Ceremonies
The Great Ceremonies
Special Ceremonies
Social Organization. Government. The Village
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Warfare, Hunting, and Fishing
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Economic Life
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Products of Industry
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Decorative Art
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Personal Adornment, Dances, and Musical Instruments
Figure 26.
Music
Words of the Da-Eng
Conclusions
Plates
Figure I.
Figure II.
Figure III.
Figure IV.
Figure V.
Figure VI.
Figure VII.
Figure VIII.
Figure IX.
Figure X.
Figure XI.
Figure XII.
Figure XIII.
Figure XIV.
Figure XV.
Figure XVI.
Figure XVII.
Figure XVIII.
Figure XIX.
Figure XX.
Figure XXI.
Figure XXII.
Figure XXIII.
Figure XXIV.
Figure XXV.
Figure XXVI.
Figure XXVII.
Figure XXVIII.
Figure XXIX.
Figure XXX.
Figure XXXI.
Figure XXXII.
Figure XXXIII.
Figure XXXIV.
Figure XXXV.
Figure XXXVI.
Figure XXXVII.
Figure XXXVIII.
Figure XXXIX.
Figure XL.
Figure XLI.
Figure XLII.
Figure XLIII.
Figure XLIV.
Figure XLV.
Figure XLVI.
Figure XLVII.
Figure XLVIII.
Figure XLIX.
Figure L.
Figure LI.
Figure LII.
Figure LIII.
Figure LIV.
Figure LV.
Figure LVI.
Figure LVII.
Figure LVIII.
Figure LIX.
Figure LX.
Figure LXI.
Figure LXII.
Figure LXIII.
Figure LXIV.
Figure LXV.
Figure LXVI.
Figure LXVII.
Figure LXVIII.
Figure LXIX.
Figure LXX.
Figure LXXI.
Figure LXXII.
Figure LXXIII.
Figure LXXIV.
Figure LXXV.
Figure LXXVI.
Figure LXXVII.
Figure LXXVIII.
Figure LXXIX.
Figure LXXX.
Figure LXXXI, 1.
Figure LXXXI, 2.
Figure LXXXII.
Figure LXXXIII.
Index
Contents