Research methods in ecology
Transcriber’s Note:
New original cover art included with this eBook is granted to the public domain.
FREDERIC EDWARD CLEMENTS, Ph.D.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA
ILLUSTRATED
LINCOLN, NEBRASKA
The University Publishing Company
1905
Copyright, 1905
By FREDERIC E. CLEMENTS AND IRVING S. CUTTER
All rights reserved
Press of Jacob North & Company
Frederic E. Clements
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PREFACE
CONTENTS
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
PRESENT STATUS OF ECOLOGY
APPLICATIONS OF ECOLOGY
CHAPTER II. THE HABITAT
Concept and Analysis
Classification of Factors
The Determination of Factors
Instrumentation
Construction and Use of Instruments
WATER-CONTENT
HUMIDITY
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE
PRECIPITATION
WIND
SOIL
PHYSIOGRAPHY
BIOTIC FACTORS
THE METHOD OF SIMPLE INSTRUMENTS
METHOD OF ECOGRAPH BATTERIES
THE EXPRESSION OF PHYSICAL FACTOR RESULTS
GENERAL RELATIONS
HYDROHARMOSE
PHOTOHARMOSE
METHOD OF NATURAL EXPERIMENT
METHOD OF HABITAT CULTURES
METHOD OF CONTROL CULTURES
QUADRATS
TRANSECTS
ECOTONE CHARTS
THE MIGRATION CIRCLE
CARTOGRAPHY
PHOTOGRAPHY
FORMATION AND SUCCESSION HERBARIA
ASSOCIATION
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORMATION
INVASION
SUCCESSION
THE STRUCTURE OF THE FORMATION
ZONATION
ALTERNATION
THE FORMATION IN DETAIL
CLASSIFICATION AND RELATIONSHIP
Experimental Vegetation
METHOD OF NATURAL HABITATS
METHOD OF ARTIFICIAL HABITATS
METHOD OF CONTROL HABITATS
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
