The English Village Community / Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry; An Essay in Economic History (Reprinted from the Fourth Edition)
The Project Gutenberg eBook, The English Village Community, by Frederic Seebohm
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE
WORKS BY FREDERIC SEEBOHM.
THE OXFORD REFORMERS— John Colet, Erasmus, and Thomas More : a History of their Fellow-Work. 8vo. 4 s. 6 d. net.
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THE ENGLISH VILLAGE COMMUNITY: Examined in its Relations to the Manorial and Tribal Systems and to the Common or Open Field System of Husbandry. An Essay in Economic History. With 13 Maps and Plates. 8vo. 4 s. 6 d. net.
CUSTOMARY ACRES AND THEIR HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE, being a Series of Unfinished Essays. 8vo. 12 s. 6 d. net.
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Reduced Tracing of the Tithe Map of Hitchin Township about 1816, together with a Hand Map of pieces belonging to W. Lucas Esq re about 1750, and an Enlarged Plan of the normal acre strips in the open fields afterwards adopted as the statute acre.
THE ENGLISH VILLAGE COMMUNITY EXAMINED IN ITS RELATIONS TO THE MANORIAL AND TRIBAL SYSTEMS AND TO THE COMMON OR OPEN FIELD SYSTEM OF HUSBANDRY
AN ESSAY IN ECONOMIC HISTORY
Frederic Seebohm
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I. THE DISTINCTIVE MARKS OF THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM.
II. SCATTERED AND INTERMIXED OWNERSHIP IN THE OPEN FIELDS.
III. THE OPEN FIELDS WERE THE COMMON FIELDS OF A VILLAGE COMMUNITY OR TOWNSHIP UNDER A MANOR.
IV. THE WIDE PREVALENCE OF THE SYSTEM THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN.
CHAPTER I. FOOTNOTES.
II. THE WINSLOW MANOR ROLLS OF THE REIGN OF EDWARD III.—EXAMPLE OF A VIRGATE OR YARD-LAND.
III. THE HUNDRED ROLLS OF EDWARD I., EMBRACING FIVE MIDLAND COUNTIES.
EXAMPLES OF VILLEIN SERVICES.
VI. DESCRIPTION IN FLETA OF A MANOR IN THE TIME OF EDWARD I.
VII. S.E. OF ENGLAND—THE HIDE AND VIRGATE UNDER OTHER NAMES (THE RECORDS OF BATTLE ABBEY AND ST. PAUL'S).
VIII. THE RELATION OF THE VIRGATE TO THE HIDE TRACED IN THE CARTULARIES OF GLOUCESTER AND WORCESTER ABBEYS, AND THE CUSTUMAL OF BLEADON, IN SOMERSETSHIRE.
VILLEIN SERVICES.
IX. CARTULARIES OF NEWMINSTER AND KELSO (XIII. CENTURY)—THE CONNEXION OF THE HOLDINGS WITH THE COMMON PLOUGH TEAM OF EIGHT OXEN.
X. THE BOLDON BOOK, A.D. 1183.
XII. SUMMARY OF THE POST-DOMESDAY EVIDENCE.
CHAPTER II. FOOTNOTES.
I. THERE WERE MANORS EVERYWHERE.
II. THE DIVISION OF THE MANOR INTO LORD'S DEMESNE AND LAND IN VILLENAGE.
III. THE FREE TENANTS ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE.
IV. THE CLASSES OF TENANTS IN VILLENAGE.
V. THE VILLANI WERE HOLDERS OF VIRGATES, ETC.
VI. THE HOLDINGS OF THE BORDARII OR COTTIERS.
VII. THE DOMESDAY SURVEY OF THE VILLA OF WESTMINSTER.
VIII. THE EXTENT OF THE CULTIVATED LAND OF ENGLAND, AND HOW MUCH WAS INCLUDED IN THE YARD-LANDS OF THE VILLANI.
CHAPTER III. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE VILLAGE FIELDS UNDER SAXON RULE WERE OPEN FIELDS.
II. THE HOLDINGS WERE COMPOSED OF SCATTERED STRIPS.
III. THE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM OF CO-ARATION DESCRIBED IN THE ANCIENT LAWS OF WALES.
CHAPTER IV. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE SAXON 'HAMS' AND 'TUNS' WERE MANORS WITH VILLAGE COMMUNITIES IN SERFDOM UPON THEM.
II. THE RECTITUDINES SINGULARUM PERSONARUM.
III. THE THANE AND HIS SERVICES.
IV. THE GENEATS AND THEIR SERVICES.
V. THE DOUBLE AND ANCIENT CHARACTER OF THE SERVICES OF THE GEBUR—GAFOL AND WEEK-WORK.
VI. SERFDOM ON A MANOR of KING EDWY.
VII. SERFDOM ON A MANOR OF KING ALFRED.
VIII. THE THEOWS OR SLAVES ON THE LORD'S DEMESNE.
IX. THE CREATION OF NEW MANORS.
X. THE LAWS OF KING ETHELBERT—THERE WERE MANORS IN THE SIXTH CENTURY.
XI. RESULT OF THE SAXON EVIDENCE.
CHAPTER V. FOOTNOTES.
I. EVIDENCE OF THE DOMESDAY SURVEY.
II. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM IN THE TWELFTH CENTURY.
III. THE WELSH LAND SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE WELSH LAWS.
IV. LAND DIVISIONS UNDER THE WELSH CODES.
V. EARLIER EVIDENCE OF THE PAYMENT OF WELSH GWESTVA, OR FOOD-RENT.
CHAPTER VI. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN IRELAND AND SCOTLAND.
II. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM IN ITS EARLIER STAGES.
III. THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE TRIBAL AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY OF THE WEST AND SOUTH-EAST OF BRITAIN WAS PRE-ROMAN, AND SO ALSO WAS THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM.
CHAPTER VII. FOOTNOTES.
I. IMPORTANCE OF THE CONTINENTAL EVIDENCE.
II. THE CONNEXION BETWEEN THE SAXON 'HAM,' THE GERMAN 'HEIM,' AND THE FRANKISH 'VILLA.'
III. THE ROMAN 'VILLA,' ITS EASY TRANSITION INTO THE LATER MANOR, AND ITS TENDENCY TO BECOME THE PREDOMINANT TYPE OF ESTATE.
IV. THE SMALLER TENANTS ON THE AGER PUBLICUS IN ROMAN PROVINCES—THE VETERANS.
VI. THE 'TRIBUTUM' OF THE LATER EMPIRE.
VII. THE 'SORDIDA MUNERA' OF THE LATER EMPIRE.
VIII. THE TENDENCY TOWARDS A MANORIAL MANAGEMENT OF THE 'AGER PUBLICUS,' OR IMPERIAL DOMAIN.
IX. THE SUCCESSION TO SEMI-SERVILE HOLDINGS; AND METHODS OF CULTIVATION.
X. THE TRANSITION FROM THE ROMAN TO THE LATER MANORIAL SYSTEM.
CHAPTER VIII. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE GERMAN TRIBAL SYSTEM, AND ITS TENDENCY TOWARDS THE MANORIAL SYSTEM.
II. THE TRIBAL HOUSEHOLDS OF GERMAN SETTLERS.
CHAPTER IX. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE OPEN-FIELD SYSTEM IN ENGLAND AND IN GERMANY COMPARED.
II. THE BOUNDARIES, OR 'MARCHÆ.'
III. THE THREE FIELDS, OR 'ZELGEN.'
IV. THE DIVISION OF THE FIELDS INTO FURLONGS AND ACRES.
V. THE HOLDINGS—THE YARD-LAND OR HUB.
VI. THE HIDE, THE HOF, AND THE CENTURIA.
VII. THE GAFOL AND GAFOL-YRTH.
VIII. THE BOON-WORK AND WEEK-WORK OF THE SERF.
IX. THE CREATION OF SERFS AND THE GROWTH OF SERFDOM.
X. THE CONFUSION IN THE STATUS OF THE TENANTS ON ENGLISH AND GERMAN MANORS.
XI. RESULT OF THE COMPARISON.
CHAPTER X. FOOTNOTES.
I. THE METHOD OF THE ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS.
II. LOCAL EVIDENCE OF CONTINUITY BETWEEN ROMAN AND ENGLISH VILLAGES.
III. CONCLUSION.
CHAPTER XI. FOOTNOTES.
