Pioneers in Canada
The Project Gutenberg eBook, Pioneers in Canada, by Sir Harry Johnston, Illustrated by E. Wallcousins
G.C.M.G., K.C.B.
WITH EIGHT COLOURED ILLUSTRATIONS BY E. WALLCOUSINS
The Pioneer Library A standard series by Sir Harry Johnston. Tastefully bound. Pioneers in Australasia . Pioneers in Canada . Pioneers in South Africa . Pioneers in West Africa . Pioneers in Tropical America . Pioneers in India .
I have been asked to write a series of works which should deal with real adventures , in parts of the world either wild and uncontrolled by any civilized government, or at any rate regions full of dangers, of wonderful discoveries; in which the daring and heroism of white men (and sometimes of white women) stood out clearly against backgrounds of unfamiliar landscapes, peopled with strange nations, savage tribes, dangerous beasts, or wonderful birds. These books would again and again illustrate the first coming of the white race into regions inhabited by people of a different type, with brown, black, or yellow skins; how the European was received, and how he treated these races of the soil which gradually came under his rule owing to his superior knowledge, weapons, wealth, or powers of persuasion. The books were to tell the plain truth, even if here and there they showed the white man to have behaved badly, or if they revealed the fact that the American Indian, the Negro, the Malay, the black Australian was sometimes cruel and treacherous.
A request thus framed was almost equivalent to asking me to write stories of those pioneers who founded the British Empire; in any case, the first volumes of this series do relate the adventures of those who created the greater part of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, by their perilous explorations of unknown lands and waters. In many instances the travellers were all unconscious of their destinies, of the results which would arise from their actions. In some cases they would have bitterly railed at Fate had they known that the result of their splendid efforts was to be the enlargement of an empire under the British flag. Perhaps if they could know by now that we are striving under that flag to be just and generous to all types of men, and not to use our empire solely for the benefit of English-speaking men and women, the French who founded the Canadian nation, the Germans and Dutch who helped to create British Africa, Malaysia, and Australia, the Spaniards who preceded us in the West Indies, and the Portuguese in West, Central, and East Africa, in Newfoundland and Ceylon, might—if they have any consciousness or care for things in this world—be not so sorry after all that we are reaping where they sowed.
Harry Johnston
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PIONEERS IN CANADA
PREFACE
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
List of the Chief Authorities
CHAPTER I
The White Man's Discovery of North America
CHAPTER II
Jacques Cartier
CHAPTER III
Elizabethan Pioneers in North America
CHAPTER IV
Champlain and the Foundation of Canada
CHAPTER V
After Champlain: from Montreal to the Mississippi
CHAPTER VI
The Geographical Conditions of the Canadian Dominion
CHAPTER VII
The Amerindians and Eskimo: the Aborigines of British North America
CHAPTER VIII
The Hudson Bay Explorers and the British Conquest of all Canada
CHAPTER IX
The Pioneers from Montreal: Alexander Henry the Elder
CHAPTER X
Samuel Hearne
CHAPTER XI
Alexander Mackenzie's Journeys
CHAPTER XII
Mackenzie's Successors