Nuclear Clocks / Revised
The Understanding the Atom Series
Nuclear Energy is playing a vital role in the life of every man, woman, and child in the United States today. In the years ahead it will affect increasingly all the peoples of the earth. It is essential that all Americans gain an understanding of this vital force if they are to discharge thoughtfully their responsibilities as citizens and if they are to realize fully the myriad benefits that nuclear energy offers them.
The United States Atomic Energy Commission provides this booklet to help you achieve such understanding.
Edward J. Brunenkant, Director Division of Technical Information
UNITED STATES ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, Chairman
James T. Ramey
Wilfrid E. Johnson
Francesco Costagliola
by Henry Faul
United States Atomic Energy Commission Division of Technical Information Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-60195 1966; 1968(Rev.)
A 14,000-year-old burial site being uncovered in the area of the Aswan Reservoir in Sudan. To determine the age of such ancient remains, archaeologists search for every scrap of associated wood or charcoal that could be used for age measurement of carbon-14, one of the “nuclear clocks” described in this booklet.
Henry Faul
Nuclear Clocks
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF NUCLEAR AGE DETERMINATION
THE CARBON-14 CLOCK
Carbon-14 Counting
Carbon-14 Results
THE LONG-LIVED CLOCKS
The Rubidium-Strontium Clock
The Uranium Fission Clock
Plumbology
THE AGE OF THE EARTH
Analytical Techniques
Minerals That Can Be Dated
SOME INTERESTING RESULTS
The Old Man from Olduvai
The Geologic Time Scale
Precambrian Stratigraphy
AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
GLOSSARY
SUGGESTED REFERENCES
Books
Articles
PHOTO CREDITS
Footnotes
Transcriber’s Notes