London Labour and the London Poor, Vol. 2
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A Cyclopædia of the Condition and Earnings OF THOSE THAT WILL WORK THOSE THAT CANNOT WORK, AND THOSE THAT WILL NOT WORK
BY HENRY MAYHEW
THE LONDON STREET-FOLK COMPRISING STREET SELLERS · STREET BUYERS · STREET FINDERS STREET PERFORMERS · STREET ARTIZANS · STREET LABOURERS
WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
VOLUME TWO
THE STREET-FOLK.
LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR. VOL. II.
THE STREET-FOLK. BOOK THE SECOND.
In commencing a new volume I would devote a few pages to the consideration of the import of the facts already collected concerning the London Street-Folk, not only as regards the street-people themselves, but also in connection with the general society of which they form so large a proportion.
The precise extent of the proportion which the Street-Traders bear to the rest of the Metropolitan Population is the first point to be evolved; for the want, the ignorance, and the vice of a street-life being in a direct ratio to the numbers, it becomes of capital importance that we should know how many are seeking to pick up a livelihood in the public thoroughfares. This is the more essential because the Government returns never have given us, and probably never will give us, any correct information respecting it. The Census of 1841 set down the “Hawkers, Hucksters, and Pedlars” of the Metropolis as numbering 2045; and from the inquiries I have made among the street-sellers as to the means taken to obtain a full account of their numbers for the next population return, the Census of 1851 appears likely to be about as correct in its statements concerning the Street Traders and Performers as the one which preceded it.
Henry Mayhew
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
INTRODUCTION.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-Hand Metal Articles.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curtains.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-Hand Glass and Crockery.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-Hand Miscellaneous Articles.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Musical Instruments.
Of the Music “Duffers.”
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-Hand Weapons.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curiosities.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Telescopes and Pocket Glasses.
Of the Street-Sellers of other Miscellaneous Second-Hand Articles.
Of Second-hand Store Shops.
Of the Street-sellers of Second-hand Apparel.
Of the Old Clothes Exchange.
Of the Wholesale Business at the Old Clothes Exchange.
Of the Uses of Second-hand Garments.
Of the Street-Sellers of Petticoat and Rosemary-Lanes.
Rosemary-lane.
Of the Street-Sellers of Men’s Second-hand Clothes.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Boots and Shoes.
Of the Street-Sellers of Old Hats.
Of the Street-Sellers of Women’s Second-hand Apparel.
Of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Furs.
Of the Second-Hand Sellers of Smithfield-market.
Of the former Street-Sellers, “Finders,” Stealers, and Restorers of Dogs.
Of a Dog-“Finder”.—A “Lurker’s” Career.
Of the Present Street-Sellers of Dogs.
Of the Street-Sellers of Sporting Dogs.
Of the Street Sellers of Live Birds.
Of the Bird-Catchers who are Street-Sellers.
Of the Crippled Street Bird-Seller.
Of the Tricks of the Bird-Duffers.
Of the Street-Sellers of Foreign Birds.
Of the Street-Sellers of Birds’-Nests.
Life of a Bird’s-Nest Seller.
Of the Street-Sellers of Squirrels.
Of the Street-Sellers of Leverets, Wild Rabbits, etc.
Of the Street-Sellers of Gold and Silver Fish.
Of the Street-Sellers of Tortoises.
Of the Street-Sellers of Snails, Frogs, Worms, Snakes, Hedgehogs, etc.
Of the Street-Sellers of Coals.
Of the Street-Sellers of Coke.
Of the Street-Sellers of Tan-Turf.
Of the Street-Sellers of Salt.
Of the Street-Sellers of Sand.
Of the Street-Sellers of Shells.
Of the River Beer-Sellers, or Purl-Men.
Income, or “Takings,” of the Street-Sellers of Second-hand Articles.
Of the Street-Buyers of Rags, Broken Metal, Bottles, Glass, and Bones.
Of the “Rag-and-Bottle,” and the “Marine-Store,” Shops.
Of the Buyers of Kitchen-Stuff, Grease, and Dripping.
Of the Street-Buyers of Hare and Rabbit Skins.
Of the Street-Buyers of Waste (Paper).
Of the Street-Buyers of Umbrellas and Parasols.
Of the Trades and Localities of the Street-Jews.
Of the Jew Old-Clothes Men.
Of a Jew Street-Seller.
Of the Jew-Boy Street-Sellers.
Of the Pursuits, Dwellings, Traffic, etc., of the Jew-Boy Street-Sellers.
Of the Street Jewesses and Street Jew-Girls.
Of the Synagogues and the Religion of the Street and other Jews.
Of the Politics, Literature, and Amusements of the Jews.
Of the Charities, Schools, and Education of the Jews.
Of the Funeral Ceremonies, Fasts, and Customs of the Jews.
Of the Jew Street-Sellers of Accordions, and of their Street Musical Pursuits.
Of the Street-Buyers of Hogs’-Wash.
Of the Street-Buyers of Tea-Leaves.
Bone-Grubbers and Rag-Gatherers.
Of the “Pure”-Finders.
Of the Cigar-end Finders.
Of the Old Wood Gatherers.
Of the Dredgers, or River Finders.
Of the Sewer-Hunters.
Of the Mud-Larks.
Of the London Dustmen, Nightmen, Sweeps, and Scavengers.
Of the Dustmen of London.
Of the London Sewerage and Scavengery.
Of the Traffic of London.
Of the Dust and Dirt of the Streets of London.
Of the Street-Dust of London, and the Loss and Injury occasioned by it.
Of the Horse-Dung of the Streets of London.
Of the Mud of the Streets.
Of the Surface-Water of the Streets of London.
Of the Master Scavengers in former Times.
Of the Several Modes and Characteristics of Street-Cleansing.
Of the Contractors for Scavengery.
Of the Working Scavengers under the Contractors.
Of the “Casual Hands” among the Scavagers.
Statement of a “Regular Scavager.”
Of the Influence of Free Trade on the Earnings of the Scavagers.
Of the Street-Sweeping Machine, and the Street-Sweepers employed with it.
Of the Cleansing of the Streets by Pauper Labour.
Of the Street-Orderlies.
Street-Orderlies.—City Surveyor’s Report.
Of the “Jet and Hose” System of Scavaging.
Of the Cost and Traffic of the Streets of London.
Of the Rubbish Carters.
Of Casual Labour in General, and that of the Rubbish-Carters in Particular.
Of the Casual Labourers among the Rubbish-Carters.
The Effects of Casual Labour in General.
Of the Scurf Trade among the Rubbish-Carters.
TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF HOUSES, AT DIFFERENT AVERAGE RENTALS, THROUGHOUT THE METROPOLIS.
Of the Sweepers of Old, and the Climbing Boys.
Of the Chimney-Sweepers of the Present Day.
Of the General Characteristics of the Working Chimney-Sweepers.
Sweeping of the Chimneys of Steam-Vessels.
Of the “Ramoneur” Company.
Of the Brisk and Slack Seasons, and the Casual Trade among the Chimney-Sweepers.
Of the “Leeks” among the Chimney-Sweepers.
Of the Inferior Chimney-Sweepers—the “Knullers” and “Queriers.”
Of the Fires of London.
Of the Sewermen and Nightmen of London.
Of the Means of Removing the Wet House-refuse.
Of the Quantity of Metropolitan Sewage.
Of Ancient Sewers.
Of the Kinds and Characteristics of Sewers.
Of the Subterranean Character of the Sewers.
Of the House-Drainage of the Metropolis as connected with the Sewers.
Of the London Street-Drains.
Of the Length of the London Sewers and Drains.
Of the Cost of Constructing the Sewers and Drains of the Metropolis.
Of the Uses of Sewers as a Means of Subsoil Drainage.
Of the City Sewerage.
Of the Outlets, Ramifications, etc., of the Sewers.
Of the Qualities, etc., of the Sewage.
Of the New Plan of Sewerage.
Of the Management of the Sewers and the late Commissions.
Of the Powers and Authority of the present Commissions of Sewers.
Of the Sewers Rate.
Of the Cleansing of the Sewers—Ventilation.
Of “Flushing” and “Plonging,” and other Modes of Washing the Sewers.
Of the Working Flushermen.
Of the Rats in the Sewers.
Of the Cesspoolage and Nightmen of the Metropolis.
Of the Cesspool System of London.
Of the Cesspool and Sewer System of Paris.
Of the Emptying of the London Cesspools by Pump and Hose.
Statement of a Cesspool-Sewerman.
Of the Present Disposal of the Night-Soil.
Of the Working Nightmen and the Mode of Work.
I.—OF THE ADULT CROSSING-SWEEPERS.
II.—JUVENILE CROSSING-SWEEPERS.
INDEX.
FOOTNOTES
Transcriber's Note
