An Introductory Course of Quantitative Chemical Analysis / With Explanatory Notes
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This Introductory Course of Quantitative Analysis has been prepared to meet the needs of students who are just entering upon the subject, after a course of qualitative analysis. It is primarily intended to enable the student to work successfully and intelligently without the necessity for a larger measure of personal assistance and supervision than can reasonably be given to each member of a large class. To this end the directions are given in such detail that there is very little opportunity for the student to go astray; but the manual is not, the author believes, on this account less adapted for use with small classes, where the instructor, by greater personal influence, can stimulate independent thought on the part of the pupil.
The method of presentation of the subject is that suggested by Professor A.A. Noyes' excellent manual of Qualitative Analysis. For each analysis the procedure is given in considerable detail, and this is accompanied by explanatory notes, which are believed to be sufficiently expanded to enable the student to understand fully the underlying reason for each step prescribed. The use of the book should, nevertheless, be supplemented by classroom instruction, mainly of the character of recitations, and the student should be taught to consult larger works. The general directions are intended to emphasize those matters upon which the beginner in quantitative analysis must bestow special care, and to offer helpful suggestions. The student can hardly be expected to appreciate the force of all the statements contained in these directions, or, indeed, to retain them all in the memory after a single reading; but the instructor, by frequent reference to special paragraphs, as suitable occasion presents itself, can soon render them familiar to the student.
The analyses selected for practice are those comprised in the first course of quantitative analysis at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and have been chosen, after an experience of years, as affording the best preparation for more advanced work, and as satisfactory types of gravimetric and volumetric methods. From the latter point of view, they also seem to furnish the best insight into quantitative analysis for those students who can devote but a limited time to the subject, and who may never extend their study beyond the field covered by this manual. The author has had opportunity to test the efficiency of the course for use with such students, and has found the results satisfactory.
Henry Paul Talbot
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AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE
PREFACE
CONTENTS
PART I. INTRODUCTION
PART II. VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
PART III. GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
APPENDIX
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
ACCURACY AND ECONOMY OF TIME
NOTEBOOKS
REAGENTS
WASH-BOTTLES
TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS
EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS
PART II
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
WEIGHTS
BURETTES
PREPARATION OF A BURETTE FOR USE
READING OF A BURETTE
CALIBRATION OF GLASS MEASURING DEVICES
CALIBRATION OF THE BURETTES
PIPETTES
CALIBRATION OF PIPETTES
FLASKS
GRADUATION OF FLASKS
GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR VOLUMETRIC ANALYSES
STANDARD SOLUTIONS
NORMAL SOLUTIONS
I. NEUTRALIZATION METHODS
GENERAL DISCUSSION
INDICATORS
BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC INDICATORS
PREPARATION OF INDICATOR SOLUTIONS
PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTIONS
COMPARISON OF ACID AND ALKALI SOLUTIONS
STANDARDIZATION OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID
STANDARDIZATION
DETERMINATION OF THE TOTAL ALKALINE STRENGTH OF SODA ASH
DETERMINATION OF THE ACID STRENGTH OF OXALIC ACID
II. OXIDATION PROCESSES
GENERAL DISCUSSION
BICHROMATE PROCESS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IRON
NORMAL SOLUTIONS OF OXIDIZING OR REDUCING AGENTS
PREPARATION OF SOLUTIONS
INDICATOR SOLUTION
COMPARISON OF OXIDIZING AND REDUCING SOLUTIONS
STANDARDIZATION OF POTASSIUM BICHROMATE SOLUTIONS
STANDARDIZATION
DETERMINATION OF IRON IN LIMONITE
DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM IN CHROME IRON ORE
PERMANGANATE PROCESS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IRON
PREPARATION OF A STANDARD SOLUTION
COMPARISON OF PERMANGANATE AND FERROUS SOLUTIONS
STANDARDIZATION OF A POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE SOLUTION
STANDARDIZATION
DETERMINATION OF IRON IN LIMONITE
DETERMINATION OF THE OXIDIZING POWER OF PYROLUSITE
IODIMETRY
PREPARATION OF STANDARD SOLUTIONS
INDICATOR SOLUTION
COMPARISON OF IODINE AND THIOSULPHATE SOLUTIONS
STANDARDIZATION OF SOLUTIONS
DETERMINATION OF COPPER IN ORES
DETERMINATION OF ANTIMONY IN STIBNITE
CHLORIMETRY
DETERMINATION OF THE AVAILABLE CHLORINE IN BLEACHING POWDER
STANDARDIZATION
DETERMINATION OF SILVER IN COIN
PART III
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
GENERAL DIRECTIONS
PRECIPITATION
FUNNELS AND FILTERS
FILTRATION AND WASHING OF PRECIPITATES
DESICCATORS
CRUCIBLES
PREPARATION OF CRUCIBLES FOR USE
IGNITION OF PRECIPITATES
DETERMINATION OF CHLORINE IN SODIUM CHLORIDE
DETERMINATION OF IRON AND OF SULPHUR IN FERROUS AMMONIUM SULPHATE,
DETERMINATION OF IRON
DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR
DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR IN BARIUM SULPHATE
DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORIC ANHYDRIDE IN APATITE
PRECIPITATION OF AMMONIUM PHOSPHOMOLYBDATE
PRECIPITATION OF MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
REPRECIPITATION AND IGNITION OF MAGNESIUM AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE
ANALYSIS OF LIMESTONE
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE
DETERMINATION OF FERRIC OXIDE AND ALUMINIUM OXIDE (WITH MANGANESE)
DETERMINATION OF CALCIUM
DETERMINATION OF MAGNESIUM
DETERMINATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
DETERMINATION OF LEAD, COPPER, IRON, AND ZINC IN BRASS
DETERMINATION OF COPPER AND LEAD
DETERMINATION OF IRON
DETERMINATION OF ZINC
DETERMINATION OF SILICA IN SILICATES
PREPARATION OF THE SAMPLE
FUSION AND SOLUTION
DEHYDRATION AND FILTRATION
IGNITION AND TESTING OF SILICA
PART IV
PROBLEMS
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS
APPENDIX
ELECTROLYTIC DISSOCIATION THEORY
THE FOLDING OF A FILTER PAPER
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC WEIGHTS
INDEX