Every-day Science: Volume 6. The Conquest of Nature
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
Obvious typographical and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.
More detail can be found at the end of the book.
A PRIMITIVE USE OF THE ANIMAL MACHINE THAT IS STILL IN VOGUE IN MANY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.
(From the painting by J. Didier, in the Musée du Luxembourg , Paris.)
HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS, M.D., L.L.D.
ASSISTED BY
EDWARD H. WILLIAMS, M.D.
VOLUME VI
THE CONQUEST OF NATURE
ILLUSTRATED
Henry Smith Williams
Edward Huntington Williams
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MAN AND NATURE
THE STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION
HOW WORK IS DONE
WHEELS AND PULLEYS
OTHER MEANS OF TRANSMITTING POWER
INCLINED PLANES AND DERRICKS
FRICTION
AVAILABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
THE ANIMAL MACHINE
THE TWO TYPES OF MUSCLES
THE NATURE OF MUSCULAR ACTION
APPLICATIONS OF MUSCULAR ENERGY
THE WHEEL AND AXLE
MODIFIED LEVERS
DOMESTICATED ANIMALS
THE WORK OF AIR AND WATER
SUCTION AND PRESSURE
AIR IN MOTION
INHERENT DEFECTS OF THE WINDMILL
RUNNING WATER
HYDRAULIC POWER
CAPTIVE MOLECULES: THE STORY OF THE STEAM ENGINE
BEGINNINGS OF MODERN DISCOVERY
THOMAS SAVERY'S STEAM PUMP
DENIS PAPIN INVENTS THE PISTON ENGINE
THOMAS NEWCOMEN'S IMPROVED ENGINE
THE COMING OF JAMES WATT
ROTARY MOTION
FINAL IMPROVEMENTS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES
THE SUPREME IMPORTANCE OF WATT
THE PERSONALITY OF JAMES WATT
THE MASTER WORKER
HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM
COMPOUND ENGINES
ROTARY ENGINES
TURBINE ENGINES
GAS AND OIL ENGINES
THE SMALLEST WORKERS
FRANKLIN'S ONE-FLUID THEORY
MODERN VIEWS
HOW ELECTRICITY IS DEVELOPED
THE WORK OF THE DYNAMICAL CURRENT
THEORIES OF ELECTRICAL ACTION
PRACTICAL USES OF ELECTRICITY
MAN'S NEWEST CO-LABORER: THE DYNAMO
THE MECHANISM OF THE DYNAMO
THE ORIGIN OF THE DYNAMO
PERFECTING THE DYNAMO
A MYSTERIOUS MECHANISM
NIAGARA IN HARNESS
WITHIN THE POWER-HOUSE
PENSTOCKS AND TURBINES
A MIRACULOUS TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY
SUBTERRANEAN TAIL-RACES
THE EFFECT ON THE FALLS
THE TRANSMISSION OF POWER
"STEP UP" AND "STEP DOWN" TRANSFORMERS
THE BANISHMENT OF NIGHT
PRIMITIVE TORCH AND OPEN LAMP
TALLOW CANDLE AND PERFECTED OIL LAMP
GAS LIGHTING
THE INCANDESCENT GAS MANTLE
THE INTRODUCTION OF ACETYLENE GAS
THE TRIUMPH OF ELECTRICITY
DAVY AND THE FIRST ELECTRIC LIGHT
THE JABLOCHKOFF CANDLE
THE IMPROVED ARC LIGHT
EDISON AND THE INCANDESCENT LAMP
THE TUNGSTEN LAMP
THE MERCURY-VAPOR LIGHT OF PETER COOPER HEWITT
THE MINERAL DEPTHS
CONDITIONS TO BE CONSIDERED IN MINING
ELECTRIC MACHINERY IN MINING
TRACTION IN MINING
ELECTRIC MINING PUMPS
ELECTRICITY IN COAL MINING
ELECTRIC LIGHTING OF MINES
THE AGE OF STEEL
THE LAKE SUPERIOR MINES
FROM MINE TO FURNACE
THE CONVERSION OF IRON ORE INTO IRON AND STEEL
SIR HENRY BESSEMER
OPEN-HEARTH METHOD
ALLOY STEELS
SOME RECENT TRIUMPHS OF APPLIED SCIENCE
NITROGEN FROM THE AIR
ANOTHER METHOD OF NITROGEN FIXATION
ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND HIGH TEMPERATURES
OTHER INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS OF TO-DAY AND TO-MORROW
