The story of the Congo Free State
Social, Political, and Economic Aspects of the Belgian System of Government in Central Africa
Henry Wellington Wack, F.R.G.S.
(Member of the New York Bar)
With 125 Illustrations and Maps
G. P. Putnam’s Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press 1905
Copyright, 1905 BY HENRY WELLINGTON WACK The Knickerbocker Press, New York
As a student of Mid-African affairs for the past seven years, and a close observer of the rapid progress toward complete civilisation now being made in that part of the world, I have felt it my duty to lay before my countrymen the true and complete story of the conception, formation, and development of the Congo Free State.
At a period of such bitter controversy concerning the government of the Congo Free State as the present, it is necessary that I should explain the circumstances under which I add this volume to the literature of that subject.
During a residence of several years in the United Kingdom, I could not fail to observe the growth there of an organised campaign against the Congo Free State. That a small section of the British public, interested in the rubber trade, should by subtle means seek to delude or should even succeed in deluding, the great British nation so completely as to obtain general credence for its stories of cruelty and oppression alleged against King Leopold’s government failed to move me. It was not my concern, while enjoying the hospitality of England, to criticise the way in which her religious organisations were being used to further the selfish aims of a small clique of Liverpool merchants. But when, within the past year, I perceived that the campaign of calumny against the Congo Free State was being extended to the United States, I could not longer regard the phenomenon with a merely passive interest. It occurred to me that my knowledge of Mid-African affairs might enable me to place before the American people a complete statement of the actual facts of the Congo Free State, and that my self-imposed task could not fail to be of value at a time when interested partisans were endeavouring to deceive them.
Henry Wellington Wack
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PREFACE
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
MAPS.
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JUSTICE—NATIVE CHIEFTAINCIES
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
NATIVE CHIEFTAINCIES
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POSTAL SERVICE
TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE SERVICE
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APPENDIX
TREATY OF VIVI
TREATY OF MANYANGA
TREATY OF LEOPOLDVILLE
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
THE FREE NAVIGATION OF THE CONGO
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ARGUMENT OF PROFESSOR ÉGIDE ARNTZ
I
II
OTHER AUTHORITIES CITED
ANOTHER MANNER OF ACQUIRING THE SOVEREIGNTY OF A FREE COUNTRY
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GENERAL ACT OF THE BERLIN CONFERENCE
DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL ACT OF THE BRUSSELS CONFERENCE, JULY 2, 1890
TREATY OF AMITY, COMMERCE, AND NAVIGATION
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OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE CONGO FREE STATE AND GREAT BRITAIN
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CONCESSIONAIRES, PRIVATE FIRMS, AND COMMERCIAL TRADING COMPANIES IN THE CONGO FREE STATE
PRINCIPAL CONGO OFFICIALS IN BRUSSELS, CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION
INDEX
Transcriber’s Notes