An Introduction to the History of Western Europe
Transcriber's Note:
Inconsistent punctuation and spelling in the original have been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. Click on colored maps to see a larger version.
PAGE FROM AN ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT
BY JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON Professor of History in Columbia University
History is no easy science; its subject, human society, is infinitely complex. Fustel de Coulanges
GINN & COMPANY BOSTON · NEW YORK · CHICAGO · LONDON
Entered at Stationers' Hall Copyright, 1902, 1903 BY JAMES HARVEY ROBINSON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 612.1
The Athenæum Press
GINN & COMPANY · PROPRIETORS · BOSTON · U.S.A.
In introducing the student to the history of the development of European culture, the problem of proportion has seemed to me, throughout, the fundamental one. Consequently I have endeavored not only to state matters truly and clearly but also to bring the narrative into harmony with the most recent conceptions of the relative importance of past events and institutions. It has seemed best, in an elementary treatise upon so vast a theme, to omit the names of many personages and conflicts of secondary importance which have ordinarily found their way into our historical text-books. I have ventured also to neglect a considerable number of episodes and anecdotes which, while hallowed by assiduous repetition, appear to owe their place in our manuals rather to accident or mere tradition than to any profound meaning for the student of the subject.
The space saved by these omissions has been used for three main purposes. Institutions under which Europe has lived for centuries, above all the Church, have been discussed with a good deal more fullness than is usual in similar manuals. The life and work of a few men of indubitably first-rate importance in the various fields of human endeavor—Gregory the Great, Charlemagne, Abelard, St. Francis, Petrarch, Luther, Erasmus, Voltaire, Napoleon, Bismarck—have been treated with care proportionate to their significance for the world. Lastly, the scope of the work has been broadened so that not only the political but also the economic, intellectual, and artistic achievements of the past form an integral part of the narrative.
James Harvey Robinson
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PREFACE
LIST OF MAPS
FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS
INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF WESTERN EUROPE
CHAPTER I
THE HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW
CHAPTER II
WESTERN EUROPE BEFORE THE BARBARIAN INVASIONS
CHAPTER III
THE GERMAN INVASIONS AND THE BREAK-UP OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
CHAPTER IV
THE RISE OF THE PAPACY
CHAPTER V
THE MONKS AND THE CONVERSION OF THE GERMANS
CHAPTER VI
CHARLES MARTEL AND PIPPIN
CHAPTER VII
CHARLEMAGNE
CHAPTER VIII
THE DISRUPTION OF CHARLEMAGNE'S EMPIRE
CHAPTER IX
FEUDALISM
CHAPTER X
THE DEVELOPMENT OF FRANCE
CHAPTER XI
ENGLAND IN THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER XII
GERMANY AND ITALY IN THE TENTH AND ELEVENTH CENTURIES
CHAPTER XIII
THE CONFLICT BETWEEN GREGORY VII AND HENRY IV
CHAPTER XIV
THE HOHENSTAUFEN EMPERORS AND THE POPES
CHAPTER XV
THE CRUSADES
CHAPTER XVI
THE MEDIÆVAL CHURCH AT ITS HEIGHT
CHAPTER XVII
HERESY AND THE FRIARS
CHAPTER XVIII
THE PEOPLE IN COUNTRY AND TOWN
CHAPTER XIX
THE CULTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES
CHAPTER XX
THE HUNDRED YEARS' WAR
CHAPTER XXI
THE POPES AND THE COUNCILS
CHAPTER XXII
THE ITALIAN CITIES AND THE RENAISSANCE
CHAPTER XXIII
EUROPE AT THE OPENING OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
CHAPTER XXIV
GERMANY BEFORE THE PROTESTANT REVOLT
CHAPTER XXV
MARTIN LUTHER AND HIS REVOLT AGAINST THE CHURCH
CHAPTER XXVI
CHAPTER XXVII
THE PROTESTANT REVOLT IN SWITZERLAND AND ENGLAND
CHAPTER XXVIII
THE CATHOLIC REFORMATION—PHILIP II
CHAPTER XXIX
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR
CHAPTER XXX
STRUGGLE IN ENGLAND FOR CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER XXXI
THE ASCENDENCY OF FRANCE UNDER LOUIS XIV
CHAPTER XXXII
RISE OF RUSSIA AND PRUSSIA
CHAPTER XXXIII
THE EXPANSION OF ENGLAND
CHAPTER XXXIV
THE EVE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
CHAPTER XXXV
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
CHAPTER XXXVI
THE FIRST FRENCH REPUBLIC
CHAPTER XXXVII
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE
CHAPTER XXXVIII
EUROPE AND NAPOLEON
CHAPTER XXXIX
EUROPE AFTER THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA
CHAPTER XL
THE UNIFICATION OF ITALY AND GERMANY
CHAPTER XLI
EUROPE OF TO-DAY
INDEX
FOOTNOTES:
ANNOUNCEMENTS
TRENHOLME'S SYLLABI