The Civil War
by JAMES I. ROBERTSON, JR.
Washington 25, D. C. U. S. Civil War Centennial Commission 1963
Alma E. Anderson, Social Studies Department, Robert E. Lee Junior High School, Danville, Va. E. Merton Coulter, Professor-Emeritus of History, University of Georgia, Athens William M. Grant, History Department, Upper Arlington High School, Columbus, O. Richard Harwell, Librarian, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me. William B. Hesseltine, Professor of History, University of Wisconsin, Madison Daniel W. Hollis, Professor of History, University of South Carolina, Columbia Stanley F. Horn, Chairman, Tennessee Civil War Centennial Commission, Nashville William M. Lamers, Assistant Superintendent, Milwaukee Public Schools A. B. Moore, Professor-Emeritus of History, University of Alabama, University Allan Nevins, Chairman, U. S. Civil War Centennial Commission, San Marino, Cal. Mary G. Oliver, History Department, George Washington High School, Danville, Va. Glenn A. Rich, Director, Division of Elementary and Secondary Education, Ohio Department of Education, Columbus Bell I. Wiley, Professor of History, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. T. Harry Williams, Professor of History, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge Hazel C. Wolf, History Department, Manual High School, Peoria, Ill.
Thousands of student requests for information on the Civil War prompted the publication of this booklet. Its purpose is to present in simple language a survey of the eleven most popular aspects of the 1861-1865 conflict. This guide is intended as a supplement, not a substitute, for American history textbooks.
Space limitations prevented mention of each of the 6,000 engagements of the Civil War. Thus, while such actions as the battle of Picacho Pass, Ariz., and Quantrill’s sacking of Lawrence, Kan., had import for their particular locales, they of necessity had to be omitted. In those battles herein discussed, statistics for armies and losses are those generally accepted. The map midway in the booklet may help familiarize the student with the various theaters of military operations. After each section is a list of works recommended for those who desire more detailed information on the subject.
James I. Robertson
THE CIVIL WAR
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD
FOREWORD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
II. ADVANTAGES OF NORTH AND SOUTH
SUGGESTED READINGS
III. MILITARY CAMPAIGNS
1861
1862 IN THE WEST
1862 IN THE EAST
1863 IN THE WEST
1863 IN THE EAST
1864
1865
SUGGESTED READINGS
IV. LOSSES
SUGGESTED READINGS
V. NAVIES
SUGGESTED READINGS
VI. DIPLOMACY
SUGGESTED READINGS
VII. PRISONS AND PRISONERS OF WAR
SUGGESTED READINGS
VIII. ARMS
ARTILLERY
SMALL ARMS
SUGGESTED READINGS
IX. LEADERS
SUGGESTED READINGS
X. THE COMMON SOLDIERS
SUGGESTED READINGS
XI. THE WAR’S LEGACY
XII. SUGGESTED TOPICS FOR FURTHER DISCUSSION
U. S. CIVIL WAR CENTENNIAL COMMISSION
Transcriber’s Notes