Handbook of Alabama Archaeology: Part I, Point Types
Edited by DAVID L. DEJARNETTE
SPONSORED by
PUBLISHED BY The Archaeological Research Association of Alabama Inc.
Part I Point Types
FIRST PRINTING NOVEMBER 1964 SECOND PRINTING AUGUST 1965 THIRD PRINTING OCTOBER 1969 REVISED NOVEMBER 1975
For many years there has been a need in the Southeast for a workable system of projectile point classification. Any number of people working in archaeology have attempted various taxonomic schemes from time to time in response to this long felt need. In the past, most of these systems of classification have been based on certain look-alike characteristics, with an utter disregard for the cultural provenience of the objects being classified. Archaeology has been reasonably successful in its classification of pottery. Great progress has been made during the past three decades in unravelling the prehistory of the various ceramic cultures in our area. During this same period, however, very little has been ascertained about the several thousand years of pre-ceramic occupations of which the major cultural determinants and diagnostic traits are stone implements, chiefly projectile points of flint.
Tom and Madeline Kneberg Lewis, with the help of interested amateurs within the Tennessee Valley, took the first steps in the ordering of projectile points and other flint artifacts and made plans for the publication of a point type handbook. The retirement in 1961 of Tom and Madeline Lewis halted this project. James W. Cambron, a collaborator and chief contributor to the Lewises' proposed publication, continued his interest and undertook, with the help of David Hulse, the job of producing this handbook.
We have had the pleasure during the past of working very closely with Cambron and Hulse. We have observed how painstaking and careful they are in their evaluations and how they have often refused to place a specimen in a type if all the type attributes were not present. We have also observed in the course of field investigation that, as a result of this taxonomic system, the occurrence of certain types in certain cultural contexts could be predicted with a high degree of accuracy. In other words, this taxonomic system not only allows communication between workers by supplying names for certain classes of artifacts, but it also enables the prehistorian to establish event which took place in time and space. This, after all, is the real test of any artifact taxonomy.
James W. Cambron
David C. Hulse
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Contents
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
Explanation of Code Numbers
INDEX
ABBEY, Hulse (This paper): A-122
ADENA, Bell (Bell, 1958): A-1
ADENA NARROW STEMMED, Cambron (This Paper): A-1-a
AFTON, (Sub-Variety), Bell and Hall (Bell, 1958): A-2
ANGOSTURA, Suhm and Krieger (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-4
APPALACHIAN, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1957): A-5
AUTAUGA, Cambron (This paper): A-123
BAKERS CREEK, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-6
BEACON ISLAND, Allen and Hulse (This Paper): A-131
BEAVER LAKE, Cambron and Hulse (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-7
BENJAMIN Cambron (This paper): A-118
BENTON BROAD STEMMED, Cambron (This Paper): A-9-a
BENTON STEMMED, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-9
BIG SANDY AURICULATE, Cambron (This Paper): A-133
BIG SANDY BROAD BASE, Cambron (This Paper): A-134
BIG SANDY CONTRACTED BASE, Cambron (This Paper): A-132
BIG SLOUGH, Hulse (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-12
BRADLEY SPIKE, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-14
BREWERTON, EARED-NOTCHED, Ritchie (Ritchie, 1961): A-127
BUZZARD ROOST CREEK, Cambron (Cambron, 1958a): A-89
CAMP CREEK, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-16
CANDY CREEK, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-17
CAVE SPRING, Cambron (This Paper): A-126
CLOVIS, (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-19
CLOVIS, UNFLUTED, Soday and Cambron (This Paper): A-19-a
CONERLY, Lively (This Paper): A-135
COOSA, DeJarnette (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Keel, 1973): A-22
COOSA NOTCHED, DeJarnette (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Keel, 1973): A-23
COPENA, Webb and DeJarnette (Kneberg, 1956): A-20
COPENA TRIANGULAR, Webb and DeJarnette (Cambron, 1958b): A-20-a
COTACO CREEK, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-24
CUMBERLAND, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-26
DALTON, COLBERT, Kneberg (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-28
DALTON, GREENBRIER, Kneberg (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-29
DAMRON, Cambron (This Paper): A-83
DECATUR, Cambron (Cambron, 1957): A-31
EBENEZER, Kneberg (This Paper): A-107
ECUSTA, Harwood and Osborne (Harwood, 1958): A-32
ELK RIVER, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-33
ELORA, Cambron (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-34
EVA, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-35
EVANS, Ford and Webb (Ford and Webb, 1956): A-36
FAIRLAND, Kelley (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-137
FLINT CREEK, Cambron (Cambron, 1958b): A-37
FLINT RIVER SPIKE, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-38
FORT ANCIENT, Bell (Bell, 1960): A-39
FRAZIER, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-40
GARTH SLOUGH, Cambron (This Paper): (Formerly classified as Catahoula)
GARY, Newell and Krieger (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-41
GREENBRIER, Kneberg (Lewis and Kneberg, 1960): A-42
GREENEVILLE, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1957): A-43
GUILFORD, Coe (Coe, 1952): A-44
GUILFORD ROUNDED BASE, Cambron (This Paper): A-44-a
GUNTERSVILLE, Cambron (This Paper): A-59
HALIFAX, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-112
HAMILTON, Lewis (Lewis, 1955): A-45
HAMILTON STEMMED, Cambron (This Paper): A-108
HARDAWAY, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-46
HARPETH RIVER, Crabtree (Cambron, 1970): A-130
JACKS REEF CORNER NOTCHED, Ritchie (Ritchie, 1961): A-21
JACKS REEF PENTAGONAL, Ritchie (Ritchie, 1961): A-60a
JEFF, Soday and Cambron (This Paper): A-47
JUDE, Madison-Huntsville Chapter of Alabama Archaeological Society (Madison-Huntsville Chapter of Alabama Archaeological Society, 1961): A-48
KAYS, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-49
KIRK CORNER NOTCHED, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-50
KIRK SERRATED, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-51
KNIGHT ISLAND, Hulse (This Paper): A-21-a
LECROY, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-52
LEDBETTER, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1956): A-53
LERMA POINTED BASE, Termed "Lerma" by MacNeish (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-54
LERMA ROUNDED BASE, Termed "Lerma" by MacNeish (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-55
LIMESTONE, Cambron (This Paper): A-105
LITTLE BEAR CREEK, DeJarnette (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-56
LOST LAKE, Cambron and Hulse (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-27
MADISON, Scully (Scully, 1951): A-60
MAPLES, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-57
McINTIRE, Hulse (This Paper): A-106
McKEAN, Wheeler (Wheeler, 1952): A-103
MONTGOMERY, Cambron (This paper): A-121
MORROW MOUNTAIN, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-61
MORROW MOUNTAIN ROUNDED BASE, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-61-b
MORROW MOUNTAIN STRAIGHT BASE, Cambron (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-61-a
MOTLEY, Haag (Ford, Phillips and Haag, 1955): A-109
MOUNTAIN FORK, Cambron (This Paper): A-114
MUD CREEK, Hulse (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-62
MULBERRY CREEK, DeJarnette (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-63
NEW MARKET, Cambron (This paper): (Formerly classified as Randolph) A-74
NODENA, Chapman and Anderson (Bell, 1958): A-110
NOLICHUCKY, Kneberg (Kneberg, 1957): A-64
OSCEOLA, Ritzenthaler (Ritzenthaler, 1946 and Bell, 1958): A-65
PAINT ROCK VALLEY, Mahan (Cambron, 1958a): A-66
PALMER, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-67
PEDERNALIS, Kelley (Suhm, Krieger and Jelks, 1954): A-68
PICKWICK, DeJarnette (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-69
PINE TREE, Cambron (Cambron, 1956): A-70
PINE TREE CORNER NOTCHED, Cambron (This Paper): A-70-a
PLEVNA, Cambron (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-72
QUAD, Soday and Cambron (Cambron and Waters, 1959a): A-73
REDSTONE, Mahan (This Paper): A-75
RHEEMS CREEK, Cambron (This Paper): A-113
RUSSELL CAVE, Cambron (This paper): A-117
SAND MOUNTAIN, Cambron (This paper): A-119
SAVAGE CAVE, Cambron (Cambron, 1974): A-124
SAVANNAH RIVER, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-5a
SMITHSONIA, Allen and Hulse (This Paper): A-136
SOUTH PRONG CREEK, Lewis (This Paper): A-138
STANFIELD. Cambron and Hulse (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-80
STANLEY, Coe (Coe, 1959): A-79
SUBLET FERRY, Cambron (This Paper): A-115
SWAN LAKE, Cambron and Hulse (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-81
TURKEY TAIL, Scully (Scully, 1951): A-82
WADE, Hulse (Cambron and Hulse, 1960b): A-84
WASHINGTON, Cambron (This Paper): A-13
WASHITA, Bell (Bell, 1958): A-116
WHEELER EXCURVATE, Cambron (Cambron, 1955a and 1957): A-85
WHEELER RECURVATE, Cambron (Cambron, 1955a and 1957): A-86
WHEELER TRIANGULAR, Cambron (Cambron, 1955a and 1957): A-87
WHITE SPRINGS, Hulse (DeJarnette, Kurjack and Cambron, 1962): A-88
PROVISIONAL POINT TYPES
DISTRIBUTION CHART
GLOSSARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
