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PREFACE.

CONTENTS.

List of Illustrations.

MOUNTAINS.

THE ANDES.

CHIMBORAZO.

COTOPAXI.

PICHINCHA.

MOUNT ETNA.

MOUNT VESUVIUS.

MOUNT HECLA.

THE GEYSERS.

THE SULPHUR MOUNTAIN.

MONT BLANC.

THE GLACIERS, OR ICE MASSES.

THE MER DE GLACE.

VIEW FROM THE BUET.

MONTSERRAT.

THE PEAK OF TENERIFFE.

THE SOUFFRIERE MOUNTAIN.

PETER BOTTE’S MOUNTAIN.

KILAUEA.

THE PEAK OF DERBYSHIRE.

ELDEN HOLE.

PEAK CAVERN.

MAM TOR.

THE EBBING AND FLOWING WELL.

ST. ANNE’S WELL.

THE CRYSTALLIZED CAVERN.

SPEEDWELL LEVEL.

THE HIGH TOR.

CHEE TOR.

THE CUMBERLAND CAVERN.

REYNARD’S HOLE.

THE LOVERS’ LEAP.

THE MOORS.

OTHER ENGLISH CURIOSITIES.

MOUNTAINS OF GREAT BRITAIN.

BEN NEVIS.

SNOWDON.

CADER IDRIS.

PENMAN-MAWR.

SKIDDAW.

WHARNSIDE.

STROMBOLI.

LIPARI.

VULCANO.

ASIATIC VOLCANOES.

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS OF KAMTSCHATKA.

VOLCANIC MOUNTAIN OF ALBAY.

ISLANDS WHICH HAVE RISEN FROM THE SEA.

SUBTERRANEAN WONDERS.

THE GROTTA DEL CANE.

GROTTO OF ANTIPAROS.

THE MAMMOTH CAVE.

THE GREAT CAVERN OF GUACHARO.

OTHER GROTTOS AND CAVERNS.

DIAMOND MINES.

QUICKSILVER MINES.

IRON MINES.

COPPER MINES.

TIN MINES.

LEAD MINES.

COAL MINES.

SALT MINES.

SALT MINES OF CRACOW.

SALT MINES AND SPRINGS OF CHESHIRE, ENGLAND.

PHENOMENA OF THE OCEAN.

SALTNESS OF THE SEA.

CONGELATION OF SEA-WATER.

ICE-ISLANDS.

ICEBERGS.

LUMINOUS POINTS IN THE SEA.

TIDES AND CURRENTS.

CATARACTS AND CASCADES

FALLS OF NIAGARA.

FALLS OF THE MONTMORENCI.

THE TUCCOA FALL.

FALLS OF THE MISSOURI.

CATSKILL FALLS.

TRENTON FALLS.

WATERFALL OF SOUTH AFRICA.

CATARACTS OF THE NILE.

CATARACT OF THE MENDER.

SPRINGS AND WELLS.

ST. WINIFRED’S WELL.

WIGAN WELL.

DROPPING WELL AT KNARESBOROUGH.

BROSELEY SPRING.

HOT SPRINGS OF ST. MICHAEL.

HOT SPRINGS OF THE TROAD.

BITUMINOUS AND OTHER LAKES.

PITCH LAKE OF TRINIDAD.

MUD LAKE OF JAVA.

SALT LAKE OF UTAH.

METEORS.

AEROLITES.

AURORA BOREALIS AND AURORA AUSTRALIS.

LUMEN BOREALE, OR STREAMING LIGHTS.

LUMINOUS ARCHES.

IGNES FATUI, OR MOCK FIRES.

SPECTER OF THE BROCKEN.

THE MIRAGE.

FATA MORGANA.

ATMOSPHERICAL REFRACTION.

PARHELIA, OR MOCK SUNS.

LUNAR RAINBOW.

CONCENTRIC RAINBOWS.

THUNDER AND LIGHTNING.

REMARKABLE THUNDER-STORMS.

HAIL-STORMS.

HURRICANES.

THE MONSOONS.

WHIRLWINDS AND WATERSPOUTS.

SOUNDS AND ECHOES.

BURIED CITIES.

THE YANAR, OR PERPETUAL FIRE.

POMPEII.

THE MUSEUM AT NAPLES.

HERCULANEUM.

POMPEII.

THE MUSEUM.

HERCULANEUM.

EARTHQUAKES.

EARTHQUAKES OF ANCIENT TIMES.

EARTHQUAKE IN CALABRIA.

THE GREAT EARTHQUAKE OF 1755.

EARTHQUAKES IN SICILY, AND IN THE TWO CALABRIAS.

EARTHQUAKE IN VENEZUELA.

CONNECTION OF EARTHQUAKES WITH VOLCANOES.

ISLAND OF JAVA.

BASALTIC AND ROCKY WONDERS.

THE GIANT’S CAUSEWAY.

BASALTIC COLUMNS.

NATURAL BRIDGES.

NATURAL BRIDGES OF ICONONZO.

NATURAL BRIDGE IN VIRGINIA.

PRECIPICES AND PROMONTORIES.

BESSELY GHAUT.

THE CAPE OF THE WINDS.

THE NORTH CAPE.

PRECIPICES OF SAN ANTONIA.

GEOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE EARTH.

EXTRANEOUS FOSSILS.

FOSSIL CROCODILES.

LARGE FOSSIL ANIMAL OF MAESTRICHT.

FOSSIL REMAINS OF RUMINANTIA.

FOSSIL REMAINS OF ELEPHANTS.

FOSSIL REMAINS OF THE MASTODON.

FOSSIL REMAINS OF THE RHINOCEROS.

FOSSIL REMAINS OF THE SIBERIAN MAMMOTH.

FOSSIL SHELLS.

SUBTERRANEAN FORESTS.

MOORS, MOSSES AND BOGS.

CORAL REEFS AND ISLANDS.

WIDE AND INHOSPITABLE DESERTS.

ASIATIC DESERTS.

ARABIAN DESERTS.

AFRICAN DESERTS.

PILGRIMAGE ACROSS THE DESERTS.

SANDS OF THE DESERT.

WONDERS OF ART.

THE PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT.

THE TOMBS AT SAKKARA.

THE SPHINX.

PYRAMIDS AND RUINS OF MERAWE.

EGYPTIAN TEMPLES AND MONUMENTS.

POMPEY’S PILLAR AND CLEOPATRA’S NEEDLE.

THE CATACOMBS OF ALEXANDRIA.

BATHING IN THE EAST.

THE RUINS OF THEBES.

LUXOR AND ITS TEMPLE.

KARNAK AND ITS RUINS.

THEBES, AS SEEN IN HISTORY.

THE TEMPLE OF DENDERA.

THE TEMPLES OF HERMONTIS AND OF ESNEH.

ABYDOS, AND THE TEMPLE OF MEMNON.

THE TEMPLES OF ABOU SIMBEL.

THE RIVER NILE.

THE BARRAGE, OR GREAT DAM OF THE NILE.

THE AFRICAN BIRDS’ NEST.

RUINS OF PALMYRA.

RUINS OF BALBEC.

RUINS OF BABYLON.

BABYLONIAN BRICKS.

LATER DISCOVERIES AT BABYLON.

RUINS OF NINEVEH.

THE RUINS OF PERSEPOLIS.

ROYAL PALACE OF ISPAHAN.

THE TEMPLE OF MECCA.

THE HOLY LAND.

JACOB’S WELL.

BETHLEHEM.

NAZARETH.

THE HOLY SEPULCHER AT JERUSALEM.

MOUNT TABOR.

THE MOUNT OF OLIVES.

OTHER REVERED SITES.

MOUNT CARMEL.

MOUNT ARARAT.

WONDERS OF ART RESUMED.

THE MOSQUE OF OMAR.

MOSQUE OF ST. SOPHIA AT CONSTANTINOPLE.

RUINS OF CARTHAGE.

THE PLAIN OF TROY.

ATHENS.

TEMPLES OF ELEPHANTA.

TEMPLES OF SALSETTE.

MAUSOLEUM OF HYDER ALI.

THE TAJE MAHAL.

GREAT WALL OF CHINA.

PORCELAIN TOWER AT NANKIN.

THE SHOEMADOO AT PEGU.

THE LEANING, OR HANGING TOWER OF PISA, IN TUSCANY.

THE COLISEUM AT ROME.

THE PANTHEON.

ROMAN AMPHITHEATER AT NISMES.

TRAJAN’S PILLAR.

COLUMN OF ANTONINE.

MAISON CARRE, AT NISMES.

THE PONT DU GARD.

ANCIENT AQUEDUCT NEAR ROME.

THE ROMAN FORUM.

THE ARCH OF SEVERUS.

THE ARCH OF TITUS.

THE CAPITOL.

THE MUSEUM OF THE CAPITOL.

ST. PETER’S OF ROME.

THE SOIL OF ROME.

EDDYSTONE LIGHT-HOUSE.

BELL ROCK LIGHT-HOUSE.

STONEHENGE.

ROCKING STONES.

THE ROUND TOWERS OF IRELAND.

ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL.

THE FIRST CHURCH IN ENGLAND.

WESTMINSTER ABBEY.

CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME.

STRASBURG CATHEDRAL.

CATHEDRAL OF COLOGNE.

CHURCH OF ST. MARK, AT VENICE.

THE CATHEDRAL OF MILAN.

THE TOWER OF LONDON.

THE BANK OF ENGLAND.

THE MONUMENT.

THE LOUVRE.

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

MADAME TUSSEAU’S MUSEUM.

THE PALACE OF BLENHEIM.

THE PALACE OF VERSAILLES.

THE PALACE OF ST. CLOUD.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE IN NEW YORK.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE IN LONDON.

THE CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON.

THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE.

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT.

THE COLUMN OF VENDOME, PARIS.

THE BUNKER HILL MONUMENT.

THE ARC DE TRIOMPHE.

THE COOPER INSTITUTE.

VERGNAIS’S IMPROVED BRIDGE.

RAILROAD BRIDGE AT PORTAGE, NEW YORK.

THE BRITANNIA TUBULAR BRIDGE.

THE SUSPENSION BRIDGE.

GREAT RAILWAY SUSPENSION BRIDGE AT NIAGARA FALLS.

OTHER IMMENSE BRIDGES.

THE HIGH BRIDGE AT HARLEM.

THE BOSTON RESERVOIR.

AQUEDUCT AT THE PEAT FOREST CANAL.

THE THAMES TUNNEL.

RAILROAD TUNNELS.

THE COLOSSUS AT RHODES.

MISCELLANEOUS WONDERS.

YOULE’S SHOT-TOWER.

THE EMPEROR FOUNTAIN.

THE UNITED STATES MINT IN PHILADELPHIA.

THE AIR BALLOON.

THE PROGRESS OF NAVIGATION.

STEAM NAVIGATION.

CHINESE JUNKS.

THE ARTESIAN WELL OF GRENELLE.

THE BANYAN-TREE.

THE WEDDED BANYAN-TREE.

THE COCOA-TREE.

THE REINDEER SLEDGE.

THE UPAS, OR POISON-TREE.

THE PRAIRIE ON FIRE.

THE MAMMOTH TREE OF CALIFORNIA.

OTHER MAMMOTH TREES.

THE PALM-TREE.

THE BAMBOO-TREE.

THE MANNA-TREE.

CONTINENTAL MONEY.

THE MILK-TREE.

THE TELEGRAPH.

THE ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH.

THE ART OF PRINTING.

THE INDIA-RUBBER TREE.

THE ROUND TOWER AT NEWPORT.

DIVING ARMOR.

TREE-HOUSE IN CAFFRARIA.

THE RAINING-TREE.

THE TRAVELER’S FRIEND.

THE CAMPHOR-TREE.

THE CINNAMON-PLANT.

THE TREE TEMPLE.

THE TERMITES, OR WHITE ANTS.

HUTS IN KAMTSCHATKA.

THE WHALE.

LANDING OF THE PILGRIMS.

PLYMOUTH ROCK.

A WONDER OF ART.

THE WHALE-KILLER.

A PILE OF SERPENTS.

AMERICAN RUINS.

INSECT SLAVERY.