The manufacture of earth colours
Transcriber’s Note
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THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTH COLOURS
BY DR. JOSEF BERSCH
TRANSLATED FROM THE THIRD GERMAN EDITION (AS REVISED BY PROF. DR. WILHELM BERSCH)
BY CHARLES SALTER
WITH THIRTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS
LONDON SCOTT, GREENWOOD & SON 8 BROADWAY, LUDGATE, E.C.4 1921
Printed in Great Britain by Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, PARIS GARDEN, STAMFORD ST., S.E. 1, AND BUNGAY, SUFFOLK.
Originally issued as a volume of the series on pigments and colouring matters by the present author’s father, the necessity for a new edition afforded a welcome opportunity of revising “ Earth Colours .” Although, in the nature of things, little progress has been made in this subject itself, there was a good deal to add in connection with the mechanical appliances for treating the colour earths and manufacturing them into pigments. In other respects, too, the work has been carefully gone through and brought up to date, with new and additional illustrations.
The author desires to express his thanks to the various firms who have afforded him assistance in his task by furnishing illustrations and descriptions of new machinery, together with other information. It is hoped that this third edition will meet the approval of those interested in the subject; and the author will be glad to receive supplementary information to render the work more complete in the event of a future edition being found advisable.
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Bersch.
Josef Bersch
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PREFACE
CONTENTS
(A) White Raw Materials and Pigmentary Earths
(B) Yellow Earths
(C) The Red Earths
(D) Blue Earths
(E) Green Earth Pigments
(F) Brown Earth Pigments
(G) Black Earth
Crushing Machinery
Levigation
Draining and Drying
Crushing and Sifting
Calcining
Mixing and Improving
Moulding
Caustic Lime
Pearl White
Vienna White
Chalk
Precipitated Chalk
Calcareous Marl
Gypsum
Kaolin, Pipeclay
Barytes, or Heavy Spar
Carbonate of Magnesia
Talc
Steatite or Soapstone
The Ochres
Calcining (Burning) Ochre
Ochres from Various Deposits
Artificial Ochres
Ochres as By-Products
Bole
Native Ferric Oxide as a Pigment
Iron Glance
Hematite
Raddle
Burnt Ferric Oxide and Ochres
Ferric Oxide Pigments from Alum Sludge
Terra di Siena
True Umber
Cologne Earth (Cologne Umber)
Asphaltum Brown (Bitumen)
Green Earth, or Celadon Green
Artificial Green Earth (Green Ochre)
Malachite Green
Malachite Blue (Lazulite)
Vivianite
Graphite
Black Chalk
White Earth Colours
Yellow Earth Colours
Red Earth Colours
Brown Earth Colours
Green Earth Colours
Blue Earth Colours
Grey Earth Colours
Black Earth Colours
INDEX
Transcriber’s Notes