How to Speak and Write Correctly
By JOSEPH DEVLIN, M.A.
Edited by THEODORE WATERS
THE CHRISTIAN HERALD BIBLE HOUSE NEW YORK
Copyright, 1910, by THE CHRISTIAN HERALD NEW YORK
In the preparation of this little work the writer has kept one end in view, viz.: To make it serviceable for those for whom it is intended, that is, for those who have neither the time nor the opportunity, the learning nor the inclination, to peruse elaborate and abstruse treatises on Rhetoric, Grammar, and Composition. To them such works are as gold enclosed in chests of steel and locked beyond power of opening. This book has no pretension about it whatever,—it is neither a Manual of Rhetoric, expatiating on the dogmas of style, nor a Grammar full of arbitrary rules and exceptions. It is merely an effort to help ordinary, everyday people to express themselves in ordinary, everyday language, in a proper manner. Some broad rules are laid down, the observance of which will enable the reader to keep within the pale of propriety in oral and written language. Many idiomatic words and expressions, peculiar to the language, have been given, besides which a number of the common mistakes and pitfalls have been placed before the reader so that he may know and avoid them.
The writer has to acknowledge his indebtedness to no one in particular , but to all in general who have ever written on the subject.
The little book goes forth—a finger-post on the road of language pointing in the right direction. It is hoped that they who go according to its index will arrive at the goal of correct speaking and writing.
It is very easy to learn how to speak and write correctly, as for all purposes of ordinary conversation and communication, only about 2,000 different words are required. The mastery of just twenty hundred words, the knowing where to place them, will make us not masters of the English language, but masters of correct speaking and writing. Small number, you will say, compared with what is in the dictionary! But nobody ever uses all the words in the dictionary or could use them did he live to be the age of Methuselah, and there is no necessity for using them.
Joseph Devlin
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I
REQUIREMENTS OF SPEECH
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN A NUTSHELL
DEFINITIONS
THREE ESSENTIALS
CHAPTER II
ESSENTIALS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR
DIVISIONS OF GRAMMAR
LETTERS
SYLLABLES AND WORDS
NOUN
ADJECTIVE
PRONOUN
THE VERB
TENSE
MOOD
TO BE
VOICE
CONJUGATION
CONJUGATION OF "To Love"
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONJUNCTION
INTERJECTION
CHAPTER III
THE SENTENCE
ARRANGEMENT OF WORDS IN A SENTENCE
SENTENCE CLASSIFICATION
THE PARAGRAPH
CHAPTER IV
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
CHAPTER V
PUNCTUATION
CAPITAL LETTERS
CHAPTER VI
LETTER WRITING
THE HEADING
SUBSCRIPTION
ADDRESS
NOTES
FORMAL INVITATIONS
NOTES OF INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER VII
ERRORS
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS OF STANDARD AUTHORS
CHAPTER VIII
PITFALLS TO AVOID
ATTRACTION
ELLIPSIS
THE SPLIT INFINITIVE
ONE
ONLY
ALONE
OTHER AND ANOTHER
AND WITH THE RELATIVE
LOOSE PARTICIPLES
BROKEN CONSTRUCTION
DOUBLE NEGATIVE
FIRST PERSONAL PRONOUN
SEQUENCE OF TENSES
BETWEEN—AMONG
LESS—FEWER
FURTHER—FARTHER
EACH OTHER—ONE ANOTHER
EACH, EVERY, EITHER, NEITHER
NEITHER-NOR
NONE
RISE-RAISE
LAY-LIE
SAYS I—I SAID
IN—INTO
EAT—ATE
SEQUENCE OF PERSON
AM COME—HAVE COME
PAST TENSE—PAST PARTICIPLE
PREPOSITIONS AND THE OBJECTIVE CASE
SUMMON—SUMMONS
UNDENIABLE—UNEXCEPTIONABLE
THE PRONOUNS
THAT FOR SO
THESE—THOSE
THIS MUCH—THUS MUCH
FLEE—FLY
THROUGH—THROUGHOUT
VOCATION AND AVOCATION
WAS—WERE
A OR AN
CHAPTER IX
STYLE
DICTION
PURITY
PROPRIETY
SIMPLICITY
CLEARNESS
UNITY
STRENGTH
HARMONY
EXPRESSIVE OF WRITER
KINDS OF STYLE
CHAPTER X
SUGGESTIONS
CHAPTER XI
SLANG
CHAPTER XII
WRITING FOR NEWSPAPERS
CHAPTER XIII
CHOICE OF WORDS
CHAPTER XIV
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
CHAPTER XV
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