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PREFACE

CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

MAPS

CHAPTER I: THE CIVILISATION OF MEXICO

The Civilisations of the New World

Evidence of Animal and Plant Life

Origin of American Man

Traditions of Intercourse with Asia

Legends of European Intercourse

The Legend of Madoc

American Myths of the Discovery

A Peruvian Prophecy

The Prophecy of Chilan Balam

The Type of Mexican Civilisation

The Mexican Race

Legends of Mexican Migration

The Toltec Upheaval

Artificial Nature of the Migration Myths

Myths of the Toltecs

Legends of Toltec Artistry

The House of Feathers

Huemac the Wicked

The Plagues of the Toltecs

King Acxitl

A Terrible Visitation

Fall of the Toltec State

The Chichimec Exodus

The Disappearance of the Toltecs

Did the Toltecs Exist?

A Persistent Tradition

A Nameless People

Toltec Art

Other Aboriginal Peoples

The Cliff-dwellers

The Nahua Race

The Aculhuaque

The Tecpanecs

The Aztecs

The Aztec Character

Legends of the Foundation of Mexico

Mexico at the Conquest

A Pyramid of Skulls

Nahua Architecture and Ruins

Cyclopean Remains

Teotihuacan

The Hill of Flowers

Tollan

Picture-Writing

Interpretation of the Hieroglyphs

Native Manuscripts

The Interpretative Codices

The Mexican “Book of the Dead”

The Calendar System

The Mexican Year

Lunar Reckoning

Groups of Years

The Dread of the Last Day

The Birth-Cycle

Language of the Nahua

Aztec Science

Nahua Government

Domestic Life

A Mysterious Toltec Book

A Native Historian

Nahua Topography

Distribution of the Nahua Tribes

Nahua History

Bloodless Battles

The Lake Cities

Tezcuco

The Tecpanecs

The Aztecs

The Aztecs as Allies

New Powers

CHAPTER II: MEXICAN MYTHOLOGY

Nahua Religion

Cosmology

The Sources of Mexican Mythology

The Romance of the Lost “Sahagun”

Torquemada

The Worship of One God

Tezcatlipoca

Tezcatlipoca, Overthrower of the Toltecs

Myths of Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca

Tezcatlipoca and the Toltecs

The Departure of Quetzalcoatl

Tezcatlipoca as Doomster

The Teotleco Festival

The Toxcatl Festival

Huitzilopochtli, the War-God

The War-God as Fertiliser

Tlaloc, the Rain-God

Sacrifices to Tlaloc

Quetzalcoatl

The Man of the Sun

Various Forms of Quetzalcoatl

Quetzalcoatl’s Northern Origin

The Worship of Quetzalcoatl

The Maize-Gods of Mexico

The Sacrifice of the Dancer

An Antiquarian Mare’s-Nest

The Offering to Centeotl

Importance of the Food-Gods

Xipe

Nanahuatl, or Nanauatzin

Xolotl

The Fire-God

Mictlan

Worship of the Planet Venus

Sun-Worship

Sustaining the Sun

A Mexican Valhalla

The Feast of Totec

Tepeyollotl

Macuilxochitl, or Xochipilli

Father and Mother Gods

The Pulque-Gods

The Goddesses of Mexico: Metztli

Tlazolteotl

Chalchihuitlicue

Mixcoatl

Camaxtli

Iztlilton

Omacatl

Opochtli

Yacatecutli

The Aztec Priesthood

Priestly Revenues

Education

Orders of the Priesthood

An Exacting Ritual

CHAPTER III: MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE ANCIENT MEXICANS

The Mexican Idea of the Creation

Ixtlilxochitl’s Legend of the Creation

Creation-Story of the Mixtecs

Zapotec Creation-Myth

The Mexican Noah

The Myth of the Seven Caverns

The Sacrificed Princess

The Fugitive Prince

Maxtla the Fierce

A Romantic Escape

A Thrilling Pursuit

The Defeat of Maxtla

The Solon of Anahuac

Nezahualcoyotl’s Theology

The Poet Prince

The Queen with a Hundred Lovers

The Golden Age of Tezcuco

A Fairy Villa

Disillusionment

The Noble Tlascalan

The Haunting Mothers

Papantzin’s Story

CHAPTER IV: THE MAYA RACE AND MYTHOLOGY

The Maya

Were the Maya Toltecs?

The Maya Kingdom

The Maya Dialects

Whence Came the Maya?

Civilisation of the Maya

The Zapotecs

The Huasteca

The Type of Maya Civilisation

Maya History

The Nucleus of Maya Power

Early Race Movements

The Settlement of Yucatan

The Septs of Yucatan

The Cocomes

Flight of the Tutul Xius

The Revolution in Mayapan

Hunac Eel

The Last of the Cocomes

The Maya Peoples of Guatemala

The Maya Tulan

Doubtful Dynasties

The Coming of the Spaniards

The Riddle of Ancient Maya Writing

The Maya Manuscripts

The System of the Writing

Clever Elucidations

Methods of Study

The Maya Numeral System

Mythology of the Maya

Quetzalcoatl among the Maya

An Alphabet of Gods

Difficulties of Comparison

The Conflict between Light and Darkness

The Calendar

Traditional Knowledge of the Gods

Maya Polytheism

The Bat-God

Modern Research

God A

The Maize-God

The Sun-God

“The God with the Ornamented Nose”

The Old Black God

The Travellers’ God

The God of Unlucky Days

The Frog-God

Maya Architecture

Methods of Building

No Knowledge of the Arch

Pyramidal Structures

Definiteness of Design

Architectural Districts

Fascination of the Subject

Mysterious Palenque

An Architectural Curiosity

The Temple of Inscriptions

Aké and Itzamal

The House of Darkness

The Palace of Owls

Itzamna’s Fane

Bearded Gods

A Colossal Head

Chichen-Itza

The Nunnery

The “Writing in the Dark”

Kabah

Uxmal

The Dwarf’s House

The Legend of the Dwarf

The Mound of Sacrifice

The Phantom City

The Horse-God

Copan

Mitla

A Place of Sepulture

An Old Description of Mitla

Human Sacrifice at Mitla

Living Sacrifices

The Cavern of Death

Palace of the High-Priest

Furniture of the Temples

CHAPTER V: MYTHS OF THE MAYA

Mythology of the Maya

The Lost “Popol Vuh”

Genuine Character of the Work

Likeness to other Pseudo-Histories

The Creation-Story

Vukub-Cakix, the Great Macaw

The Earth-Giants

The Undoing of Zipacna

The Discomfiture of Cabrakan

The Second Book

A Challenge from Hades

The Fooling of the Brethren

The Princess Xquiq

The Birth of Hun-Apu and Xbalanque

The Divine Children

The Magic Tools

The Second Challenge

The Tricksters Tricked

The Houses of the Ordeals

The Reality of Myth

The Xibalbans

The Third Book

The Granting of Fire

The Kiche Babel

The Last Days of the First Men

Death of the First Men

American Migrations

Cosmogony of the “Popol Vuh”

Antiquity of the “Popol Vuh”

The Father-Mother Gods

Gucumatz

Hurakan

Hun-Apu and Xbalanque

Vukub-Cakix and his Sons

Metrical Origin of the “Popol Vuh”

Pseudo-History of the Kiche

Queen Móo

The Funeral Chamber

The Frescoes

The Soothsayers

The Royal Bride

Móo’s Refusal

The Rejected Suitor

Aac’s Fierce Wooing

Prince Coh

The Murder of Coh

The Widowhood of Móo

The Manuscript Troano

CHAPTER VI: THE CIVILISATION OF OLD PERU

Old Peru

The Country

The Andeans

A Strange Site

Sacsahuaman and Ollantay

The Drama-Legend of Ollantay

The Love-Story of Curi-Coyllur

Mother and Child

The Races of Peru

The Coming of the Incas

The Quichua-Aymara

The Four Peoples

The Coming of Manco Ccapac

The Peruvian Creation-Story

Local Creation-Myths

The Character of Inca Civilisation

An Absolute Theocracy

A Golden Temple

The Great Altar

Planetary Temples

The Mummies of Peru

Laws and Customs

The Peruvian Calendar

The Festivals

The Llama

Architecture of the Incas

Unsurpassed Workmanship

The Temple of Viracocha

Titicaca

Coati

Mysterious Chimu

The Palace

The Civilisation of Chimu

Pachacamac

Irrigation Works

A Singular Discovery

The Chibchas

A Severe Legal Code

A Strange Mnemonic System

Practical Use of the Quipos

The Incas as Craftsmen

Pottery

Historical Sketch of the Incan Peruvians

The Inca Monarchs

The First Incas

Viracocha the Great

The Plain of Blood

The Conquest of Middle Peru

Fusion of Races

Two Branches of the Incas

The Laws of Pachacutic

Tupac-Yupanqui

Huaina Ccapac

The Inca Civil War

A Dramatic Situation

A Worthless Despotism

CHAPTER VII: THE MYTHOLOGY OF PERU

The Religion of Ancient Peru

Totemism

Paccariscas

Worship of Stones

Huacas

The Mamas

The Huamantantac

Huaris

Huillcas

The Oracles of the Andes

Lake-Worship in Peru

The Lost Island

The Thunder-God of Peru

The Great God Pachacamac

Peruvian Creation-Stories

Pachayachachic

Ideas of Creation

Pacari Tampu

Worship of the Sea

Viracocha

Sun-Worship in Peru

The Sun’s Possessions

Inca Occupation of Titicaca

Pilgrimages to Titicaca

Sacrifices to the New Sun

The Citoc Raymi

Human Sacrifice in Peru

Methods of Medicine-Men

Death by Suffocation

The Obsequies of a Chief

Peruvian Myths

The Vision of Yupanqui

The Bird Bride

Thonapa

A Myth of Manco Ccapac Inca

Coniraya Viracocha

The Llama’s Warning

The Myth of Huathiacuri

Paricaca

Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Mexico

Central America

Peru

INDEX AND GLOSSARY

INDEX AND GLOSSARY

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Table of Contents

Colophon

Availability

Encoding

Revision History

External References

Corrections