On the Trail: An Outdoor Book for Girls
With Illustrations by the Authors NEW YORK Charles Scribner's Sons 1915
Copyright, 1915, By CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS Published June, 1915
Emblem
TO ALL GIRLS WHO LOVE THE LIFE OF THE OPEN WE DEDICATE THIS BOOK
Over-night camp. Fire notice is posted on tree.
The joyous, exhilarating call of the wilderness and the forest camp is surely and steadily penetrating through the barriers of brick, stone, and concrete; through the more or less artificial life of town and city; and the American girl is listening eagerly. It is awakening in her longings for free, wholesome, and adventurous outdoor life, for the innocent delights of nature-loving Thoreau and bird-loving Burroughs. Sturdy, independent, self-reliant, she is now demanding outdoor books that are genuine and filled with practical information; books that tell how to do worth-while things, that teach real woodcraft and are not adapted to the girl supposed to be afraid of a caterpillar or to shudder at sight of a harmless snake.
Lina Beard
Adelia B. Beard
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On the Trail
An Outdoor Book for Girls
LINA BEARD
AND
ADELIA BELLE BEARD
PRESENTATION
CONTENTS
ILLUSTRATIONS
ON THE TRAIL
CHAPTER I
TRAILING
Blazing the Trail
To Know an Animal Trail
Lost in the Woods
Footprints or Tracks
CHAPTER II
WOODCRAFT
Balsam-Fir
Spruce
Hemlock
Pine
How to Chop Wood
How to Chop Logs
How to Fell a Tree
Etiquette of the Wild
Finding Your Way by Natural Signs and the Compass
Sunlight and Shadow
Wind
Use of Compass
Make a Compass of Your Watch
Mountain Climbing
Lost in the Woods
To Find Your Way by the North Star
CHAPTER III
CAMPING
Information
Location
Water
Companions
Safeguarding
The Start
The One-Day Camp
Camp Dinner
The Clean-Up
Shelters and Tents. Lean-To
Permanent Camp. Lean-To. Open Camp
Tents
Camp-Beds
Bough-Bed
Bag-Bed
Cot-Bed
Pillows
Guards
The Camp-Fire
How to Build a Fire
Cook-Fire
Log-Cabin Fire
Fire in the Rain
Camp Fireplace
Camp Cooking. Provisions
Flapjacks
Biscuits
Johnny-Cake
Corn-Meal Mush
Kentucky Bread
Cocoa
Coffee
Tea
Boiled Potatoes
Baked Potatoes
Bean Soup and Baked Beans
Bacon
Game Birds
Fish
List
List
Sanitation
Camp Spirit
CHAPTER IV
WHAT TO WEAR ON THE TRAIL
Clothing
Underwear
Stockings
Shoes
Camping Dress
Hat
Check List of Apparel
Check List of Toilet Articles
Camp Packs
What to Put in Your Pack
Blanket-Roll Pack
Duffel-Bag
Packing Provisions
CHAPTER V
OUTDOOR HANDICRAFT
CHAPTER VI
MAKING FRIENDS WITH THE OUTDOOR FOLK
Stalking
Animals Found on the Trail
Birds
Stalking the Ruffed Grouse
Woodcock
Beaver
Fish-Hawk, Osprey
Blue Heron
Loon, Great Northern Diver
Animals and Birds of the Open
Field-Mouse
Kangaroo-Rat, Jumping Mouse
Pocket-Gopher
Antelope
Coyote, Prairie-Wolf
Spermophile
Bobolink
Meadow-Lark
Red-Winged Blackbird
Song Sparrow
CHAPTER VII
WILD FOOD ON THE TRAIL
Red Raspberry
Black Raspberry
Purple-Flowering Raspberry
Mountain Raspberry, Cloudberry
Wild Strawberry
Low Running Blackberry
Running Swamp Blackberry
High-Bush Blackberry
Mountain Blackberry
Thornless Blackberry
Eastern Wild Gooseberry
Dwarf Blueberry
Low Blueberry
High-Bush Blueberry
Dangleberry
Wintergreen. Checkerberry
Partridgeberry
June-Berry. Shadbush
Red Mulberry
Sweet Viburnum. Nanny-Berry. Sheepberry
Large-Fruited Thorn
Black Haw. Stag-Bush
Wild Plums. Canada Plum
Beach Plum
Wild Red Cherry
Sand-Cherry
Persimmon
Papaw
May-Apple
Wild Grapes
Frost-Grape or Chicken-Grape
Wild Nuts. Black Walnuts
Butternut
Sassafras
Salads. Watercress
Dandelion
CHAPTER VIII
LITTLE FOES OF THE TRAILER
Insects
Wood-Ticks
Jigger. Redbug. Mite
Deer-Fly
Black-Fly
No-see-um. Punky. Midge
Gnats
Bees, Wasps, and Yellow-Jackets
Dopes
Nessmuk's Dope
Breck's Dope
H. P. Wells's Bug-Juice
Smudges
Snakes
Harlequin Snake and Coral-Snake
Water-Moccasin, Cottonmouth
Other Snakes
Beaded Lizard, Gila Monster
Treatment for Snake-Bites
Poisonous Plants
Jimson-Weed
Toadstools
CHAPTER IX
ON THE TRAIL WITH YOUR CAMERA
Selecting a Camera
How to Know Your Camera
Loading the Camera
Count the Turns of the Key
CHAPTER X
ON AND IN THE WATER
Safe and Unsafe Boats
Stepping in and out of a Boat
Canoes and Canoeing
Paddles
Accessories
Care of the Canoe
Getting in the Canoe
Upset
Paddling
Loading a Canoe
Rowing
Rafts
Primitive Weaving Method
Poling
Swimming
Movements in Swimming
Floating
Diving
Breathing
Treading Water
Fishing
CHAPTER XI
USEFUL KNOTS AND HOW TO TIE THEM
Terms Used in Knot-Tying
Square Knot
Figure-Eight Knot
Bow-Line Knot
Sheep-Shank Knot
The Parcel Slip-Knot
Cross-Tie Parcel Knot
Fisherman's Knot
Halter, Slip, or Running Knot
CHAPTER XII
ACCIDENTS
Sprains and Bruises
Fireman's Lift
Cuts
Burns and Scalds
Heat Prostration and Sunstroke
Cinder or Foreign Substance in the Eye
Fainting
Drowning—Shafer Method
After Respiration Begins
Nosebleed
CHAPTER XIII
CAMP FUN AND FROLICS
Obstacle Races
Medals
Blindfold Obstacle Walk
Hunting the Quail
Trotting-Horse
Wood Tennis
Around the Camp-Fire
Songs
Bird-Call Match
Vary the Game
Lighting the Fire Without a Match
Without the Bow
CHAPTER XIV
HAPPY AND SANE SUNDAY IN CAMP
Observation Game
Transcriber's Notes