English Coins and Tokens, with a Chapter on Greek and Roman Coins
LLEWELLYNN JEWITT, F.S.A.,
Author of “Half-Hours among some English Antiquities;” “Grave Mounds and their Contents;” “The Ceramic Art in Great Britain;” “Corporation Plate and Insignia of Office;” “The Stately Homes of England,” etc., etc.
WITH
A Chapter on Greek and Roman Coins,
BARCLAY V. HEAD, M.R.A.S., ETC.,
Assistant Keeper of Coins, British Museum; Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archæological Institute .
LONDON: SWAN SONNENSCHEIN, Le BAS & LOWREY, PATERNOSTER SQUARE. 1886.
It is not possible to say, with any degree of certainty, at what precise period our ancient British forefathers acquired a knowledge of the art of coining, or into what part of our island that art was first introduced. The probability, however, amounting almost to a certainty, is that the use of money and, consequently, the art of making it, was introduced into Britain from Gaul; and the Kentish coast being the nearest to that country, and receiving friendly and bartering incursions from the Belgic tribes, with whom, doubtless, the natives traded, the natural assumption is that money was known to, and its use appreciated by, the inhabitants of that county long before those of the inland and more northern parts of the island had any knowledge of such a medium as a substitute for ordinary product-barter. Kent may therefore, I apprehend, be looked upon as the district in which money made its first appearance in our country; and, probably, where also it was first made by our Celtic progenitors.
“Gothic Crown,” of Queen Victoria.
The period which may, with more than ordinary probability; be assigned to the adoption of a home-struck currency among the tribes of our country, is also, naturally, a matter about which only a vague conclusion can be arrived at. The conclusion, however, that has been come to after the most assiduous and searching attention to and consideration of every possible circumstance of locality, analogy of types, and weight, is that that period may be fixed at from a hundred and fifty to two hundred years before the birth of Christ. This, then, for general purposes may be looked upon as the most closely approximate period that the present state of our knowledge has enabled those numismatists who have made this branch of the science their special study to arrive at.
Llewellynn Frederick William Jewitt
Barclay V. Head
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Table of Contents
BODVOC.
CATTI.
COMVX.
VO-CORIO.
ANTEDRIGVS.
INMA, INAM, or INARA.
SVEI.
COMMIVS (?).
TINC[OMMIVS].
VERICA, or VIRICA.
EPPILLUS.
DVBNOVELLAVNVS.
VOSE[NOS] (?).
AMMINVS.
CRAB.
ANDOCO[MIVS] (?).
TASCIOVANVS.
VERVLAMIVM.
TASCIO RICON.
SEGO.
EPATICCVS.
CVNOBELINVS.
ADDEDOMAROS.
THE ICENI.
THE BRIGANTES.
CHANNEL ISLANDS.
EGCBERHT, 765-791.
EADBEARHT, 794-798.
CUTHRED, 798-805.
BALDRED, 805-823.
CYNEFRYTH.
COENVVLF, 794-818.
CEOLVVLF I., 819.
BEORNVVLF, 820-824.
LUDICA or LUDICAN, 824, 825.
WIGLAF, 825-839.
BERTHVVLF, 839-852.
BURGHRED, 852-874.
CEOLVVLF II., 874.
EADVALD, 819-827.
EADMUND, OR ST. EADMUND, 855-870.
ÆTHELSTAN II., 870-890.
ALDFRID, 685-705.
EADBERHT, 737-758.
MOLL ETHILWALD, 759-765.
ALCHRED, 765.
ELFWALD, 779-788.
HEARDULF, 794-806.
ELFWALD II., 806-808.
EANRED, 808-840.
ÆTHELRED II., 840-848.
REDULF, 844.
OSBERCHT, 848-867.
ÆLLA, 862-867.
HALFDEN, 875-883.
SITRIC.
CNUT, 883-900.
ALWALD, 901-905.
ERIC, 927-954.
REGNALD, 912-944.
ANLAF.
ETHELWLF, 837-856.
AETHELBEARHT; 856-866.
AETHELRED, 866-871.
AELFRED, 872-901.
EDWEARD THE ELDER, 901-925.
AETHELSTAN, 925-941.
EADMUND, 941-946.
EADRED, 946-955.
EADWIG, 955-959.
EADWARD (II.) THE MARTYR, 975-978.
AETHELRED II., 978-1016.
CNUT, 1016-1035.
HAROLD I., 1035-1040.
HARTHACNUT, 1040-1042.
EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, 1042-1066.
HAROLD II., 1066.
SAINTS AND ECCLESIASTICS.
HENRY I. (1100 to 1135.)
STEPHEN. (1135 to 1154.)
HENRY II. (1154 to 1189.)
RICHARD I. (1189 to 1199.)
JOHN. (1199 to 1216.)
HENRY III. (1216 to 1272.)
EDWARD I. (1272 to 1307.)
EDWARD II. (1307 to 1327.)
EDWARD III. (1327 to 1377.)
RICHARD II. (1377 to 1399.)
HENRY IV. (1399 to 1413.)
HENRY V. (1413 to 1422.)
HENRY VI. (1422 to 1461.)
EDWARD IV. (1461 to 1483.)
EDWARD V. (1483.)
RICHARD III. (1483 to 1485.)
HENRY VII. (1485 to 1509.)
HENRY VIII. (1509 to 1547.)
EDWARD VI. (1547 to 1553.)
ELIZABETH. (1558 to 1603.)
JAMES I. (1603 to 1625.)
CHARLES I. (1625 to 1649).
COMMONWEALTH. (1649 to 1660.)
PROTECTORATE.—OLIVER CROMWELL. (1653 to 1658.)
CHARLES II. (1660 to 1685.)
JAMES II. (1685 to 1689.)
WILLIAM III. AND MARY II. (1689 to 1702. 1689 to 1694.)
ANNE. (1702 to 1714.)
GEORGE I. (1714 to 1727.)
GEORGE II. (1727 to 1760.)
GEORGE III. (1760 to 1820.)
GEORGE IV. (1820 to 1830.)
WILLIAM IV. (1830 to 1837.)
VICTORIA. (1837.)
§ THE SCIENCE OF NUMISMATICS.
§ INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.
§ OF THE METALS OF WHICH COINS ARE COMPOSED.
§ OF THE TERMS USED TO DEFINE THE VARIOUS PARTS OF A COIN.
§ OF THE TYPES OF GREEK COINS.
§ THE GODS AS REPRESENTED ON THE COINAGE.
§ THE GODDESSES AS REPRESENTED ON THE COINAGE.
§ SYMBOLS.
§ INSCRIPTIONS.
§ OF THE METHOD OF DATING COINS.
§ OF THE DENOMINATIONS OF GREEK COINS.
§ OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF A CABINET OF GREEK COINS.
§ OF THE PRICES OF GREEK COINS.
§ GENERAL CLASSIFICATION.
§ OF THE ÆS GRAVE.
§ OF THE SILVER “CONSULAR” COINAGE.
§ OF THE MONEY OF THE EMPIRE.
§ ROMAN MEDALLIONS.
§ HOW TO DISTINGUISH TRUE FROM FALSE COINS.
§ THE COIN CABINET.
FOOTNOTES
