The World Before the Deluge
THE FIRST MAN.
LOUIS FIGUIER .
NEWLY EDITED AND REVISED BY H. W. BRISTOW, F.R.S., F.G.S.,
Of the Geological Survey of Great Britain; Hon. Fellow of King’s College, London.
With 235 Illustrations.
CASSELL, PETTER, & GALPIN, LONDON, PARIS, AND NEW YORK.
The object of “The World before the Deluge” is to trace the progressive steps by which the earth has reached its present state, from that condition of chaos when it “was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep,” and to describe the various convulsions and transformations through which it has successively passed. In the words of the poet—
“Where rolls the deep, there grew the tree; O Earth, what changes hast thou seen! There, where the long street roars, hath been The silence of the central sea.”
It has been thought desirable that the present edition of the work should undergo a thorough revision by a practical geologist, a task which Mr. H. W. Bristow has performed. Mr. Bristow has however confined himself to such alterations as were necessary to secure accuracy in the statement of facts, and such additions as were necessary to represent more precisely the existing state of scientific opinion. Many points which are more or less inferential and therefore matters of individual opinion, and especially those on which M. Figuier bases his speculations, have been left in their original form, in preference to making modifications which would wholly change the character of the book. In a work whose purpose is to give the general reader a summarised account of the results at which science has arrived, and of the method of reasoning regarding the facts on which these generalisations rest, it would be out of place, as well as ineffective, to obscure general statements with those limitations which caution imposes on the scientific investigator.
Louis Figuier
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CONTENTS.
FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.
PREFACE.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
Fossils.
Chemical and Nebular Hypotheses of the Globe.
Modifications of the Surface of the Globe.
ERUPTIVE ROCKS.
Plutonic Eruptions.
Volcanic Rocks.
Metamorphic Rocks.
THE BEGINNING.
PRIMARY EPOCH.
Cambrian Period.
The Silurian Period.
OLD RED SANDSTONE AND DEVONIAN PERIOD.
CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD.
PERMIAN PERIOD.
SECONDARY EPOCH.
The Triassic, or New Red Period.
RHÆTIC, OR PENARTH SUB-PERIOD.
JURASSIC PERIOD.
THE CRETACEOUS PERIOD.
TERTIARY PERIOD.
THE EOCENE PERIOD.
THE MIOCENE PERIOD.
PLIOCENE PERIOD.
QUATERNARY EPOCH.
Post-Pliocene Period.
EUROPEAN DELUGES.
GLACIAL PERIOD.
CREATION OF MAN AND THE ASIATIC DELUGE.
EPILOGUE.
EXTENSION OF THE PREVIOUS TABLE.
INDEX.
TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
Textual remarks:
Changes made to original text: