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HISTORICAL

METHODS

FUTURE WORK

ILLUSTRATIONS

CAVE HABITATS

CAVERNICOLOUS COCKROACHES

COCKROACHES FROM THE BURROWS OF VERTEBRATES

DESERT HABITATS

DESERT COCKROACHES

AQUATIC HABITATS

AMPHIBIOUS COCKROACHES

OUTDOOR HABITATS

COCKROACHES FROM OUTDOOR HABITATS

STRUCTURAL HABITATS

LAND-BASED STRUCTURES

COCKROACHES ASSOCIATED WITH LAND-BASED STRUCTURES

SHIPS

COCKROACHES ASSOCIATED WITH SHIPS

AIRCRAFT

COCKROACHES ASSOCIATED WITH AIRCRAFT

BACTEROIDS

COCKROACHES IN WHICH BACTEROIDS HAVE BEEN FOUND

BACTERIA

PROTOZOA

POLIOMYELITIS VIRUSES

OTHER VIRUSES

* Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula

* Pseudomonas eisenbergii Migula

* Pseudomonas fluorescens Migula

† Spirillum periplaneticum Kunstler and Gineste

† Spirillum α, β, and γ Dobell

Spirillum sp.

* Vibrio comma (Schroeter) Winslow et al.

* Vibrio metschnikovii Gamaléia

Vibrio tyrogenus (Flügge) Holland

† Vibrio Types I and II Heiberg

Vibrio sp.

Chromobacterium violaceum (Schroeter) Bergonzini

* Micrococcus aurantiacus (Schroeter) Cohn

* Micrococcus citreus Migula

* Micrococcus epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow) Hucker

† Micrococcus nigrofaciens Northrup

* Micrococcus pyogenes var. albus (Rosenbach) Schroeter

* Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus (Rosenbach) Zopf

Micrococcus ureae Cohn

* Micrococcus spp.

Micrococcus sp.

† Sarcina alba Zimmermann

Sarcina aurantiaca Flügge

Sarcina lutea Schroeter

† Sarcina symbiotica Pribram

Sarcina ventriculi Goodsir

Sarcina sp.

† Sarcina sp.

*† Sarcina sp.

*† Sarcina sp.

* Neisseria meningitidis (Albrecht and Ghon) Holland

* Veillonella parvula (Veillon and Zuber) Prévot

* Diplococcus pneumoniae Weichselbaum

† Enterococcus sp.

Lactobacillus fermenti Beijerinck

† Pneumococcus Type I, No. 1231

* Streptococcus faecalis Andrewes and Horder

* Streptococcus liquefaciens Sternberg emend. Orla-Jensen

*† Streptococcus microapoika Cooper, Keller, and Johnson

*† Streptococcus non-hemolyticus II Holman

* Streptococcus pyogenes Rosenbach

* Streptococcus sp. (pyogenic group)

* Streptococcus spp.

* Corynebacterium diphtheriae (Flügge) Lehmann and Neumann

† Achromobacter hyalinum (Jordan) Bergey et al.

Achromobacter sp.

Alcaligenes faecalis Castellani and Chalmers

Alcaligenes recti (Ford) Bergey et al.

Alcaligenes viscosus (Weldin and Levine) Weldin

Aerobacter aerogenes (Kruse) Beijerinck

Aerobacter cloacae (Jordan) Bergey et al.

Aerobacter sp.

† Eberthella oedematiens Assis

* Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers

Escherichia coli var. acidilactici (Topley and Wilson) Yale

Escherichia coli var. communior (Topley and Wilson) Yale

Escherichia freundii (Braak) Yale

Escherichia intermedium (Werkman and Gillen) Vaughn and Levine

* Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schroeter) Trevisan

* Paracolobactrum aerogenoides Borman, Stuart and Wheeler

* Paracolobactrum coliforme Borman, Stuart and Wheeler

* Paracolobactrum spp.

* Paracolon bacilli

* Proteus mirabilis Hauser

* Proteus morganii (Winslow et al.) Rauss

* Proteus rettgeri (Hadley et al.) Rustigian and Stuart

* Proteus vulgaris Hauser

* Proteus spp.

* Salmonella anatis (Rettger and Scoville) Bergey et al.

* Salmonella choleraesuis (Smith) Weldin

* Salmonella enteritidis (Gaertner) Castellani and Chalmers

* Salmonella morbificans (Migula) Haupt

* Salmonella paratyphi (Kayser) Castellani and Chalmers

* Salmonella schottmuelleri (Winslow et al.) Bergey et al.

* Salmonella sp. (Type Adelaidae)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Bareilly)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Bredeny)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Derby)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Kentucky)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Kottbus)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Meleagris)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Montevideo)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Newport)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Oranienburg)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Panama)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Rubislaw)

* Salmonella sp. (Type Tennessee)

* Salmonella typhimurium (Loeffler) Castellani and Chalmers

* Salmonella typhosa (Zopf) White

Serratia marcescens Bizio

* Shigella alkalescens (Andrewes) Weldin

* Shigella dysenteriae (Shiga) Castellani and Chalmers

* Shigella paradysenteriae (Collins) Weldin

Bacteroides uncatus Eggerth and Gagnon

* Brucella abortus (Schmidt and Weis) Meyer and Shaw

Fusiformis lophomonadis Grassé

* Malleomyces mallei (Zopf) Pribram

* Pasteurella multocida (Lehmann and Neumann) Rosenbusch and Merchant

* Pasteurella pestis (Lehmann and Neumann) Holland

† Bacterium alkaligenes Nyberg

† Bacterium delendae-muscae Roubaud and Descazeaux

Bacterium haemophosphoreum Pfeiffer and Stammer

Coccobacillus cajae Picard and Blanc

* Bacillus anthracis Cohen emend. Koch

† Bacillus bütschlii Schaudinn

Bacillus cereus Frankland and Frankland

Bacillus circulans Jordan

† Bacillus flacheriae (Hoffman)

Bacillus megaterium De Bary

† Bacillus monachae (von Tubeuf) Eckstein

† Bacillus periplanetae Tichomiroff

† Bacillus stellatus Hollande

† Bacillus radiciformis

* Bacillus subtilis Cohn emend. Prazmowski

"Bacillus subtilis group"

† Bacillus tritus Batchelor

* Clostridium feseri Trevisan

Clostridium lentoputrescens Hartsell and Rettger

* Clostridium novyi (Migula) Bergey et al. or

* Clostridium sporogenes (Metchnikoff) Bergey et al.

* Clostridium perfringens (Veillon and Zuber) Holland

* Clostridium tetani (Flügge) Holland

* Clostridium spp.

* Mycobacterium avium Chester

Mycobacterium friedmannii Holland

* Mycobacterium lacticola Lehmann and Neumann?

* Mycobacterium leprae (Armauer-Hansen) Lehmann and Neumann

* Mycobacterium lepraemurium Marchoux and Sorel

* Mycobacterium phlei Lehmann and Neumann

* Mycobacterium piscium Bergey et al.

* Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Schroeter) Lehmann and Neumann

* Mycobacterium spp.

* Nocardia sp.?

Streptomyces leidynematis Hoffman

Arthromitus intestinalis (Valentin) Peshkoff

† Spirochaeta blattae Tejera

* † Spirochaeta periplanetae Laveran and Franchini

† Treponema parvum Dobell

† Treponema stylopygae Dobell

Unidentified spirochaetes

ADDITIONAL BACTERIA WHOSE TAXONOMIC POSITION IS UNKNOWN

FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH COCKROACHES

INCERTAE SEDIS

Alsophila sp.

Asplenium nidus Linnaeus

Pinus australis Michaux

Pinus caribaea Morelet

Pinus clausa Vasey

Pinus echinata Mill.

Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus

Pinus spp.

Cryptomeria sp.

Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg

Juniperus sp.

Freycinetia sp.

Pandanus sp.

Aristida pennata Trin.

Bamboo

Chloris gayana Kunth

Panicum purpurascens Raddi

Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus

Setaria verticillata (Linnaeus) Beauv.

Wild oats

Zea mays Linnaeus

Cyperus sp.

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd.

Cocos nucifera Linnaeus

Phoenix dactylifera Linnaeus

Pritchardia sp.

Roystonea regia O. F. Cook

Sabal palmetto Lodd.

Undetermined palms

Arum sp.

Caladium sp.

Aechmaea porteoides Britton

Ananas comosus Merr.

Catopsis fulgens Griseb.

Glomeropitcairnia erectiflora Mez

Grevisia sp.

Tillandsia fasciculata Swartz

Tillandsia usneoides Linnaeus

Tillandsia uttriculata Linnaeus

Tillandsia sp.

Undetermined bromeliads

Yucca elata Engelman

Easter lilies

Bananas

Renealmia sp.

Canna sp.

Cattleya sp.

Vanda sp.

Undetermined orchids

Casuarina sp.

Populus euphratica Oliv.

Populus sp.

Salix sp.

Myrica cerifera Linnaeus

Quercus alba Linnaeus

Quercus rubra Linnaeus

Quercus virginiana Mill.

Quercus spp.

Cecropia sp.

Beta maritima Linnaeus

Beta vulgaris var. cicla Linnaeus

Nectandra coriacea (Sw.) Griseb.

Sarracenia flava Linnaeus

Sarracenia purpurea Linnaeus

Sarracenia minor Walter

Nepenthes ampularia Jack

Nepenthes gracilis Korth.

Nepenthes sp.

Weinmannia sp.

Liquidambar styraciflua Linnaeus

Crataegus sp.?

Rosa sp.

Rubus spp.?

Acacia farnesiana Willd.

Acacia sp.

Ceratonia siliqua Linnaeus

Erythrina glauca Willd.

Inga laurina Willd.

Inga vera Willd.

Mesquite

Samanea saman Merr.

Tamarindus indica Linnaeus

Geraniums

Tribulus sp.

Citrus aurantifolia Swingle

Citrus maxima Merr.

Citrus sinensis Osbeck

Citrus sp.

Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam.

Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg.

Poinsettia sp.

Mangifera indica Linnaeus

Spondias mombin Linnaeus

Spondias purpurea Linnaeus

Ilex cassine Linnaeus

Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm.

Exothea paniculata (Juss.) Radlk.

Gossypium spp.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linnaeus

Hibiscus sp.

Sida sp.

Theobroma cacao Linnaeus

Bixa sp.

Xylosma suaveolens Forst.

Passiflora sp.

Carica papaya Linnaeus

Rhizophora mangle Linnaeus

Conocarpus erectus Linnaeus

Eucalyptus sp.

Eugenia aromatica Baill.

Metrosideros collina Gray

Psidium guajava Linnaeus

Jussiaea natans Humb. and Bonpl.

Calluna vulgaris Salisb.

Vaccinium meridionale Sw.

Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq.

Vinca minor Linnaeus

Ipomoea tiliasea Choisy

Cordia dentata Poiret

Citharexylum villosum Jacq.

Nicotiana sp.

Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus

Cyrtandra sp.

Canthium barbatum (Forst.) Seem.

Cinchona pubescens Vahl.

Coffea sp.

Goldenrod

Helianthus sp.

Scorzonera acanthoclada Franch.

DAMAGE TO PLANTS BY COCKROACHES

Euglena sp.

Oikomonas blattarum Tejera

Oikomonas sp.

Leptomonas blaberae Tejera

Leptomonas sp.

* Herpetomonas periplanetae Laveran and Franchini

Monas sp.

Bodo blattae

Bodo sp.

Retortamonas blattae (Bishop)

Retortamonas sp.?

Chilomastix mesnili (Wenyon)

Eutrichomastix sp.

Monocercomonoides globus Cleveland et al.

Monocercomonoides melolonthae (Grassi)

Monocercomonoides orthopterorum (Parisi)

Monocercomonoides panesthiae Kidder

Tetratrichomastix blattidarum Young

Oxymonas doroaxostylus (Cleveland et al.)

Oxymonas nana Cleveland

Saccinobaculus ambloaxostylus Cleveland et al.

Saccinobaculus lata Cleveland

Notila proteus Cleveland

* Trichomonas hominis (Davaine)

Trichomonas sp.

Hexamita cryptocerci Cleveland et al.

Hexamita periplanetae (Bĕlăr)

Hexamita sp.?

* Giardia intestinalis (Lambl)

* Giardia sp.

Leptospironympha eupora Cleveland et al.

Leptospironympha rudis Cleveland et al.

Leptospironympha wachula Cleveland et al.

Macrospironympha xylopletha Cleveland et al.

Lophomonas blattarum Stein

Lophomonas striata Bütschli

Prolophomonas tocopola Cleveland et al.

Barbulanympha estaboga Cleveland et al.

Barbulanympha laurabuda Cleveland et al.

Barbulanympha ufalula Cleveland et al.

Barbulanympha wenyoni Cleveland

Rhynchonympha tarda Cleveland et al.

Urinympha talea Cleveland et al.

Idionympha perissa Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha acuta Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha algoa Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha chula Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha grandis Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha lata Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha okolona Cleveland et al.

Trichonympha parva Cleveland et al.

Eucomonympha imla Cleveland et al.

Unidentified flagellate

Peltomyces periplanetae (Léger)

Hartmannella blattae Ivanić

Dobellina sp.

Endamoeba blattae (Bütschli)

Endamoeba javanica Kidder

Endamoeba philippinensis Kidder

Entamoeba coli (Grassi)

* Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn

Entamoeba pitheci Prowazek?

Entamoeba thomsoni Lucas

Entamoeba sp.

Endolimax blattae Lucas

Endolimax nana (Wenyon and O'Connor)?

Endolimax sp.

Iodamoeba sp.

Undetermined species of Amoeba

Diplocystis schneideri Kunstler

Periplaneta americana, France (Kunstler, 1884, 1887); England (Jameson, 1920); Germany (Foerster, 1939).

Diplocystis sp.

Diplocystis sp.?

Stenophora sp.

Gregarina blattarum von Siebold

Gregarina fastidiosa Harrison

Gregarina gibbsi Harrison

Gregarina illinensis M. E. Watson

Gregarina impetuosa Harrison

Gregarina légeri Pinto

Gregarina neo-brasiliensis Al. Cunha

Gregarina ohioensis Semans

Gregarina panchlorae Frenzel

Gregarina parcoblattae Semans

Gregarina rhyparobiae J. M. Watson

Gregarina sandoni Harrison

Gregarina thomasi Semans

Protomagalhaesia serpentula (de Magalhães)

Gamocystis tenax Schneider

Pileocephalus blaberae (Frenzel)

Unidentified Gregarinida

Adelina cryptocerci Yarwood

Haplosporidium periplanetae Georgévitch

Coelosporidium periplanetae (Lutz and Splendore)

Plistophora kudoi Sprague and Ramsey

Plistophora periplanetae (Lutz and Splendore)

Plistophora sp.

Paramecium sp.

Isotricha caulleryi Weill

Balantidium blattarum Ghosh

* Balantidium coli (Malmsten)

Balantidium ovatum Ghosh

Balantidium praenucleatum Kudo and Meglitsch

Balantidium sp.?

Nyctotherus buissoni Pinto

Nyctotherus ovalis Leidy

Nyctotherus uichancoi Kidder

Nyctotherus viannai Pinto

Clevelandella constricta (Kidder)

Clevelandella contorta (Kidder)

Clevelandella elongata (Kidder)

Clevelandella hastula (Kidder)

Clevelandella nipponensis (Kidder)

Clevelandella panesthiae (Kidder)

Clevelandella parapanesthiae (Kidder)

Paraclevelandia brevis Kidder

Paraclevelandia simplex Kidder

Unidentified ciliate

NEGATIVE FINDINGS

HELMINTHS FOR WHICH COCKROACHES SERVE AS PRIMARY HOSTS

HELMINTHS WHOSE EGGS HAVE BEEN CARRIED BY COCKROACHES

Mastigoproctus giganteus (Lucas)

Mastigoproctus sp.

Buthus australis (Linnaeus)

Centruroides gracilis (Latreille)

Centruroides hentzi (Banks)

Centruroides vitattus (Say)

Parabuthus capensis (Hemprich and Ehrenberg)

Euscorpius germanus (Koch)

Euscorpius italicus italicus (Herbst)

Hadrurus arizonensis Ewing

Hormurus caudicula (Koch)

Heterometrus longimanus (Herbst)

Urodacus novaehollandiae Peters

Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus) and Avicularia sp.?

Phormictopus cancerides (Latreille)

Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus)

Latrodectus indistinctus Pickard-Cambridge

Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius)

Lycosa helluo Walckenaer

Lycosa sp.

Blattisocius tineivorus (Oudemans)

Blattilaelaps nauphoetae Womersley

Coleolaelaps (?) sp.

Hypoaspis sp.

Uropoda sp.

Undetermined diplogyniid

Histiostoma feroniarum (Dufour)

Caloglyphus spinitarsus (Hermann)

Caloglyphus sp.

Tyrophagus lintneri (Osborne)

Tyrophagus noxius A. Z.

Rhizoglyphus tarsalus Banks

Chaetodactylus sp.

Locustacarus sp.

Iolina nana Pritchard

Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus Trägårdh

RECORDS OF UNIDENTIFIED MITES

CONTROL OF MITES IN COCKROACH COLONIES

PREDATORS AND PARASITES OF COCKROACH EGGS

HOST SELECTION BY EGG PARASITES

COCKROACH-HUNTING WASPS

WASPS THAT PROVISION THEIR NESTS WITH COCKROACHES

ANTS PREDACEOUS ON COCKROACHES

Potamotrygon humboldti (Duméril)

Rhamdia sebae Cuvier and Valenciennes

Cyrtocharax magdalenae essequibensis (Eigenmann)

Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier and Valenciennes

Plethodon glutinosus (Green)

Bufo funereus Bocage

Bufo ictericus Spix

Bufo marinus (Linnaeus)

Bufo valliceps Wiegmann

Hyla cinerea (Schneider)

Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie

Hyperolius picturatus Peters

Leptodactylus albilabris (Günther)

Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti)

Leptopelis calcaratus (Boulenger)

Leptopelis rufus Reichenow

Megalixalus fornasinii (Bianconi)

Rana catesbeiana Shaw

Rana mascareniensis Duméril and Bibron

Rana pipiens Schreber

Frogs

Unidentified batrachians

Chrysemys picta (Schneider)

Gekko gecko (Linnaeus)

Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron

Sphaerodactylus sp.

Thecadactylus sp.

Undetermined geckos

Anolis carolinensis Voigt

Anolis cristatellus Duméril and Bibron

Anolis pulchellus Duméril and Bibron

Anolis equestris Merrem

Anolis grahami Garman

Anolis leachi Duméril and Bibron

Anolis sagrei Cocteau

Anolis stratulus Cope

Anolis sp.

Leiolopisma laterale Say

Tropidophorus grayi Günther

Unidentified skinks

Ameiva exsul Cope

Ameiva sp.

Cnemidophorus sp.

Unidentified lizards

Heterodon platyrhinos Latreille

Garter Snake

Domestic duck

Bambusicola thoracica Temminck

Gallus sp.

Phasianus calchicus karpowi Buturlin

Phasianus sp.

Coturnix coturnix japonica (Temminck and Schlegel)

Domestic chicken

Partridge

Meleagris gallopavo (Linnaeus)

Streptopelia chinensis (Scopoli)

Pigeon

Gymnasio nudipes (Daudin)

Todus mexicanus Lesson

Tockus birostris (Scopoli)

Dendrocopus mahrattensis (Latham)

Melanerpes portoricensis (Daudin)

Gymnopithys leucaspis (Sclater)

Icterus portoricensis (Bryant)

Aphelocoma coerulesens (Bosc)

Cyanocitta cristata (Linnaeus)

Paradisea papuana Bechstein

Troglodytes aedon Vieillot

Troglodytes audax Tschudi

Lanius ludovicianus Linnaeus

Acridotheres tristis Bonnaterre and Vieillot

Vireo latimeri Baird

Agelaius xanthomus (Sclater)

Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linnaeus)

Holoquiscalus brachypterus (Cassin)

Black bird

Passer domesticus (Linnaeus)

Sparrow

Tiaris bicolor omissa (Jardine)

Monodelphis sp.

Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus

Erinaceus sp.

Molossus sp.

Lemur coronatus Gray

Lemur fulvus E. Geoffroy

Loris tardigradus (Linnaeus)

Perodicticus potto (P. L. S. Müller)

Tarsius sp.

Aotes zonalis Goldman

Ateles dariensis Goldman

Cebus apella (Linnaeus)

Cebus capucinus (Linnaeus)

Saimiri sciurea Linnaeus

Callithrix chrysoleucos (Natterer)

Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus)

Leontocebus oedipus (Linnaeus)

Leontocebus rosalia (Linnaeus)

Leontocebus ursulus (E. Geoffroy)

Cercopithecus sp.

Macaca mulatta (Zimmermann)

Macaca sylvanus (Linnaeus)

Papio papio (Desmarest)

Pan sp.

Homo sapiens Linnaeus

Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus

Mus musculus Linnaeus

Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout)

Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)

Rattus spp.

Cavia sp.

Canis familiaris Linnaeus

Canis latrans Say

Vulpes sp.

Bassariscus astutus (Lichtenstein)

Nasua narica (Linnaeus)

Nasua nasua (Linnaeus)

Nasua sp.

Meles sp.

Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus Hodgson

Herpestes sp.

Felis catus Linnaeus

Felis pardalis mearnsi J. A. Allen

Coptotermes ceylonicus Holmgren

Macrotermes barneyi Light

Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman)

Macrotermes natalensis (Haviland)

Macrotermes malaccensis (Haviland)

Odontotermes sp.

Termes sp.

Termites

Camponotus femoratus (Fabricius)

Camponotus maculatus (Fabricius)?

Camponotus rufipes (Fabricius)

Formica rufibarbis Fabricius

Formica subcyanea Wheeler

Acromyrmex lobicornis Emery

Acromyrmex lundi (Guérin)

Acromyrmex niger (F. Smith)

Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich)

Acromyrmex silvestrii Emery

Atta cephalotes (Linnaeus)

Atta sexdens (Linnaeus)

Atta texana (Buckley)

Crematogaster limata parabiotica Forel

Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius)

Unknown host

Odontomachus affinis (Guérin)

Polybia pygmaea Fabricius

Melipona nigra Lepeletier

CHECKLIST OF COMMENSAL COCKROACHES WITH THEIR HOSTS

OBSCURE ASSOCIATIONS

INTERSPECIES PREDATION

INTRASPECIES PREDATION

FAMILIAL ASSOCIATIONS

GREGARIOUSNESS

INTRASPECIES FIGHTING

INTERSPECIES COMPATIBILITY

INTERSPECIES ANTAGONISM

INVERTEBRATES

VERTEBRATES