Self-Help Mechanical Drawing: An Educational Treatise
“ LEARN TO DO A THING BY DOING IT. ”— OLD PROVERB
SELF-HELP MECHANICAL DRAWING AN EDUCATIONAL TREATISE
BY N. HAWKINS, M. E. Author of Handbook of Calculations, etc.
New York : THEO. AUDEL & CO., Publishers 1902
Copyrighted by Theo. Audel & Co. New York 1902
This work is most kindly and respectfully dedicated to THE COMING MAN who at the present time is undoubtedly devoting a goodly share of his spare time to the study of drawing.
It is because of a personal and practical experience of the advantage to be gained by the possession of a knowledge of drawing, that the author is prompted to undertake the rather pleasant task of producing a self-help book relating to the subject.
Since the days of youthful endeavor, the author has passed through an extended experience of mechanical life, and scarcely ever without chalk, pencil or instrument in hand, to illustrate by sketch or drawing, the tools to be employed, or to picture the finished product; accordingly, throughout this work, words of explanation and the drawings will go together to aid the diligent student.
It has been said by an eminent writer, that “one workman is superior to another—other circumstances being the same—directly in proportion to his knowledge in drawing, and those who are ignorant of it must in many respects be subservient to others who have obtained that knowledge.”
It has been also said that no man is fitted to be foreman of a shop who cannot draw, and it is generally true that no one will be appointed to that position, except temporarily, who does not possess some knowledge of the art, either “freehand” or instrumental.
It is a question how far a good working knowledge of drawing can be attained without a teacher; it is true that but few have become proficient without such aid, but it is equally true that “self-help” has been the key note to all advancement.
N. Hawkins
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Preface.
Introduction.
The Plan of the Work.
General List of Contents.
Chalk Work.
PREPARATORY PRACTICE IN DRAWING.
PERPENDICULAR LINES.
HORIZONTAL LINES.
OBLIQUE LINES.
BROKEN LINES.
CURVED LINES.
Preliminary Terms and Definitions.
Free-Hand Drawing.
POSITION.
HOW TO CUT A PENCIL.
HOW TO DRAW STRAIGHT LINES.
TO DRAW THE FIRST OBLIQUE LINE.
TO DRAW THE UPRIGHT OR PERPENDICULAR LINE.
TO DRAW THE SECOND OBLIQUE LINE.
ON FIGURES FORMED OF STRAIGHT LINES.
ON CURVED LINES.
EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE.
Geometrical Drawing.
GEOMETRICAL AXIOMS.
Problems in Geometrical Drawing.
Trigonometry.
DEFINITIONS.
Drawing Materials and Instruments.
THE DRAWING BOARD.
THE TEE-SQUARE.
ADJUSTABLE BLADED SQUARE.
TRIANGLES, OR SET-SQUARES.
PARALLEL RULE.
SECTION LINER.
IRREGULAR CURVE OR SCROLL.
ELLIPSES.
DRAWING PENCILS.
DIVIDERS AND COMPASSES.
PROPORTIONAL DIVIDERS.
COMPASSES.
SPRING BOWS.
BEAM COMPASSES AND TRAMMELS.
DRAWING SCALES.
DRAWING-PENS.
DRAWING PAPER.
Mechanical Drawing.
Penciling.
POINTS TO BE OBSERVED IN SKETCHING.
Projection.
“Inking In” Drawings.
Lettering Drawings.
Dimensioning Drawings.
Shading Drawings.
Section-Lining.
TINTS AND COLORS.
Reproducing Drawings.
BLUE PRINTING.
TEST-PIECES.
BLACK PROCESS COPYING.
SIZE OF DRAWINGS.
CHARACTER OF DRAWINGS.
DRAWING SYMBOLS.
STANDARDS.
NUMBERING OF DRAWINGS.
CHECKING.
PATTERNS.
SKETCH BOOKS.
IN GENERAL.
NUMBERING WORKING DRAWINGS.
Gearing.
Designing Gears.
Working Drawings.
BUMPING POST FOR RAILWAY TRACKS.
To Read Working Drawings.
Patent Office Drawing Rules.
U. S. PATENT OFFICE RULES.
Useful Hints and “Points.”
Linear Perspective.
Scale or Approximate Perspective.
Useful Tables for Draughtsmen.
RULES RELATIVE TO THE CIRCLE.
ROMAN TABLE.
SOLID MEASURE, OR CUBIC MEASURE.
CIRCULAR MEASURE.
LONG MEASURE—MEASURES OF LENGTH.
Tables of Diameters, Circumferences and Areas of Circles.
UNITED STATES STANDARD SIZES OF WROUGHT IRON WELDED PIPE.
UNITED STATES STANDARD SIZES OF BOLTS.
UNITED STATES STANDARD SCREW THREAD GAUGE.
Some Things Personal.
Transcriber’s Notes
