General History for Colleges and High Schools
Produced by Anne Soulard, Charles Franks
and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
This volume is based upon my Ancient History and Mediæval and Modern History . In some instances I have changed the perspective and the proportions of the narrative; but in the main, the book is constructed upon the same lines as those drawn for the earlier works. In dealing with so wide a range of facts, and tracing so many historic movements, I cannot hope that I have always avoided falling into error. I have, however, taken the greatest care to verify statements of fact, and to give the latest results of discovery and criticism.
Considering the very general character of the present work, an enumeration of the books that have contributed facts to my narration, or have helped to mould my views on this or that subject, would hardly be looked for; yet I wish here to acknowledge my special indebtedness, in the earlier parts of the history, to the works of George Rawlinson, Sayce, Wilkinson, Brugsch, Grote, Curtius, Mommsen, Merivale, and Leighton; and in the later parts, and on special periods, to the writings of Hodgkin, Emerton, Ranke, Freeman, Michaud, Bryce, Symonds, Green (J. R.), Motley, Hallam, Thiers, Lecky, Baird, and Müller.
Several of the colored maps, with which the book will be found liberally provided, were engraved especially for my Ancient History ; but the larger number are authorized reproductions of charts accompanying Professor Freeman's Historical Geography of Europe . The Roman maps were prepared for Professor William F. Allen's History of Rome , which is to be issued soon, and it is to his courtesy that I am indebted for their use.
The illustrations have been carefully selected with reference to their authenticity and historical truthfulness. Many of those in the Oriental and Greek part of the work are taken from Oscar Jäger's Weltgeschichte ; while most of those in the Roman portion are from Professor Allen's forthcoming work on Rome, to which I have just referred, the author having most generously granted me the privilege of using them in my work, notwithstanding it is to appear in advance of his.
P. V. N. Myers
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A GENERAL HISTORY FOR COLLEGES AND HIGH SCHOOLS.
PREFACE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART I.
PART II.
INTRODUCTION.
SECTION I.—MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.
LIST OF COLORED MAPS.
GENERAL HISTORY.
GENERAL INTRODUCTION: THE RACES AND THEIR EARLY MIGRATIONS.
RACES OF MANKIND, WITH CHIEF FAMILIES AND PEOPLES.
PART I.
1. INDIA.
2. CHINA.
CHAPTER II.
1. POLITICAL HISTORY.
2. RELIGION, ARTS, AND GENERAL CULTURE.
CHAPTER III.
1. POLITICAL HISTORY.
2. ARTS AND GENERAL CULTURE.
CHAPTER IV.
1. POLITICAL HISTORY.
2. RELIGION, ARTS, AND GENERAL CULTURE.
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
HEBREW RELIGION AND LITERATURE.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
1. POLITICAL HISTORY.
2. GOVERNMENT, RELIGION, AND ARTS.
TABLE OF KINGS OF MEDIA AND PERSIA.
SECTION II.—GRECIAN HISTORY
CHAPTER IX.
CHAPTER X.
CHAPTER XI.
CHAPTER XII.
1. AGE OF THE TYRANTS AND OF COLONIZATION.
2. THE GROWTH OF SPARTA.
3. THE GROWTH OF ATHENS.
CHAPTER XIII.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE AGE OF PERICLES (459-431 B.C.).
CHAPTER XV.
1. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR (431-404 B.C.).
2. THE SPARTAN AND THE THEBAN SUPREMACY.
CHAPTER XVI.
CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY OF GRECIAN HISTORY TO THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT.
CHAPTER XVII.
CHAPTER XVIII.
1. ARCHITECTURE.
2. SCULPTURE AND PAINTING.
CHAPTER XIX.
1. EPIC AND LYRIC POETRY.
2. THE DRAMA AND DRAMATISTS.
3. HISTORY AND HISTORIANS.
4. ORATORY.
5. THE ALEXANDRIAN AGE.
CHAPTER XX.
SCIENCE AMONG THE GREEKS.
CHAPTER XXI.
SECTION III. ROMAN HISTORY.
CHAPTER XXII.
THE ROMAN RELIGION.
CHAPTER XXIII.
SECESSION OF THE PLEBEIANS.
WARS FOR THE MASTERY OF ITALY.
CHAPTER XXIV.
CHAPTER XXV.
ROME BETWEEN THE FIRST AND THE SECOND PUNIC WAR.
CARTHAGE BETWEEN THE FIRST AND THE SECOND PUNIC WAR.
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR.
CHAPTER XXVI.
EVENTS BETWEEN THE SECOND AND THE THIRD PUNIC WAR.
THE THIRD PUNIC WAR.
WAR IN SPAIN.
CHAPTER XXVII.
CHAPTER XXVIII.
CHAPTER XXIX.
CHAPTER XXX.
LAST DAYS OF THE EMPIRE IN THE WEST.
FINAL PARTITION OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. (A.D. 395.)
CHAPTER XXXI.
1. ARCHITECTURE.
2. LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY, AND LAW.
3. SOCIAL LIFE.
PART II.
INTRODUCTION.
SECTION I.—MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.
FIRST PERIOD.—THE DARK AGES. (FROM THE FALL OF ROME, A.D. 476, TO THE ELEVENTH CENTURY.)
CHAPTER XXXII.
CHAPTER XXXIII.
CHAPTER XXXIV.
CHAPTER XXXV.
CHAPTER XXXVI.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
CHAPTER XXXIX.
1. FEUDALISM.
2. CHIVALRY.
CHAPTER XLI.
CHAPTER XLII.
1. INTRODUCTORY: CAUSES OF THE CRUSADES.
2. THE FIRST CRUSADE (1096-1099).
3. THE SECOND CRUSADE (1147-1149).
4. THE THIRD CRUSADE (1189-1192).
5. THE FOURTH CRUSADE (1202-1204).
6. CLOSE OF THE CRUSADES: THEIR RESULTS.
CHAPTER XLIII.
CHAPTER XLIV.
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE.
CHAPTER XLV.
CHAPTER XLVI.
CHAPTER XLVII.
1. ENGLAND.
2. FRANCE.
3. SPAIN.
4. GERMANY.
5. RUSSIA.
6. ITALY.
7. THE NORTHERN COUNTRIES.
SECTION II.—MODERN HISTORY.
INTRODUCTION.
CHAPTER XLIX.
1. REIGN OF THE EMPEROR CHARLES V. (1519-1556).
2. SPAIN UNDER PHILIP II. (1556-1598).
CHAPTER L.
1. INTRODUCTORY.
2. THE REIGN OF HENRY VII. (1485-1509).
3. ENGLAND SEVERED FROM THE PAPACY BY HENRY VIII. (1509-1547).
4. CHANGES IN THE CREED AND RITUAL UNDER EDWARD VI. (1547-1553).
5. REACTION UNDER MARY (1553-1558).
6. FINAL ESTABLISHMENT OF PROTESTANTISM UNDER ELIZABETH (1558-1603).
CHAPTER LI.
CHAPTER LII.
CHAPTER LIII.
CHAPTER LV.
I. THE FIRST TWO STUARTS.
II. THE COMMONWEALTH (1649-1660).
III. THE RESTORED STUARTS.
IV. THE ORANGE-STUARTS.
CHAPTER LVI.
CHAPTER LVII.
CHAPTER LVIII.
1. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION: THE STATES-GENERAL OF 1789.
CHAPTER LIX.
1. THE CONSULATE AND THE EMPIRE (1799-1815).
2. FRANCE SINCE THE SECOND RESTORATION (1815-).
CHAPTER LX.
CHAPTER LXI.
CHAPTER LXII.
CHAPTER LXIII.
1. PROGRESS TOWARDS DEMOCRACY.
2. EXPANSION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF RELIGIOUS EQUALITY.
3. GROWTH OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE EAST.
CONCLUSION: THE NEW AGE.