Great Zimbabwe, Mashonaland, Rhodesia / An account of two years' examination work in 1902-4 on behalf of the government of Rhodesia
THE CONICAL TOWER, ELLIPTICAL TEMPLE, GREAT ZIMBABWE
AN ACCOUNT OF TWO YEARS’ EXAMINATION WORK IN 1902–4 ON BEHALF OF THE GOVERNMENT OF RHODESIA
BY R. N. HALL, F.R.G.S. CO-AUTHOR WITH W. G. NEAL OF “THE ANCIENT RUINS OF RHODESIA”
WITH AN INTRODUCTION
BY PROFESSOR A. H. KEANE, LL.D., F.R.G.S.
WITH TWO HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS, MAPS, AND PLANS
METHUEN & CO. 36 ESSEX STREET W.C. LONDON
First Published in 1905
THE LATE MR. THEODORE BENT, F.R.G.S.
EXPLORER OF GREAT ZIMBABWE IN 1891, AUTHOR OF “THE RUINED CITIES OF MASHONALAND”
THE VOLUME IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF THE LATE THEODORE BENT, F.R.G.S. EXPLORER OF GREAT ZIMBABWE, 1891 AND AUTHOR OF “THE RUINED CITIES OF MASHONALAND”
IN preparing this detailed description of the ruins of Great Zimbabwe—the first given to the world in modern times—the author has aimed at permitting the actual ruins themselves to relate their own story of their forgotten past unweighted by any consideration of the many traditions, romances, and theories which—especially during the last decade—have been woven concerning these monuments.
R. N. Hall
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CONTENTS
LIST OF PLATES
LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND PLANS IN THE TEXT
RUINS’ AREA
BURIAL-PLACES OF THE OLD COLONISTS
ABSENCE OF INSCRIPTIONS
TWO PERIODS OF GOLD MANUFACTURE
NORTH ENTRANCE
PARALLEL PASSAGE
SACRED ENCLOSURE
PLATFORM AREA
ENCLOSURES 6, 7, AND 10
CENTRAL AREA
SUMMIT OF MAIN EAST WALL
PROBABLE AGES OF THE WALLS OF THE ELLIPTICAL TEMPLE
WEST WALL CONTROVERSY
WRITER’S CONCLUSIONS
DESTRUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL WEST WALL
WESTERN TEMPLE
A ZIMBABWE REVIVAL
PRESERVATION OF RUINS
PLAN OF ELLIPTICAL TEMPLE
MIDNIGHT IN AN ANCIENT TEMPLE
THE ACROPOLIS AT SUNSET
FROND GLEN
LUMBO ROCKS
MORGENSTER (“MORNING STAR”) MISSION
WUWULI
MOJEJÈJE, OR “MYSTIC BAR”
SUKU DINGLE
MOTUMI’S KRAAL
CHIBFUKO
CHIPADZI’S KRAAL
MAPAKU, OR “LITTLE ZIMBABWE”
SCHLICHTER GORGE
CHICAGOMBONI HILL (NINI DISTRICT)
A JAUNT ALONG THE ZIMBABWE AND MOTELEKWE ANCIENT ROAD
SOME OF THE DENIZENS OF THE ZIMBABWE DISTRICT
1. NATIVES AND RUINS
2. LOCAL NATIVES (GENERAL)
1. SOAPSTONE ARTICLES
3. COPPER ARTICLES
4. IRON ARTICLES
5. BRASS ARTICLES
6. FOREIGN STONES
7. BEADS
8. WHORLS
9. GLASS POTTERY AND CHINA
10. A MEDIÆVAL ARAB TRADING STATION
DEGREE OF DURABILITY OF WALLS
DILAPIDATIONS
REMAINS OF NATIVE HUTS FOUND IN THE RUINS
PASSAGES
ENTRANCES AND BUTTRESSES
CAUSE OF DILAPIDATION TO ENTRANCE BUTTRESSES
DRAINS IN ELLIPTICAL TEMPLE
DRAINS AT ACROPOLIS RUINS
DRAINS IN VALLEY OF RUINS
THE BATTERING OF WALLS
MONOLITHS
SOAPSTONE MONOLITHS AND BEAMS
NUMBER OF MONOLITHS STILL MORE OR LESS ERECT
SLATE AND GRANITE BEAMS.
CEMENT DADOES
BUILT-UP CREVICES
HOLES IN WALLS OTHER THAN DRAINS
BLIND STEPS AND PLATFORMS
ANCIENT WALLS AT A DISTANCE FROM ANY MAIN RUINS ARE OF A LESS SUPERIOR CONSTRUCTION
CEMENT
ANCIENTS AND CAVES AND ROCK HOLES
CONSTRUCTION
MEASUREMENTS OF MAIN WALL
SUMMIT OF MAIN WALL
FOUNDATION
CHEVRON PATTERN
GROUND SURFACE OF EXTERIOR OF MAIN WALL
NORTH-WEST ENTRANCE
THE NORTH ENTRANCE
WESTERN ENTRANCE
NO. 1 ENCLOSURE
NO. 2 ENCLOSURE
NO. 3 ENCLOSURE
NO. 4 ENCLOSURE
NO. 5 ENCLOSURE
NO. 6 ENCLOSURE
NO. 7 ENCLOSURE
THE SMALL TOWER
THE PARALLEL PASSAGE
8a. THE PLATFORM
NO. 9 ENCLOSURE
NO. 10 ENCLOSURE
SOUTH APPROACH TO NO. 10 ENCLOSURE
NO. 11 ENCLOSURE
NO. 12 ENCLOSURE
NO. 13 ENCLOSURE
NO. 14 ENCLOSURE
NO. 15 ENCLOSURE
CENTRAL AREA
PLATFORM AREA
INNER PARALLEL PASSAGE
SOUTH PASSAGE
WEST PASSAGE
OUTER PARALLEL PASSAGE
SOUTH-EAST ANCIENT ASCENT
WESTERN ENCLOSURE
PLATFORM ENCLOSURE
CLEFT ROCK ENCLOSURE
THE PLATFORM
BALCONY WALL
LITTLE ENCLOSURE
THE WINDING STAIRS
UPPER PASSAGE
EAST PASSAGE
BUTTRESS PASSAGE
SOUTH ENCLOSURE A
SOUTH CAVE
SOUTH PASSAGE
SOUTH ENCLOSURE B
SOUTH ENCLOSURE C
CENTRAL PASSAGE
THE EASTERN TEMPLE
THE ANCIENT BALCONY
BALCONY ENCLOSURE
BALCONY CAVE
GOLD FURNACE ENCLOSURE
UPPER GOLD FURNACE ENCLOSURE
PATTERN PASSAGE
NORTH PLATEAU
NORTH PARAPET
NORTH-WEST ANCIENT ASCENT
THE WATER GATE RUINS
TERRACED ENCLOSURES ON NORTH-WEST FACE OF ZIMBABWE HILL
SOUTH TERRACE
THE “OUTSPAN RUINS”
POSSELT RUINS
SECTION A OF POSSELT RUINS
POSSELT RUINS. SECTION B
PHILIPS RUINS
MAUND RUINS
RENDERS RUINS
MAUCH RUINS
SOUTH-EAST RUINS
NO. 1 RUINS
RIDGE RUINS
CAMP RUINS NO. 1
CAMP RUIN NO. 2
EAST RUINS
OTHER RUINS WITHIN THE ZIMBABWE RUINS’ AREA
RUIN NEAR CHENGA’S KRAAL
CHENGA’S AND MADAVID PATH RUINS
MAPAKU, OR “LITTLE ZIMBABWE” RUINS
APPENDIX
NOTE E
INDEX
