Ancient Rome : from the earliest times down to 476 A. D.
This compilation is designed to be a companion to the author's History of Greece. It is hoped that it may fill a want, now felt in many high schools and academies, of a short and clear statement of the rise and fall of Rome, with a biography of her chief men, and an outline of her institutions, manners, and religion.
For this new edition the book has been entirely rewritten, additional matter having been introduced whenever it has been found necessary to meet recent requirements.
The penults of proper names have been marked when long, both in the text and Index. The Examination Papers given are introduced to indicate the present range of requirement in leading colleges.
The maps and plans have been specially drawn and engraved for this book. The design has been to make them as clear and open as possible; consequently, names and places not mentioned in the text have, as a rule, been omitted.
ROBERT F. PENNELL. RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA, July. 1890.
(Illustration: GAIUS IULIUS CAESAR.)
Italy is a long, narrow peninsula in the southern part of Europe, between the 38th and 46th parallels of north latitude. It is 720 miles long from the Alps to its southern extremity, and 330 miles broad in its widest part, i.e. from the Little St. Bernard to the hills north of Trieste. It has an area of nearly 110,000 square miles, about that of the State of Nevada.
The Alps separate Italy on the north and northwest from the rest of Europe. The pass over these mountains which presents the least difficulties is through the Julian Alps on the east. It was over this pass that the Barbarians swept down in their invasions of the country. The Apennines, which are a continuation of the Alps, extend through the whole of the peninsula. Starting in the Maritime Alps, they extend easterly towards the Adriatic coast, and turn southeasterly hugging the coast through its whole extent. This conformation of the country causes the rivers of any size below the basin of the Po to flow into the Tyrrhenian (Tuscan) Sea, rather than into the Adriatic.
Robert F. Pennell
ANCIENT ROME
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO 476 A.D.
PREFACE.
ANCIENT ROME.
CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY OF ITALY.
CHAPTER II. THE EARLY INHABITANTS OF ITALY.
CHAPTER III. THE ROMANS AND THEIR EARLY GOVERNMENT.
CHAPTER IV. THE EARLY GROWTH AND INTERNAL HISTORY OF ROME.
CHAPTER V. THE DYNASTY OF THE TARQUINS.
CHAPTER VI. THE CONSULS AND TRIBUNES.
CHAPTER VII. THE COMITIA TRIBUTA AND THE AGRARIAN LAWS.
CHAPTER VIII. THE CONTEST OF THE PLEBEIANS FOR CIVIL RIGHTS.
CHAPTER IX. EXTERNAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER X. WARS WITH PYRRHUS (281-272).
CHAPTER XII. FOREIGN CONQUEST.
CHAPTER XIII. ROME AND CARTHAGE BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND PUNIC WARS
CHAPTER XV. THE SECOND PUNIC WAR.-FROM CANNAE TO THE BATTLE OF ZAMA
CHAPTER XVI. ROME IN THE EAST.
CHAPTER XVII. THE SYRIAN WAR.
CHAPTER XVIII. CONQUEST OF MACEDONIA AND GREECE. (171-146.)
CHAPTER XIX. THE THIRD PUNIC WAR, AND FALL OF CARTHAGE.
CHAPTER XX. ROME AND SPAIN.-THE NUMANTINE AND SERVILE WARS. (206-132.)
CHAPTER XXI. INTERNAL HISTORY.—THE GRACCHI.
CHAPTER XXIII. THE CIMBRI AND TEUTONES.—POLITICAL QUARRELS.
CHAPTER XXIV. INTERNAL HISTORY.-THE SOCIAL WAR (90-88).
CHAPTER XXV. MARIUS AND SULLA.-CINNA.
CHAPTER XXVII. CAESAR.—CICERO.—VERRES.
CHAPTER XXVIII. TROUBLES AT ROME.—CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE.
CHAPTER XXIX. THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE.
CHAPTER XXX. CAESAR'S CAMPAIGNS IN GAUL.
CHAPTER XXXI. CLODIUS AND MILO.—DEATH OF CRASSUS.
CHAPTER XXXII. CAESAR'S STRUGGLE WITH POMPEY.—BATTLE OF PHARSALIA.
CHAPTER XXXIII. CAESAR'S OPERATIONS IN EGYPT, ASIA, AFRICA, AND SPAIN.
CHAPTER XXXIV. MURDER OF CAESAR.
CHAPTER XXXV. THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE.—PHILIPPI AND ACTIUM.
CHAPTER XXXVI. AUGUSTUS (30 B.C.-14 A.D.)
CHAPTER XXXVII. THE AUGUSTAN AGE.
CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE JULIAN AND CLAUDIAN EMPERORS.
CHAPTER XXXIX. THE FLAVIAN EMPERORS.
CHAPTER XL. THE FIVE GOOD EMPERORS.
CHAPTER XLI. PERIOD OF MILITARY DESPOTISM.—DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE.
CHAPTER XLII. INVASIONS AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE BARBARIANS.
CHAPTER XLIII. ROMAN LITERATURE.
CHAPTER XLIV. ROMAN ROADS.—PROVINCES.
CHAPTER XLV.
CHAPTER XLVI. HOUSES, CUSTOMS, INSTITUTIONS, ETC.
CHAPTER XLVII. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, SQUARES, ETC.
CHAPTER XLVIII. COLONIES.—THE CALENDAR.—RELIGION.
CHAPTER XLIX. THE ROMAN ARMY IN CAESAR'S TIME.
CHAPTER L. LEGENDARY ROME.
CHRONOLOGY.
SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPERS.
1887.
YALE COLLEGE.
UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
INDEX.