Identification of the Larger Fungi
DEDICATION
To my parents who encouraged my interests in mushrooms and toadstools and my wife who, later, was sympathetic to my studies and assisted in the production of the manuscript.
Hulton Group Keys
IDENTIFICATION OF THE LARGER FUNGI
by ROY WATLING, B.Sc., Ph.D., M.I.Biol. Principal Scientific Officer, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
Editor of series : Antony R. Kenney, M.A., B.Sc.
© 1973 R. Watling A. R. Kenney ISBN 0 7175 0595 2
First published 1973 by Hulton Educational Publications Ltd., Raans Road, Amersham, Bucks.
Reproduced and printed by photolithography and bound in Great Britain at The Pitman Press, Bath
This is one of a series of books intended to introduce field-biology to students, particularly the sixth form and early university student. The present work is ecologically biased in order to emphasise a rather neglected aspect of the higher fungi.
Few books on fungi have ever been designed for students. This book is aimed primarily at this level, but if the interested amateur is assisted and encouraged by this same text my hopes will have been doubly achieved. Many amateurs interested in higher fungi wish only to name their collections, or know approximately what they are before sampling them as an addition to their diet. An understanding of our commoner species at an early age will allow the ‘budding’ mycologist to tackle the much needed study of the more critical forms. Mycology is still at a descriptive stage, but it is hoped this will soon be changed and fungi of all kinds will be studied as part and parcel of courses in ecology.
It is of course quite impossible to cover all the species in such a small volume as this present one, but it is hoped that the examples which have been carefully chosen are sufficiently common throughout the country for any student to collect them in a single season. The examples, except for very few, in fact appear in the list of higher fungi found about the Kindrogan Field Centre, Perthshire, Scotland, compiled from the collections made by students attending my field course there.
Roy Watling
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE LARGER FUNGI
PREFACE
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Key to the major classes of Larger Fungi
Key to major groups based on character of basidium and fruit-body shape
A. AGARICS AND THEIR RELATIVES
Key to major genera
(i) Agarics of woodlands and copses
(ii) Agarics of Pastures and Meadows
B. BRACKET-FUNGI AND THEIR RELATIVES
(i) Pored and toothed fungi
(ii) Chanterelles and relatives
(iii) Fairy-club fungi
(iv) Resupinate fungi
C. THE JELLY FUNGI
D. THE STOMACH FUNGI
Earth-stars and Earth-balls
Stinkhorns
Birds nest fungi
E. CUP FUNGI AND ALLIES
F. SPECIALIZED HABITATS
(i) Fungi of dung and straw heaps
(ii) Fungi of bonfire-sites
(iii) Fungi of bogs and marshes
(iv) Fungi of beds of herbaceous plants
(v) Fungi of moss-cushions
(vi) Heath and mountain fungi
(vii) Sand-dune fungi
(viii) Subterranean fungi
(ix) Fungal parasites
G. APPENDIX
(i) Species list of specialised habitats
(ii) Glossary of technical terms
(iii) Fairy rings
(iv) Development of the agaric fruit-body
(v) References
INDEX
Transcriber’s Notes