Canning, Freezing, Storing Garden Produce

United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Information Bulletin 410
This is a reprint of Part 4 from the 1977 Yearbook of Agriculture, Gardening for Food and Fun . The Yearbook may be purchased at government bookstores or ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Original page numbers from the entire book are used in this reprint.
Issued in December 1977
The telephone rings in a county Extension office. A harried voice says, “My garden is growing more than my family can eat, what shall I do with it? How can I keep it from spoiling?”
How many times during the gardening season is this scenario repeated in an Extension office? Too often to count! The answers to these questions are readily available in the many bulletins, folders, and leaflets on food preservation available from county, State, and Federal Extension agencies. The publications tell how to preserve food safely and wholesomely, but do little else to explain why directions must be followed precisely. Let’s take a look at the whys.
To understand food preservation, first consider the sources. Home garden food comes from plants: sources of raw food are living, biological entities, continuing to metabolize after they are harvested. Plants also provide a source of food for micro-organisms which can grow on or in them, spoiling food before it can be eaten. The primary objective of food preservation is to prevent food spoilage by preserving food until it can be used by people.
Historically, food preservation and processing assured a food supply and prevented starvation. This is probably the major reason why food is processed today in many developing countries. In the United States, however, affluence and a plentiful food supply now influence the reasons for food preservation. Today, Americans live many miles from rural areas where food is produced. Consequently, food must be preserved to assure the nonfarm population an adequate supply.