United States Presidents' Inaugural Speeches: From Washington to George W. Bush
Fellow-Citizens of the Senate and of the House of Representatives:
Among the vicissitudes incident to life no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the 14th day of the present month. On the one hand, I was summoned by my Country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predilection, and, in my flattering hopes, with an immutable decision, as the asylum of my declining years—a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me, being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with despondence one who (inheriting inferior endowments from nature and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration) ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions all I dare aver is that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by an affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which mislead me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality in which they originated.
Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act my fervent supplications to that Almighty Being who rules over the universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect, that His benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States a Government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every instrument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the Great Author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it expresses your sentiments not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible Hand which conducts the affairs of men more than those of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency; and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil deliberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can not be compared with the means by which most governments have been established without some return of pious gratitude, along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections, arising out of the present crisis, have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence.
United States. Presidents
INAUGURAL ADDRESSES OF THE PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
GEORGE WASHINGTON, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1789
GEORGE WASHINGTON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1793
JOHN ADAMS INAUGURAL ADDRESS
IN THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1797
THOMAS JEFFERSON FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
IN THE WASHINGTON, D.C., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1801
THOMAS JEFFERSON SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
IN WASHINGTON D.C., MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1805
JAMES MADISON FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1809
JAMES MADISON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1813
JAMES MONROE FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1817
JAMES MONROE, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1821
JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1825
ANDREW JACKSON, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829
ANDREW JACKSON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1833
MARTIN VAN BUREN, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1837
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1841
JAMES KNOX POLK, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1845
ZACHARY TAYLOR, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1849
FRANKLIN PIERCE, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1853
JAMES BUCHANAN, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1857
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1861
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1865
ULYSSES S. GRANT, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1869
ULYSSES S. GRANT, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1873
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1877
JAMES A. GARFIELD INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1881
GROVER CLEVELAND, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1885
BENJAMIN HARRISON, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1889
GROVER CLEVELAND, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1893
WILLIAM MCKINLEY FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1897
WILLIAM MCKINLEY, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1901
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1905
WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, MARCH 4, 1909
WOODROW WILSON, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1913
WOODROW WILSON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 5, 1917
WARREN G. HARDING, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, MARCH 4, 1921
CALVIN COOLIDGE, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1925
HERBERT HOOVER, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, MARCH 4, 1929
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1933
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1937
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, THIRD INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, JANUARY 20, 1941
FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, FOURTH INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1945
HARRY S. TRUMAN, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1949
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1953
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1957
JOHN F. KENNEDY, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1961
LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1965
RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, JANUARY 20, 1969
RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
SATURDAY, JANUARY 20, 1973
JIMMY CARTER, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 1977
RONALD REAGAN, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
TUESDAY, JANUARY 20, 1981
RONALD REAGAN, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
MONDAY, JANUARY 21, 1985
GEORGE BUSH, INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 1989
WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
JANUARY 20, 1993
WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
JANUARY 20, 1997
GEORGE W. BUSH, FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
FRIDAY, JANUARY 20, 2001
GEORGE W. BUSH, SECOND INAUGURAL ADDRESS
THURSDAY, JANUARY 20, 2005
NOTES—PRESIDENTS WHO WERE NOT INAUGURATED