Studies in the History and Method of Science, vol. 1 (of 2)

Transcriber’s notes :
In this transcription a black dotted underline indicates a hyperlink to a page, illustration or footnote; hyperlinks are also indicated by aqua highlighting when the mouse pointer hovers over them. A red dashed underline indicates the presence of a concealed comment that can be revealed by hovering the mouse pointer over the underlined text. Page numbers are shown in the right margin. Footnotes are located at the end of the book.
Potential problems: The text contains numerous foreign and uncommon typographic characters. In addition to Greek, there are passages of Hebrew and Arabic text (which read from right-to-left and are normally right justified) that will not necessarily display correctly with all browsers. If some characters look abnormal, first ensure that the browser’s ‘character encoding’ is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You might also need to change the default font. Standard fonts such as Times New Roman, Georgia or Lucida Sans Unicode are sometimes adequate, but it might be necessary to use a less-common font such as Arial Unicode MS, DejaVu, Segoe UI Symbol or FreeSerif to see all characters correctly. Right alignment of the Hebrew and Arabic paragraphs will generally only be apparent with a monospaced font such as DejaVuSansMono.
Some diacritics don’t display consistently with all fonts and all browsers. For example, the Greek letter υ̑ occurs in several words and with some browsers and fonts the inverted breve is displaced towards the following letter (as might be the case here); the same anomaly occurs with macrons above letters in some old English words. The Hebrew passage contains several letters with single or double overhead dots (of uncertain significance) that can’t be replicated on screen – the passage is hyperlinked to an image of the original for anyone wishing to see it.
Roman numerals are widely used and often in archaic ways. Numerals followed by an italicised l , s , or d indicate monetary values in imperial pounds shillings and pence units, e.g. xxxiii l . vi s . viii d . represents 33 pounds 6 shillings 8 pence (a space sometimes separates the numeral from the unit). The last ‘i’ (‘one’) in a roman numeral was often represented by the letter ‘j’; hence iiij d is equivalent to 4 pence, and ‘ij holownesses’ should be read as ‘two holownesses’.