Wood and Forest
As in the other volume, the credit for the successful completion of the book is to be given to my wife, Anna Gausmann Noyes, who has made the drawings and maps, corrected the text, read the proof, and carried the work thru to its final completion.
Acknowledgments are hereby thankfully made for corrections and suggestions in the text to the following persons:
Mr. A. D. Hopkins, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology, for revision of the text relating to Insect Enemies of the Forest, in Chapter VI.
Mr. George G. Hedgcock, of the United States Bureau of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, for revision of the text relating to the fungal enemies of the forest, in Chapter VI.
Mr. S. T. Dana and Mr. Burnett Barrows, of the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, for revision of Chapters IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII.
Professor Charles R. Richards, formerly Head of the Manual Training Department of Teachers College, my predecessor as lecturer of the course out of which this book has grown.
Professor M. A. Bigelow, Head of the Department of Botany of Teachers College, for revision of Chapter I, on the Structure of Wood.
Mr. Romeyn B. Hough, of Lowville, N. Y., author of American Woods and Handbook of the Trees of the Northern States and Canada , for suggestions in preparing the maps in Chapter III.
The Forest Service, Washington, D. C., for photographs and maps credited to it, and for permission to reprint the key to the identification of woods which appears in Forest Service Bulletin No. 10, Timber , by Filibert Roth.
The Division of Publications, U. S. Department of Agriculture, for permission to copy illustrations in bulletins.
William Noyes
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WOOD AND FOREST
NEW YORK CITY
FOREWORD
GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE STRUCTURE OF WOOD.
THE GRAIN OF WOOD.
THE STRUCTURE OF WOOD.
PROPERTIES OF WOOD.
THE SHRINKAGE OF WOOD.
THE WEIGHT OF WOOD.
THE STRENGTH OF WOOD.
CLEAVABILITY OF WOOD.
ELASTICITY OF WOOD.
HARDNESS OF WOOD.
TOUGHNESS OF WOOD.
THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF AMERICAN WOODS.
THE DISTRIBUTION AND COMPOSITION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN FORESTS.
THE FOREST ORGANISM.
SOIL.
MOISTURE.
TEMPERATURE.
LIGHT.
THE FOREST ORGANISM.
NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE FOREST.
METEOROLOGICAL FORCES.
VEGETABLE ENEMIES.
ANIMAL ENEMIES.
THE EXHAUSTION OF THE FOREST.
FIRE.
DESTRUCTIVE LUMBERING.
THE USE OF THE FOREST.
UTILIZATION.
PRESERVATION.
IMPROVEMENT.
THE USE OF THE FOREST.
HOW TO USE THE KEY.
KEY TO THE MORE IMPORTANT WOODS OF NORTH AMERICA.
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