The Geologic Story of Yellowstone National Park
A review of the geologic processes and events responsible for the spectacular natural wonders of the Yellowstone country, commemorating the 100th anniversary of the oldest and largest of our national parks.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC. 20402—Price $1.25 Stock Number 2401-1209
“ and behold! The whole country beyond was smoking with vapor from boiling springs, and burning with gases issuing from small craters, each of which was emitting a sharp, whistling sound. The general face of the country was smooth and rolling, being a level plain, dotted with cone-shaped mounds. On the summit of these mounds were small craters from four to six feet in diameter. Interspersed among these on the level plain were larger craters, some of them four to six miles across. Out of these craters, issued blue flames and molten brimstone. ”
Description credited to Joseph Meek, 1829; quotation from page 40 of the book “The Yellowstone National Park” by Hiram Martin Chittenden (as edited and published by Richard A. Bartlett, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1964). Photograph is of Midway Geyser Basin.
“ Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled , that the tract of land in the territories of Montana and Wyoming lying near the headwaters of the Yellowstone River is hereby reserved and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or sale under the laws of the United States, and dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people ”
Approved March 1, 1872—signed by:
James G. Blaine, Speaker of the House
Schuyler Colfax, Vice-President of the United States and President of the Senate
Ulysses S. Grant, President of the United States
By William R. Keefer
Illustrated by John R. Stacy
Based on a planned series of technical reports resulting from comprehensive geologic studies in Yellowstone National Park by the author and his colleagues, H. R. Blank, Jr., R. L. Christiansen, R. O. Fournier, J. D. Love, L. J. P. Muffler, J. D. Obradovich, K. L. Pierce, H. J. Prostka, G. M. Richmond, Meyer Rubin, E. T. Ruppel, H. W. Smedes, A. H. Truesdell, H. A. Waldrop, and D. E. White.
William R. Keefer
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Foreword
Contents
Figures
Yellowstone Country
A geological preview
Geologic History of the Yellowstone Region
The nature of the rocks reveals their origins
The oldest rocks
The deposits of the shifting seas
The first mountain-building episode
Volcanic activity
A quiet period
More mountain building and deep erosion
Formation of the Yellowstone Caldera
The eruption
The collapse
The outpouring of lava
Final Sculpturing of the Landscape
Glaciation
Running water—canyons and waterfalls
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone
Hot-Water and Steam Phenomena
How a thermal system operates
Hot-spring deposits and algae
Hot springs and geysers
Mudpots
Fumaroles
Thermal explosions
Faulting and its control of thermal activity
Earthquakes
Footnotes
Transcriber’s Notes