HEALTH AND DISEASE.

Points.	Corresponding to the Condition of
Points.	Health.	Disease.
1. Temperament	Vivacious.	Dull.
2. Coat	Healthy.	Staring.
3. Membranes	Pale and moist.	Florid and dry.
4. Appetite	Good.	Bad.
5. Pulse	36 to 40 per minute.	50 to 90.
6. Respirations	8 to 12 per minute.	20 to 50.
7. Temperature, external	Warm.	Cold.
8. Temperature, internal	98°.4 to 100°.	101° to 105°.

On entering a stall to determine the state of an animal the temperament and coat are first observed. To examine the membranes, elevate the nostrils so as to obtain a good view of the interior, ascertain the condition of the appetite by observation or a trustworthy source. Take the pulse for a full minute. The best and most usual place to take it is beneath the lower jaw, at a spot corresponding to the swell of the jaw; this failing, as it sometimes does in cases of extreme weakness, the artery inside the arm, near where the leg joins the body, should be sought for. The number of beats, whether soft or hard, and whether regular or intermittent, should be noted.

The respirations are best observed at the flank, an inspiration and expiration going to make up one respiration.

The external temperature is ascertained by feeling the ears and extremities.

The internal temperature is obtained by means of a clinical thermometer. Set the instrument at 98°.4 F., insert it in the dock, and allow it to remain in the body three or four minutes.