ORGANIZATION OF ARTILLERY.
Artillery troops are divided into light artillery and heavy artillery. To the light artillery belongs the service of the batteries which manœuvre with troops in the field.
The light-artillery batteries include horse-batteries, in which the cannoneers are mounted on horseback; field-batteries, in which the cannoneers march by the side of their pieces, or are mounted on the ammunition-chests, axle-seats, and off horses; and mountain-batteries, in which the pieces may be transported on pack-animals.
Machine-batteries are designated, according to their equipment and model of gun, as horse, field, or mountain, Gatling, Gardner, etc., batteries.
The 3.2-inch gun is used in both field-and horse-batteries; the 3.6-inch gun is used in field-batteries only.
A field-battery equipped with the 3.2-inch gun is called a light field-battery; one equipped with the 3.6-inch gun is called a heavy field-battery. A battalion of artillery consists of two, three, or four batteries, and is commanded by a field-officer of artillery.
The heavy artillery of an army in the field consists of those batteries which serve the siege-and position-guns, and the artillery-ammunition and supply trains.
The light artillery of an army corps consists of divisional artillery and corps artillery.
The Divisional Artillery consists of a battalion of from two to four batteries, is an integral part of the division, and is commanded by a field-officer who has a staff consisting of an adjutant (lieutenant), sergeant-major, quartermaster-sergeant, and chief trumpeter.
The Corps Artillery consists of two or more battalions; it is composed of field-and horse-batteries in suitable proportions, and is commanded by a colonel who has a staff consisting of an adjutant (lieutenant), a quartermaster and commissary (lieutenant) sergeant-major, quartermaster-sergeant, and chief trumpeter. All the artillery attached to an army corps constitutes an artillery brigade. A battalion of horse-artillery is attached to and is part of each division of cavalry. In smaller commands a battery may be attached to an infantry or cavalry brigade.
The proportion of artillery is from three to four guns to one thousand men. The chief of artillery of an army or corps is a brigadier-general, and is on the staff of the commander of the corps. The corps artillery is under the orders of the brigadier-general, chief of artillery, and he also assumes control of the divisional artillery in action when ordered to do so by the corps commander.
The field-officer commanding the divisional artillery is the chief of artillery of the division, and is on the staff of the division commander, but he will encamp with the divisional artillery.
COMPOSITION OF LIGHT BATTERIES.
A battery consists of a fixed number of pieces and caissons of a combined battery-wagon and forge, and an artillery-wagon, together with a sufficient number of officers, men, and horses for the efficient service of the battery.
Organization of Light Batteries.—A battery is maintained on one of the following footings: 1, for instruction; 2, for war.
| Field-battery. | Instruction. | War. | |||||
| 6 Guns, 4 Caissons. | 6 Guns, 9 Caissons. | ||||||
| Officers. | Men. | Horses. | Officers. | Men. | Horses. | ||
| Captain | 1 | 1 | Commanding the platoons and caissons. | ||||
| Lieutenants | 3 | 4 | |||||
| Staff-sergeants | 2a | 2 | 3b | 3 | a. First sergeant, stable and veterinary sergeant. | ||
| Sergeants | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||
| Corporals | 9c | 3 | 15d | 9 | b. First sergeant, quartermaster and stable and veterinary sergeants. | ||
| Artificers | 4e | 5f | 5 | ||||
| Trumpeters | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | c. Six gunners and three caisson corporals. | ||
| Guidon | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Wagoner | 1 | 4 | d. Six gunners and nine caisson corporals. | ||||
| Drivers | 24 | 48 | 48 | 96 | |||
| Cannoneers | 36 | 84 | e. Two blacksmiths, one saddler, one machinist. | ||||
| Supernumerary drivers | 8 | ||||||
| Spare horses | 4 | 16 | f. Three blacksmiths, one saddler, one machinist | ||||
| Range-finders. | 2 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 4 | 84 | 66 | 5 | 175 | 144 | |
The machinist should be conversant with the construction and mechanism of the gun, and competent to make the ordinary repairs it may require.
The men should be intelligent, active, and muscular, and not less than five feet five inches, nor more than six feet, in height; very large men are specially undesirable. The great majority should be men accustomed to horses; a suitable proportion must be mechanics.
If a public horse be allowed to each subaltern, the number of horses in the above table will be proportionately increased.
The battery-wagon and forge and the artillery-wagon, when not horsed, must be kept with the battery and equipped with the proper tools and stores.
When a battery on the instruction footing is ordered to march, it must be supplied with additional horses necessary to horse all the carriages.
In horse-batteries, in addition to the number of horses above described, ten saddle-horses (including one spare horse) are required for each gun detachment.
EQUIPMENT.
In garrison the first sergeant, quartermaster-sergeant, stable and veterinary sergeants, and chiefs of section are armed with the sabre, and the caisson corporals, trumpeters, guidon, and drivers also, when specially directed.
In the field the first sergeant, quartermaster-sergeant, stable sergeant, and chiefs of section are armed with the sabre and revolver; all other men are armed with the revolver and knife.
In preparing for a march or field service the kinds and quantities of supplies required will depend on the duration and character of the work. Having determined what is required, divide the work of preparing for service among the officers and non-commissioned officers immediately in charge, and then carefully superintend the work yourself.
Attention is called to the following points:
Rations, forage, medicines, veterinary medicines, instruments, and bandages, leather and spare parts for repairs to harness, carriages, etc., horseshoes, horseshoe-nails, blacksmith's, saddler's, and carpenter's tools (if there be no battery-wagon and forge), field-desk, with a supply of blanks, paper, envelopes, pens, ink, and pencils, the necessary company-books, and a book of telegraph blanks, ammunition (shell, shrapnel, canister, cartridges, fuzes, fuze-cutters, friction-primers, lanyards), oil for harness, cosmoline for guns, equipment and clothing for each man, number and kind of tents, Sibley stoves, axes, hatchets, mauls, scythes, sickles, buckets, spades, shovels, pickaxes, wagon-tongues, coupling-poles, hame-strings, open links, odometer, rope, axle-grease, picket-rope, light jacks, lanterns, matches, cooking utensils, personal outfit.
COOKING UTENSILS.
| PACK IN BOX A. | ||
| Article. | 75 Men. | 150 Men. |
| Dishpans | 2 | 3 |
| Coffee-mill | 1 | 1 |
| Bread-knives | 2 | 2 |
| Meat-knives | 2 | 2 |
| Steel | 1 | 1 |
| Cleaver | 1 | 1 |
| Saw | 1 | 1 |
| Forks, carving | 2 | 3 |
| Forks, spit | 2 | 2 |
| Spoons, long | 2 | 2 |
| Can-openers | 2 | 2 |
| Ladles | 2 | 2 |
| Frying-pans | 2 | 2 |
| Small rations | ||
| PACK IN BOX B. | ||
| Article. | 75 Men. | 150 Men. |
| Coffee-boiler | 1 | 2 |
| Camp-kettles | 4 | 6 |
| Water-buckets | 2 | 3 |
| Dipper | 1 | 1 |
| Hash machine | 1 | 1 |
| 1 axe, 1 spade, 1 shovel, tied together and fastened to outside ofbox. | ||
| Put the camp-kettles inside the coffee-boilers. | ||
Vinegar-keg, 1, Dutch ovens, 2, or Buzzacott oven, 1, for 75 men; double the number for 150 men.
One of the boxes may be large enough to contain the Buzzacott oven. In order to pack it put in the top inverted, and then invert the body of the oven and set it inside the top.