Fossil plants, Vol. 2: A text-book for students of botany and geology

by A. C. Seward

PREFACE

I REGRET that pressure of other work has prevented the completion of this Volume within a reasonable time since the publication of Volume I. Had Volume II been written ten years ago, the discoveries made in the course of the last decade would have given an out-of-date character to much of the subject-matter. It is more especially in regard to the Ferns and the extinct members of the Gymnosperms that our outlook has been materially altered by recent contributions to Palaeobotany. It is, however, some satisfaction to be able to add that recent progress has been relatively slight in that part of the subject dealt with in the first volume.

The original intention was to complete the whole work in two volumes. Soon after the second volume was begun, it became evident that the remaining divisions of the plant-kingdom could not be included within the compass of a single volume. I decided, therefore, to take the consequences of having embarked on too ambitious a plan of treatment, and to preserve uniformity of proportion by reserving the seed-bearing plants for a third volume. The third volume will include the Pteridosperms, other than those briefly described in the final chapter of the present volume, and other classes of Gymnosperms. I propose also to devote such space as is available within the limits of a text-book to the neglected subject of the geographical distribution of plants at different stages in the history of the earth. It is my intention to complete Volume III with as little delay as possible. As I have written elsewhere, the past history of the Flowering plants needs special treatment, and anything more than a mere compilation can be adequately attempted only after considerable research and with the assistance of botanists possessing a special knowledge of different families of Angiosperms. The need of a critical examination of available data in regard to the geological history of this dominant group will not be lost sight of.

I am well aware that while certain genera have received an undue share of attention in the present volume, others have been ignored or treated with scant consideration. For this inconsistency I have no excuse to offer, beyond the statement that the subject is a large one, and selection is necessary even though the work consists of three volumes.

The publication in 1909 of a collection of excellent photographs of Palaeozoic Plants, with brief descriptive notes, by Mr Newell Arber, as one of a series of popular “Nature Books,” bears striking testimony to the remarkable spread of interest in the study of the vegetation of the past, which is one of the outstanding features in the recent history of botanical science.

In the list of illustrations I have mentioned the source of all figures which have been previously published. I would, however, supplement the statement of fact with an expression of thanks to corporate bodies and to individuals who have allowed me to make use of blocks, drawings, or photographs.

I wish to thank my colleague, Mr A. G. Tansley, for placing at my disposal several blocks originally published in the pages of the New Phytologist. To Professor Bertrand of Lille and to his son Dr Paul Bertrand I am indebted for several prints and descriptive notes of specimens in their possession. My friends Dr Nathorst of Stockholm and Dr Zeiller of Paris have generously responded to my requests for information on various points. I wish especially to thank Dr Kidston for several excellent prints of specimens in his collection and for the loan of sections. I have profited by more than one examination of his splendid collection at Stirling. Professor Weiss has generously allowed me to borrow sections from the Manchester University collections, more especially several which have been reproduced in the chapter devoted to the genus Lepidodendron. To Professor F. W. Oliver my thanks are due for the loan of sections from the collection under his charge at University College. I have pleasure also in thanking Dr Scott, not only for lending me sections of a Lepidodendron and for allowing me to use some drawings of Miadesmia originally made by Mrs Scott for reproduction in his invaluable book, Studies in Fossil Botany, but for kindly undertaking the laborious task of reading the proofs of this volume. It would be unfair to express my gratitude to Dr Scott for many helpful suggestions and criticisms, without explicitly stating that thanks to a friend for reading proofs must not be interpreted as an attempt to claim his support for all statements or views expressed. The General Editor of the Series, Mr A. E. Shipley, has also kindly read the proofs. I am under obligations also for assistance of various kinds to Prof. Thomas of Auckland, New Zealand, to Mr Boodle of Kew, to Mr D. M. S. Watson of Manchester, to Mr T. G. Hill of University College, and to Mr Gordon of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. I am indebted to the kind offices of Miss M. C. Knowles for the photograph of the specimen of Archaeopteris hibernica in the Irish National Museum, Dublin, reproduced on [page 561].

Many of the illustrations are reproduced from drawings by my wife: those made from the actual specimens are distinguished by the addition of the initials M. S. I am grateful to her also for some improvements in the letter-press. For the drawings made from sections and for some of the outline sketches I am responsible. I have availed myself freely of the facilities afforded by Professor McKenny Hughes in the Sedgwick Museum of Geology for the examination of specimens under the charge of Mr Newell Arber, the University Demonstrator in Palaeobotany. It is a pleasure to add that, as on former occasions, I am indebted to the vigilance of the Readers of the University Press for the detection of several errors which escaped my notice in the revision of the proofs.

A. C. SEWARD.

Botany School, Cambridge.
March 12, 1910.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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[CHAPTER XII]
SPHENOPHYLLALES (continued from Volume I.). Pp. 1–16.
		PAGE
[Sphenophyllum]		1–7
[Cheirostrobus]		7–12
[Sphenophyllales and Psilotaceae]		12–16
[CHAPTER XIII]
PSILOTALES. Pp. 17–29.
[Psilotum and Tmesipteris]		17–24
[Fossils described by authors as being closely allied to Psilotum]		24–26
[Psilophyton]		26–29
[CHAPTER XIV]
LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 30–91.
[Recent Lycopodiales (General)]		30–33
[Lycopodiaceae (Recent)]		33–49
[Selaginellaceae (Recent)]		49–58
[Isoetaceae (Recent)]		58–66
[Fossil Lycopodiales]		66–91
[Isoetaceae (Fossil)]		66–68
[Pleuromeia]		68–73
[Herbaceous fossil species of Lycopodiales]		73–91
[Lycopodites]		76–84
[Selaginellites]		85–88
[Lycostrobus]		88–91
[Poecilitostachys]		91
[CHAPTER XV]
ARBORESCENT LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 92–195.
[Lepidodendron]		93–181
i.	[General]	93–97
ii.	[Leaves and Leaf-cushions]	97–105
iii.	[Lepidophloios]	105–109
iv.	[The anatomy of Lepidodendron vasculare]	109–123
v.	[Lepidodendron stems as represented by casts and impressions of partially decorticated specimens]	123–128
	a. [Knorria] 124–126; b. [Bergeria] 126, 127; c. [Aspidiaria] 127, 128.
vi.	[Lepidodendroid axes known as Ulodendron and Halonia]	128–139
	a. [Ulodendron] 128–135; b. [Halonia] 135–139.
vii.	[Anatomical characters of vegetative Lepidodendron shoots]	139–181
	1. [Lepidodendron esnostense] 139, 140; 2. [L. rhodumnense] 140; 3. [L. saalfeldense] 141; 4. [L. fuliginosum] 141–160; 5. [L. Harcourtii] 160–163; 6. [L. Wünschianum] 163–171; 7. [L. macrophyllum] 171; 8. [L. Veltheimianum] 171–177; 9. [L. Pedroanum] 177, 178; 10. [L. australe] 178–181.
viii.	[Fertile shoots of Lepidodendreae]	181–195
	A. [Lepidostrobus] 181–191. i. [Lepidostrobus variabilis] 187, 188; ii. [L. oldhamius] 188–190; iii. [L. Brownii, etc.] 190, 191.
	B. [Spencerites] 192–195.
[CHAPTER XVI]
SIGILLARIA. Pp. 196–226.
i.	[General] 196–210; ii. [Leaves] 210–215; iii. [Fertile shoots] 215–218; iv. [The structure of Sigillarian stems] 218–224; v. [Sigillaria Brardi] 224–226.
[CHAPTER XVII]
STIGMARIA. Pp. 227–247.
[CHAPTER XVIII]
BOTHRODENDREAE. Pp. 248–270.
[Bothrodendron] 248–264. a. [B. minutifolium] 251–253; b.[B. punctatum] 254, 255; c. [B. kiltorkense] 255–259. [Anatomy of vegetative shoots of Bothrodendron] 260–262; [Cones of Bothrodendron] 262–264.
[Pinakodendron]		264
[Omphalophloios]		264–266
[General considerations]		266–270
[CHAPTER XIX]
SEED-BEARING PLANTS CLOSELY ALLIED TO MEMBERS OF THE LYCOPODIALES. Pp. 271–279.
	i. [Lepidocarpon] 271–275; ii. [Miadesmia] 275–279.
[CHAPTER XX]
FILICALES. Pp. 280–323.
I.	[Leptosporangiate Filicales]	283–316
	[Eufilicineae] 284–316. [Osmundaceae] 285, 286; [Schizaeaceae] 286–291; [Matonineae] 291–293; [Loxsomaceae] 293; [Hymenophyllaceae] 294; [Cyatheaceae] 294–296; [Dennstaedtiinae] 296; [Polypodiaceae] 296; [Parkeriaceae] 297; [a]Dipteridinae] 298. [The habit, leaf-form, and distribution of ferns] 300–309; [The anatomy of ferns] 309–316.
II.	[Marattiales]	316–321
III.	[Ophioglossales]	321–323
[CHAPTER XXI]
FOSSIL FERNS. Pp. 324–394.
[Osmundaceae] 324–346; [Schizaeaceae] 346–351; [Gleicheniaceae] 351–355; [Matonineae] 355–363; [Hymenophyllaceae] 363–365; [Cyatheaceae] 365–375; [Polypodiaceae] 375–380; [a]Dipteridinae] 380–394.
[CHAPTER XXII]
MARATTIALES (FOSSIL). Pp. 395–411.
[Ptychocarpus] 397; [Danaeites] 398; [Parapecopteris] 398; [Asterotheca] 398–400; [Hawlea] 400; [Scolecopteris] 401, 402; [Discopteris] 402–404; [Dactylotheca] 404–406; [Renaultia] 406; [Zeilleria] 407; [Urnatopteris] 407; [Marattiopsis] 407–409; [Danaeopsis] 409; [Nathorstia] 410, 411.
[CHAPTER XXIII]
PSARONIEAE. Pp. 412–426.
[CHAPTER XXIV]
OPHIOGLOSSALES (FOSSIL). Pp. 427–431.
[CHAPTER XXV]
COENOPTERIDEAE. Pp. 432–472.
I.	[Botryoptereae] 434–443
II.	[Zygoptereae] 443–470
[CHAPTER XXVI]
HYDROPTERIDEAE AND SAGENOPTERIS. Pp. 473–483.
[Marsiliaceae] 473–475; [Salviniaceae] 475–477; [Sagenopteris] 477–483.
[CHAPTER XXVII]
GENERA OF PTERIDOSPERMS, FERNS, AND PLANTAE INCERTAE SEDIS. Pp. 484–580.
[Taeniopteris] 485–494; [Weichselia] 494–496; [Glossopteris] 496–512; [Gangamopteris] 512–517; [Lesleya] 517–519; [Neuropteridium] 519–523; [Cardiopteris] 523–525; [Aphlebia] 525–529; [Sphenopteris] 529–532; [Mariopteris, Diplotmema, Palmatopteris] 532–537; [Cephalotheca] 537; [Thinnfeldia] 537–544; [Lomatopteris] 544–546; [Cycadopteris] 546; [Ptilozamites] 546–548; [Ctenopteris] 548–550; [Dichopteris] 550–552; [Odontopteris] 552–556; [Callipteris] 557–559; [Callipteridium] 560; [Archaeopteris] 552–565; [Neuropteris] 565–571; [Cyclopteris] 571, 572; [Linopteris] 572, 573; [Alethopteris] 573–576; [Lonchopteris] 576; [Pecopteris] 576–580.
[INDEX]		Pp. 609–624

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Fig.		Page
[112.]	Sphenophyllostachys	2
[113.]	Sphenophyllostachys Römeri Sphenophyllum trichomatosum S. majus	3
[114, 115.]	Sphenophyllostachys fertilis [Council of the Royal Society of London.]	4, 5
[116.]	Sphenophyllostachys Dawsoni [Mr A. G. Tansley, Editor of the New Phytologist.]	6
[117.]	Cheirostrobus pettycurensis Pseudobornia ursina	8
[118.]	Psilotum triquetrum	18
[119.]	Psilotum triquetrum (anatomy)	20
[120.]	Tmesipteris tannensis	22
[121.]	Lycopodium (seven species)	35
[122.]	Lycopodium squarrosum	36
[123.]	Lycopodium cernuum	37
[124.]	Lycopodium obscurum	38
[125.]	Lycopodium (anatomy of stem)	41
[126.]	Lycopodium (anatomy of cones)	45
[127–129.]	Lycopodium cernuum (cone) [Council of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.]	47–49
[130.]	Selaginella grandis	50
[131.]	Selaginella (anatomy)	52
[132.]	Isoetes echinospora I. lacustris	59
[133.]	Isoetes lacustris (anatomy)	62
[134.]	Pleuromeia Sternbergi	70
[135.]	Selaginellites and Lycopodites	80
[136.]	Lycopodites lanceolatus [Council of the Geological Society of London.]	81
[137.]	Lycopodites falcatus	83
[138.]	Selaginellites primaevus	86
[139.]	Lycostrobus Scotti	89
[140.]	Picea excelsa	94
[141.]	Lepidodendron Sternbergii	97
[142.]	Sigillaria (leaves)	98
[143.]	Lepidodendron (leaves)	99
[144.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum	101
[145.]	Lepidodendron leaf-cushion	102
[146.]	Lepidodendron and Lepidophloios leaf-cushions	104
[147.]	Lepidophloios leaf-cushion	108
[148–155.]	Lepidodendron vasculare	112–122
[156.]	Knorria mirabilis	125
[157.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum (Ulodendron)	129
[158.]	Diagrammatic section illustrating the branch-theory of the Ulodendroid scar [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	132
[159.]	Pinus clausa	134
[160.]	Lepidophloios scoticus	135
[161.]	Halonia tortuosa	136
[162–167.]	Lepidodendron fuliginosum [Council of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.]	143–147
[168.]	Lepidodendron vasculare and L. fuliginosum	148
[169.]	Lepidodendron fuliginosum	149
[170–172.]	L. fuliginosum	150–152
[173.]	Lepidodendron obovatum	154
[174–176.]	Lepidodendron aculeatum [Oxford University Press: Annals of Botany.]	155, 156
[177.]	Stigmaria radiculosa	157
[178.]	Stigmarian rootlet	158
[179.]	Lepidodendron Harcourtii and L. fuliginosum	162
[180.]	Lepidodendron Wünschianum	163
[181, 182.]	L. Wünschianum	165, 166
[183, 184.]	L. Wünschianum [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	168, 169
[185.]	Lepidodendron Veltheimianum	173
[186.]	L. Veltheimianum and L. macrophyllum	176
[187.]	Lepidodendron australe [Dr H. Woodward, Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	179
[188, 189.]	Lepidostrobus	183, 184
[190.]	Lepidodendron and Lepidostrobi	186
[191.]	Lepidostrobus	188
[192.]	Spencerites insignis [Oxford University Press: Annals of Botany.]	193
[193.]	Sigillaria elegans, S. rugosa, S. tessellata, Omphalophloios anglicus	197
[194.]	Sigillaria McMurtriei	199
[195.]	Sigillaria mammillaris	199
[196.]	Sigillaria Brardi, S. laevigata, and Lepidodendron Wortheni	200
[197.]	Carica sp.	202
[198, 199.]	Sigillaria	205, 206
[200.]	Sigillaria Brardi	212
[201.]	Sigillariostrobus	216
[202.]	Sigillaria elegans and S. elongata	220
[203.]	Sigillaria Brardi	225
[204, 205.]	Stigmaria ficoides	227, 228
[206.]	Cyperus papyrus	230
[207, 208.]	Stages in the development of Sigillaria	236
[209.]	Stigmariopsis	237
[210.]	Stigmaria	241
[211.]	Bothrodendron punctatum	250
[212.]	Bothrodendron minutifolium, B. punctatum, B. kiltorkense and Lepidostrobus Olryi	252
[213.]	Bothrodendron minutifolium	254
[214.]	Bothrodendron Leslei [Trustees of the British Museum.]	258
[215.]	Bothrodendron mundum	259
[216.]	Bothrostrobus [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	263
[217.]	Omphalophloios	265
[218.]	Lepidocarpon Lomaxi	273
[219.]	Miadesmia and Bothrodendron	276
[220.]	Angiopteris evecta and Cycas revoluta	283
[221.]	Osmunda cinnamomea, O. regalis, and Todea barbara	286
[222.]	Schizaea elegans	287
[223.]	Aneimia rotundifolia	288
[224.]	Aneimia flexuosa, A. phyllitidis, Hymenophyllum, Matonia pectinata, Thyrsopteris elegans, Gleichenia	289
[225.]	Gleichenia dicarpa	290
[226.]	Gleichenites Rostafinskii, Gleichenia dicarpa, G. dichotoma	290
[227.]	Matonia pectinata [Council of the Royal Society.]	292
[228.]	Matonia pectinata	293
[229.]	Thyrsopteris elegans, Cyathea spinulosa, Dicksonia coniifolia, D. culcita, Davallia concinna, Alsophila excelsa	294
[230.]	Dicksonia Bertervana [Trustees of the British Museum.]	295
[231.]	Dipteris quinquefurcata, D. conjugata, D. Wallichii, and Polypodium quercifolium	297
[232.]	Davallia aculeata	299
[233.]	Polypodium Billardieri	302
[234.]	Polypodium quercifolium	303
[235.]	Hemitelia capensis	304
[236 a, 236 b.]	Pteris aquilina [Council of the Linnean Society of London.]	305, 306
[237.]	Matonia pectinata, Matonidium, Gleichenia dicarpa, and Trichomanes reniforme (anatomy)	310
[238.]	Trichomanes scandens [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	311
[239.]	Platyzoma microphylla [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	312
[240.]	Cyathea Imrayana [Editor of the New Phytologist.].	313
[241.]	Angiopteris evecta and Marattia fraxinea	317
[242.]	Angiopteris evecta and Danaea	318
[243, 244.]	Angiopteris evecta	319
[245.]	Marattia fraxinea, M. Kaulfussii, Kaulfussia, and Marattiopsis Münsteri	320
[246.]	Ophioglossum vulgatum	322
[247.]	Botrychium virginianum	322
[248.]	Zalesskya gracilis	327
[249.]	Zalesskya diploxylon	328
[250.]	Thamnopteris Schlechtendalii	330
[251.]	Lonchopteris virginiensis	331
[252.]	Osmundites Dunlopi	333
[253, 254.]	Osmundites Kolbei [Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	334, 335
[255.]	O. Kolbei	336
[256.]	Cladophlebis denticulata, Todites Williamsoni, Discopteris Rallii, Kidstonia heracleensis, and Todeopsis primaeva	340
[257, 258.]	Cladophlebis denticulata	342, 345
[259.]	Klukia exilis [Council of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.]	348
[260.]	Ruffordia Goepperti	349
[261.]	Chrysodium lanzaeanum, Lygodium Kaulfussi, Marattia Hookeri	350
[262.]	Gleichenites longipennis, G. delicatula, G. Nordenskioldi and G. Zippei	354
[263.]	Gleichenites hantonensis [Council of the Palaeontographical Society.]	356
[264.]	Laccopteris elegans [Council of the Royal Society.]	357
[265.]	Matonidium Wiesneri, Marattiopsis marantacea, Gleichenites gracilis, Laccopteris Goepperti, and L. Muensteri	358
[266.]	Laccopteris polypodioides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	359
[267.]	Laccopteris [Trustees of the British Museum.]	359
[268.]	? Laccopteris polypodioides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	360
[269.]	Matonidium Goepperti [Editor of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.]	362
[270.]	Senftenbergia elegans, Oligocarpia Brongniartii, Trichomanes sp., Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, Sphenopteris (Hymenophyllites) quadridactylites	364
[271.]	Coniopteris hymenophylloides [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	368
[272.]	C. hymenophylloides	369
[273.]	Coniopteris quinqueloba	370
[274.]	Coniopteris arguta	371
[275.]	Coniopteris arguta and C. hymenophylloides	372
[276.]	Oncopteris Nettvalli	373
[277.]	Protopteris punctata	373
[278.]	Laccopteris polypodioides, L. Muensteri, Dicksonia, Onychiopsis Mantelli, Hausmannia Sewardi, H. Kohlmanni, and Protopteris Witteana	374
[279.]	Adiantides antiquus and A. lindsayoides	376
[280.]	Onychiopsis Mantelli	379
[281.]	Dictyophyllum exile	381
[282.]	Dictyophyllum Nilssoni, Rhizomopteris Schenki, Camptopteris spiralis, and D. exile	382
[283.]	Dictyophyllum rugosum [Trustees of the British Museum.]	384
[284.]	Thaumatopteris Münsteri	386
[285.]	Clathropteris meniscoides	387
[286.]	Clathropteris egyptiaca [Editor of the Geological Magazine.]	388
[287.]	Camptopteris spiralis	389
[288.]	Hausmannia dichotoma	391
[289.]	Hausmannia sp.	393
[290.]	Alethopteris lonchitica, Lonchopteris rugosa, Sphenopteris Hoeninghausi, Parapecopteris neuropteroides,and Pecopteris (Dactylotheca) plumosa	399
[291.]	Ptychocarpus unita, Asterotheca Sternbergii, Danaeites sarepontanus, Hawlea Miltoni, H. pulcherrima, Scolecopteris elegans	400
[292.]	Dactylotheca plumosa	405
[293.]	D. plumosa	406
[294.]	Nathorstia angustifolia and N. latifolia	410
[295.]	Psaronius	414
[296.]	Psaronius infarctus, P. coalescens, P. musaeformis, and P. asterolithus	416
[297.]	Pecopteris Sterzeli	419
[298.]	Caulopteris peltigera and Megaphyton insigne	421
[299.]	Ptychopteris	423
[300.]	Dicksonia antarctica	424
[301.]	Rhacopteris sp.	427
[302.]	Noeggerathia foliosa	429
[303.]	Chiropteris Zeilleri [Annals of the South African Museum.]	430
[304.]	Tubicaulis solenites [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	435
[305.]	Botryopteris cylindrica	439
[306.]	Botryopteris ramosa	441
[307.]	Botryopteris antiqua	442
[308.]	Clepsydropsis antiqua, Etapteris Scotti, Diplolabis forensis, Zygopteris primaria, Stauropteris oldhamia	444
[309.]	Diplolabis forensis, Botryopteris forensis, Corynepteris coralloides, Schizopteris pinnata	445
[310.]	Metaclepsydropsis duplex, Stauropteris oldhamia, Ankyropteris scandens	450
[311.]	Ankyropteris Grayi	451
[312.]	Thamnopteris Schlechtendalii, Ankyropteris corrugata, A. bibractensis	453
[313.]	Ankyropteris bibractensis	454
[314.]	Ankyropteris corrugata	457
[315.]	Ankyropteris corrugata [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	458
[316, 317.]	Ankyropteris corrugata	459, 460
[318.]	Etapteris Scotti [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	462
[319.]	Etapteris, Botryopteris forensis	463
[320.]	Stauropteris oldhamia [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	464
[321.]	Stauropteris oldhamia	467
[322.]	Stauropteris oldhamia [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	468
[323.]	Stauropteris [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	469
[324.]	Asterochlaena laxa [Editor of the New Phytologist.]	472
[325.]	Sporocarp-like bodies (? Sagenopteris)	478
[326.]	Regnellidium diphyllum, Sagenopteris rhoifolia	479
[327.]	Sagenopteris Phillipsi [Trustees of the British Museum.]	480
[328.]	Sagenopteris Phillipsi [Council of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.]	481
[329.]	Taeniopteris multinervis, Lesleya Delafondi	487
[330.]	Taeniopteris Carnoti, T. spatulata, T. coriacea	490
[331.]	Taeniopteris Carruthersi [Annals of the South African Museum.]	491
[332.]	Taeniopteris vittata	493
[333.]	Weichselia Mantelli, W. erratica	495
[334.]	Glossopteris Browniana [Council of the Geological Society of London.]	499
[335, 336.]	Glossopteris Browniana [Trustees of the British Museum.]	500, 501
[337.]	Vertebraria indica	502
[338.]	Vertebraria indica, Onoclea struthiopteris	503
[339.]	Glossopteris fronds attached to rhizome	504
[340, 341.]	Glossopteris indica, G. angustifolia [Trustees of the British Museum.]	506, 507
[342.]	Glossopteris angustifolia var. taeniopteroides [Council of the Geological Society.]	508
[343.]	Blechnoxylon talbragarense	509
[344.]	Glossopteris retifera [Trustees of the British Museum.]	511
[345.]	Gangamopteris cyclopteroides [Trustees of the British Museum.]	515
[346.]	Arberia sp.	517
[347.]	Lesleya simplicinervis	518
[348.]	Neuropteridium validum [Trustees of the British Museum.]	520
[349.]	Neuropteridium intermedium	522
[350.]	Cardiopteris frondosa	524
[351.]	Gunnera manicata	527
[352.]	Sphenopteris obtusiloba, Pecopteris arborescens, Sphenopteris furcata	529
[353.]	Sphenopteris affinis	531
[354.]	Palmatopteris, Mariopteris, Diplotmema Zeilleri, Neuropteris macrophylla, N. heterophylla, N. Scheuchzeri, Alloiopteris Essinghii	535
[355.]	Cephalotheca mirabilis	536
[356.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides, Ptilozamites [Council of the Geological Society.]	539
[357.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides [Council of the Geological Society.]	540
[358.]	Thinnfeldia odontopteroides [Annals of the South African Museum.]	541
[359.]	Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis	542
[360.]	Lomatopteris jurensis, L. Schimperi, Thinnfeldia rhomboidalis	544
[361.]	Ptilozamites Heeri	547
[362.]	Ctenopteris cycadea	549
[363.]	Dichopteris visianica	551
[364.]	Alethopteris lonchitica, Mariopteris muricata, Odontopteris cf. alpina	553
[365.]	Odontopteris minor	554
[366.]	Odontopteris genuina, Callipteridium gigas, Callipteris Pellati, C. lyratifolia	557
[367.]	Callipteris conferta	559
[368.]	Archaeopteris hibernica	561
[369.]	Archaeopteris hibernica, A. archetypus, A.fissilis, A. fimbriata	564
[370.]	Neuropteris with Cyclopteris leaflets [From a block received from Mr Carruthers.]	566
[371.]	Neuropteris heterophylla	568
[372.]	Neuropteris macrophylla	569
[373.]	Neuropteris Scheuchzeri	570
[374.]	Linopteris neuropteroides	573
[375.]	Alethopteris Serlii	575
[376.]	Pecopteris arborescens	578

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