Return from Captivity
Old Testament Division—Fifth Period
LEADING EVENTS AND PERSONS
Return from Captivity.—After seventy years, Cyrus, king of Persia, allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple under Zerubbabel (Ezra 1:1-11). Altar set up once more (Ezra 3:1-7). The Temple begun (Ezra 3:8, and following passages). The prophets Haggai and Zechariah encouraged the people (see books under their names).
Sixty years elapsed of which we know nothing.
Ezra goes to Jerusalem to institute reforms, such as prohibiting mixed marriages of Jews with other nations (Ezra 7:1 to 9:15). He interpreted the law (Neh. 8:1-18) and celebrated the Feast of Tabernacles.
Nehemiah, cup-bearer to Artaxerxes, the king. Became solicitous for the city of Jerusalem and its broken walls, prayed for guidance, and was rewarded by the king's assistance (Neh. 1:1 to 2:8). Opposed by Sanballat (Neh. 2:19, 20; 4:1-8; 6:1-14). A great popular religious festival was held (Neh. 8:1-18). Judah was set apart from strangers (Neh. 9:1-38; 13:1-3). The law of the Sabbath was enforced (Neh. 13:15-22).
TIME.—538 B. C. to about 400 B. C.
PLACES.—Babylon, Jerusalem.
SIGNIFICANCE OF EVENTS.—The return to Jerusalem and the institution of reforms were events of tremendous import to the Jews, and the faithfulness of a few men was given high recognition. The rebuilding of the Temple and reconstruction of the city walls looked forward through four centuries to the fitting setting for the scene of the coming Messiah.