INDEX
References to figures are printed in thick type (248, 197); to systematic position, in italics (391, 430)
- Abralia, [391]
- Absorption of internal portions of shell, [259]
- Abyssal Mollusca, [374]
- Acanthinula, [441]
- Acanthoceras, [399]
- Acanthochiton, [403], [403]
- Acanthodoris, [434]
- Acanthopleura, [403];
- eyes, [188]
- Acavus, [303], [304], [335], [441]
- Acera, [245], [430]
- Achatina, [278], [328–337], [333], [442], [443];
- jaw, [211];
- food, [33];
- size of egg, [124];
- A. fulica, [279]
- Achatinella, [278], [326], [327], [443];
- radula, [234];
- musical sounds, [51]
- Achatinelloides, [332]
- Acicula, [287], [296], [414]
- Acmaea, [405];
- radula, [227]
- Acme, [414]
- Acmella, [314], [415]
- Acroptychia, [336], [414]
- Acrotreta, [504], [508]
- Actaeon, [250], [427], [428], [429];
- radula, [217], [230];
- streptoneurous, [203] n.
- Actaeonella, [430]
- Actaeonia, [432]
- Actaeonina, [250], [429]
- Actinoceras, [394]
- Actinodonta, [447]
- Acusta, [306], [316], [318], [441]
- Adacna, [12], [297], [455]
- Adalaria, [434]
- Adamsiella, [414]
- Addisonia, [412]
- Adelphoceras, [395]
- Adeorbis, [416]
- Admete, [426]
- Aegires, [434]
- Aegista, [305], [316], [441]
- Aegoceras, [398]
- Aeolis, [10], [152], [432];
- radula, [217], [229];
- stinging cells, [65];
- mimicked by Sagartia, [68];
- warning coloration, [72]
- Aerope, [328], [333], [440];
- radula, [215];
- habits, [54]
- Aestivation, [25]
- Aetheria, [328–336], [452];
- variation, [92]
- Africarion, [333], [440]
- Agaronia, [426]
- Age of snails, [39]
- Aglossa, [7]
- Agnatha, habits, [51]
- Akiodoris, [434]
- Alaba, [415]
- Alaria, [418]
- Alariopsis, [420]
- Albersia, [320]
- Albino varieties, [87]
- Alcadia, [348–351], [410]
- Alderia, [432]
- Alexia, [439]
- Alicia, [459]
- Allognathus, [441]
- Allopagus, [452]
- Alloposidae, [384]
- Alvania, [415]
- Alycaeus, [266], [302] f., [309], [319], [414]
- Amalia, [440]
- Amalthea, [78]
- Amaltheus, [398]
- Amastra, [443]
- Amaura, [411]
- Amberleya, [409]
- Ambonychia, [449]
- Amicula, [404]
- Ammonites, [247], [393], [398], [398];
- sutures, [396];
- aptychus, [397]
- Ammonoidea, [396] f.
- Amnicola, [325], [415]
- Amoria, radula, [222]
- Ampelita, [335], [442]
- Amphibola, [10], [18], [439];
- breathing, [151];
- radula, [236]
- Amphibulimus, [352], [442];
- radula, [233]
- Amphidoxa, [358]
- Amphidromus, [301], [305], [317], [310], [359], [442];
- radula, [233]
- Amphineura, [8], [400];
- breathing organs, [154], [168];
- nervous system, [203];
- genitalia, [145]
- Amphipeplea, [439]
- Amphiperas, [419]
- Amphisphyra, [430]
- Amphissa, [423]
- Amphitretus, [383]
- Ampullaria, [17], [416];
- self-burial, [42];
- spawn, [125];
- breathing organs, [151], [158];
- jaws, [212];
- shell, [249], [263];
- operculum, [268];
- distribution, [294], [320], [322], [343], [359]
- Ampullarina, [302], [439]
- Ampullina, [411]
- Amussium, [450]
- Amycla, [423]
- Anabathron, [415]
- Anachis, [423]
- Anadenus, [24], [441]
- Anal glands, [241]
- Anal siphon, [164], [173]
- Anastomopsis, [442]
- Anatina, [274], [275], [459]
- Anatinacea, [458];
- gills, [167]
- Anaulus, [414]
- Anchistoma, [293], [296]
- Ancilla, [267], [426]
- Ancillina, [426]
- Ancistrochirus, [391]
- Ancistromesus, [405]
- Ancistroteuthis, [391]
- Ancula, [434];
- radula, [229], [230];
- warning coloration, [72]
- Anculotus, [417]
- Ancyloceras, [247], [399]
- Ancylus, [19], [439];
- breathing, [162];
- hibernating, [27];
- radula, [235]
- Aneitea, [325], [443]
- Angitrema, [340], [417]
- Anisocardia, [451]
- Anodonta, [259], [341], [452];
- shower of, [47];
- variation, [92];
- Glochidium, [147];
- gill, [167];
- otocyst, [197];
- nervous system, [206];
- hinge, [274];
- A. anatina, [24];
- distribution, [282]
- Anodontopsis, [451]
- Anoglypta, [325], [441]
- Anomia, [257], [448], [464];
- intestine, [241];
- byssus hole, [262];
- hearing, [196]
- Anomiacea, [448]
- Anoplophora, [451]
- Anostoma, [248], [266], [356], [358], [442];
- aperture, [63]
- Anthracosia, [451]
- Anura, [424]
- Anus, [209], [241]
- Apera, [334], [440]
- Aperostoma, [344], [414]
- Aphanotrochus, [408]
- Aphelodoris, radula, [230]
- Apicalia, [422]
- Aplacophora, [9], [404];
- radula, [228]
- Aplecta, [354], [439]
- Aplustrum, [245], [428], [430];
- radula, [230]
- Aplysia, [245], [428], [431];
- stomach, [239];
- purple fluid, [65]
- Aplysioidea, [430]
- Aporrhais, [418];
- radula, [215]
- Apricardia, [455]
- Aptychus, [397]
- Aptyxiella, [417]
- Aptyxis, [424]
- Aral Sea, Limnaea from near, [84];
- Cardium from, [91]
- Arca, [14], [171], [273], [448];
- eyes, [191]
- Arcacea, [448]
- Arcachon, oyster-parks at, [105]
- Arcestes, [397]
- Archidoris, [434], [434];
- protective coloration, [73]
- Architeuthis, [378], [390], [390];
- sucker, [381]
- Arcomya, [458]
- Arconaia, [307], [452]
- Arctic shells, colour of, [86]
- Arcuella, [422]
- Argiope, [470], [472], [479], [487];
- parasite of, [485];
- distribution, [486];
- fossil, [501], [506], [508]
- Argiopidae, [506], [508]
- Argobuccinum, [420]
- Argonauta, [383], [383];
- egg-laying, [127];
- hectocotylised arm, [137];
- radula, [236]
- Arinia, [413]
- Ariolimax, [441], [341];
- radula, [233]
- Arion, [440];
- shell, [175], [245], [246];
- hardier than Helix, [24];
- voracity, [30] f.;
- egg-laying, [42] f.;
- protective coloration, [70];
- pulmonary orifice, [160];
- food, [179];
- smell, [193] f.;
- radula, [233];
- distribution, [285]
- Arionta, [341], [353], [441]
- Ariophanta, [301], [308], [309], [316], [440];
- protective coloration, [70]
- Aristotle, on modified arm of polypus, [138]
- Artemis, [454]
- Arthuria, [403]
- Asaphis, [456]
- Ascoceras, [394]
- Ascoglossa, [11] n., [431]
- Ashford, C., on pulsations of heart in Helix, [26];
- on homing of Helix, [35];
- on dart-sac, [143]
- Asolene, [416]
- Aspergillum, [262], [459]
- Aspidelus, [329], [440]
- Aspidoceras, [399]
- Assiminea, [415]
- Astarte, [451]
- Asthenothaerus, [459]
- Astralium, [409]
- Athoracophorus, [443]—see [Janella]
- Athyris, [499], [500], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Atilia, [423]
- Atlanta, [421], [422];
- foot, [200]
- Atopocochlis, [330], [441]
- Atremata, [511]
- Atretia, distribution, [486], [487]
- Atrypa, [501], [502], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Atrypidae, [501], [505], [508]
- Aturia, [393], [395]
- Atys, [428], [430]
- Aucapitaine, H., on tenacity of life, [38]
- Aucella, [449]
- Aulopoma, [157], [304], [414];
- operculum, [269]
- Aulosteges, [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507]
- Auricula, [439], [439]
- Auriculella, [327], [443]
- Auriculidae, [17], [18], [260], [439], [439];
- lung, [160];
- eyes, [186];
- radula, [235]
- Austenia, [301], [304], [440]
- Avellana, [430]
- Avicula, [254], [258], [449], [449];
- eyes, [190];
- genital orifice, [242];
- A. margaritifera, [100]
- Aviculopecten, [450]
- Aviculopinna, [449]
- Axinus, [452]
- Azeca, [442]
- Azygobranchiata, [155], [407]
- Babinka, [447]
- Bactrites, [395]
- Baculites, [399]
- Baikalia, [290], [415]
- Baird, Mr., on the British Museum snail, [37]
- Balea, [442];
- B. perversa, [24], [41]
- Baltic, fauna of the, [12], [83], [366]
- Bankivia, [408]
- Barbatia, [448]
- Barleeia, [415]
- Barnacle, Rev. H. G., on musical sounds, produced by Mollusca, [51]
- Barometers, snails as, [50]
- Bartlettia, [452]
- Basilissa, [376], [408]
- Basommatophora, [11], [19], [181], [438]
- Basterotia, [451]
- Bateson, W., on variation in Cardium, [91];
- on hearing in Anomia, [196]
- Bathmoceras, [395]
- Bathydoris, [433]
- Bathyteuthis, [390]
- Batissa, [320], [453]
- Beddomea, [304]
- Beecher on phylogeny, [509]
- Beetles, prey on Mollusca, [58]
- Bela, [426];
- radula, [219]
- Belemnites, [380]
- Belemnitidae, [387]
- Belemnosepia, [390]
- Bellerophon, [266], [407]
- Belopetra, [380]
- Belopteridae, [388]
- Belosepia, [386], [388]
- Beloteuthis, [390]
- Bembix, [376], [408]
- Benedictia, [290], [415]
- Benthobia, [377]
- Benthodolium, [377]
- Berendtia, [441]
- Beudant, experiments on Mollusca, [12]
- Bideford Bridge and mussels, [117]
- Binney, Dr., on epiphragm, [28]
- Binneya, [341], [441]
- Biradiolites, [456]
- Birds, devour Mollusca, [56] f.
- Bithynella, [289], [293], [415]
- Bithynia, [336], [342], [415];
- stomach, [239];
- habitat, [25]
- Bittium, [416]
- Blaesospira, [346], [351]
- Blandiella, [16], [414]
- Blanfordia, [414]
- Blind Mollusca, [185]
- Blood, [171]
- Bodö, land Mollusca, [24]
- Boeuf and French oysters, [107]
- Bolma, [409]
- Boltenia, [346]
- Boreofusus, radula, [221]
- Bornella, [433];
- stomach, [239]
- Borsonia, [426]
- Borus, [356–358], [441]
- Bourcieria, [357], [410]
- Bourguetia, [417]
- Bourguignatia, [332]
- Bouvier—see [Fischer]
- Boysia, [302], [442]
- Brachial apparatus, types of, [500]
- Brachiopoda, fossil, limestone formed of, [492];
- shell, [493], [497];
- muscle scars on, [494], [501];
- platform, [495];
- synopsis of families, [503];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506];
- phylogeny and ontogeny, [509];
- Orders, [511]
- Brachiopoda, recent, [463];
- historical account of, [464];
- shell, [465];
- body, [469];
- digestive system, [471];
- body cavity, [472];
- heart, [473];
- excretory organs, [474];
- muscles, [475];
- nervous system, [478];
- reproductive system, [478];
- embryology, [479];
- habits, [482];
- distribution, [484];
- classification, [487];
- affinities, [487]
- Brachytrema, [417]
- Brackish-water species, [14]
- Branchiae, [151], [153], [164]
- Branchial siphon, [155], [164], [173]
- Braun, on self-impregnation, [44]
- Breathing organs—see [Respiration], [Branchiae]
- Brechites, [459]
- Breeding, periodicity in, [129]
- Broderipia, [408]
- Brotia, [305]
- Brownia, [133]
- Buccinanops, [423]
- Buccinopsis, [424];
- radula, [221], [222];
- egg-laying, [128]
- Buccinum, [6], [424];
- radula, [217];
- monstrosity, [251];
- breeding, [129];
- osphradium, [195];
- spawn, [126]
- Buliminus, [24], [278], [285], [295] f., [316], [331], [339], [442];
- protective habits, [70];
- B. pallidior, [38]
- Bulimulus, [278], [334], [339–359], [442];
- jaw, [211], [233];
- radula, [233];
- variation, [87]
- Bulimus, [278], [342–359], [355], [441];
- radula, [233];
- egg, [124]
- Bulinus—see [Isidora]
- Bulla, [428], [430]
- Bullia, [155], [423];
- habits, [192];
- foot, [198];
- radula, [221]
- Bulloidea, [429]
- Burrowing Mollusca, [446]
- Burying propensities of Mollusca, [27], [41]
- Busycon, [424];
- money made from, [97];
- egg-capsules, [125]—see [Fulgur]
- Butterell, Mr., on habits of Testacella, [52]
- Byssocardium, [455]
- Byssus gland, [201]
- Cadlina, [434]
- Cadoceras, [393]
- Cadulus, [376], [445]
- Caecilianella, [442];
- habitat, [48];
- eyes, [186]
- Calcarella, [133]
- California, land Mollusca, [280]
- Calliostoma, [408];
- jaws, [212]
- Callistochiton, [403]
- Callochiton, [403]
- Callogaza, [408]
- Callonia, [442]
- Callopoma, [409]
- Calma, protective coloration, [74]
- Calybium, [410]
- Calycia, [320], [442]
- Calycidoris, [434]
- Calyptraea, [248], [412]
- Camaena, [305], [306], [315], [316], [441]
- Cambrian, Mollusca of the, [2]
- Camitia, [409]
- Campaspe, [433]
- Camptoceras, [302]
- Camptonyx, [278], [302], [439]
- Campylaea, [285], [289] f., [293], [441]
- Canal, [155]
- Cancellaria, [426]
- Canidia, [16], [305], [423]
- Cannibalism in snails and slugs, [32], [33]
- Cantharidus, [408]
- Cantharus, [275];
- radula, [222]
- Caprina, [456]
- Caprotina, [456]
- Capulus, [412]
- Caracolus, [347–351], [441]
- Carbonicola, [451]
- Cardiacea, [454]
- Cardiapoda, [421]
- Cardilia, [454]
- Cardinal plate, [500]
- Cardinal process, [497], [501]
- Cardinalia, [408]
- Cardinia, [451]
- Cardita, [273], [451]
- Carditella, [451]
- Carditopsis, [451]
- Cardium, [6], [273], [455], [455];
- C. edule, [12], [164];
- modifications, [12];
- variation, [84], [91];
- nervous system, [207];
- distribution, [292], [297]
- Carelia, [327], [443]
- Carinaria, [9], [422], [422];
- foot, [200]
- Carinifex, [439]
- Carolia, [448]
- Cartusiana, [296]
- Carychium, [18], [439]
- Caryodes, [325], [359], [441]
- Casella, radula, [230]
- Caspia, [12], [297]
- Caspian Sea, fauna, [12], [297]
- Cassidaria, [420]
- Cassidula, [18], [278], [439], [439]
- Cassis, [255], [420];
- radula, [223]
- Castalia, [344], [452]
- Cataulus, [157], [266], [304], [414]
- Caterpillars mimicking Clausilia, [68]
- Cathaica, [316], [441]
- Catinella, [443]
- Cavolinia, [158], [436];
- eyes, [186]
- Cecina, [414]
- Cenia, [432];
- breathing, [152]
- Centrodoris, [434];
- radula, [230]
- Centronella, [499], [506], [508]
- Cephalopoda, [378] f.;
- defined, [5];
- ink, [65];
- egg-laying, [127];
- embryo, [133];
- branchiae, [168];
- osphradium, [195];
- foot, [200];
- nervous system, [206];
- jaws, [213];
- radula, [236]
- Cepolis, [349–351], [441]
- Cerastoma, [423]
- Cerastus, [331], [441]
- Cerata of Nudibranchs, [71], [159]
- Ceratites, [397], [398];
- suture, [396]
- Ceratodes, [357], [416]
- Ceres, [21], [354], [410]
- Ceritella, [417]
- Cerithidea, [260], [417];
- C. obtusa, breathing, [152]
- Cerithiopsis, [417]
- Cerithium, [16], [416]
- Ceromya, [458]
- Chaetoderma, [404], [404];
- breathing organs, [154];
- nervous system, [203];
- radula, [217], [228]
- Chaetopleura, [403]
- Chama, [257], [272], [446], [455]
- Chamostrea, [458]
- Changes in environment, effect of, [83] f.
- Chank-shell, fishery of, [100]
- Charis, [324], [442]
- Charopa, [319], [323–327], [441]
- Chascax, [424]
- Chelinodura, [430]
- Chelotropis, [133]
- Chenopus, [418]
- Chilidium, [498]
- Chilina, [19], [343], [358]
- Chilinidae, [439];
- radula, [236]
- Chilotrema, [441]
- China, use of shells in, [101]
- Chiropteron, [133]
- Chiroteuthis, [385], [391]
- Chiton, [8], [153], [403];
- egg-laying, [126];
- breathing organs, [153] f.;
- eyes, [188];
- osphradium, [195];
- radula, [228];
- nervous system, [203];
- valves, [401], [402];
- girdle, [403]
- Chitonellus, [404], [404];
- valves, [401]
- Chittya, [16], [348], [351], [414]
- Chlamydephorus, [333], [440]
- Chlamydoconcha, [175], [245], [453]
- Chlamys, [450]
- Chloritis, [306], [311], [319–324], [441]
- Chlorostoma, [408]
- Chlorostracia, [307]
- Choanomphalus, [250], [290], [439]
- Chondrophora, [389]
- Chondropoma, [346–355], [348], [414]
- Chondrula, [285], [295], [296], [442]
- Choneplax, [404]
- Chonetes, [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Choristes, [420]
- Choristoceras, [398]
- Chorus, [423]
- Chromodoris, [434];
- jaws, [212];
- radula, [230]
- Chrysallida, [422]
- Chrysodomus, [423]
- Chrysostoma, [409]
- Cingula, [415]
- Cingulina, [422]
- Cionella, [442]
- Circe, [454], [458]
- Circulatory system, [169]
- Circulus, [408]
- Circumpolar species, [287]
- Cirrhoteuthis, [381], [382]
- Cistella, [467], [470], [472], [475], [476], [479], [480], [487];
- larvae, [481], [483];
- parasite of, [485];
- distribution, [486];
- fossil, [506], [508]
- Cistopus, [385]
- Cistula, [349], [351], [355], [414]
- Cladohepatica, [432]
- Clanculus, [408]
- Classification, [5], [8];
- of Gasteropoda, [8], [11]
- Clathurella, [426]
- Clausilia, [442], [442];
- mimicked by caterpillars, [68];
- monstrosity, [251];
- distribution, [285] f., [294], [305–318], [332], [339–356];
- C. rugosa, [24];
- scalaris, [278]
- Clavagella, [262], [459]
- Clavator, [335], [359], [441]
- Clavatula, [426]
- Clavella, [424]
- Claviger, [329], [417]
- Clea, [16], [305], [423]
- Clementia, [454]
- Cleodora, [436], [436]
- Cleopatra, [294], [328], [331], [336], [416]
- Clessin, on duration of life, [39]
- Clessinia, [12], [297]
- Clio, [436], [436]
- Cliona, enemy of oysters, [112]
- Clione, [158], [438]
- Clionopsis, [437]
- Clitambonites, [498], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508], [511]
- Clithon, [327], [410]
- Clydonites, [398]
- Clymenia, [397]
- Clypidella, [406]
- Cocculina, [408]
- Cochlicella acuta, [278]
- Cochliolepas, [77]
- Cochloceras, [398]
- Cochlodésma, [459]
- Cochlostyla, [124], [278], [313], [315], [441]
- Cockles, use of, [101], [118]
- Coecum, [247], [260], [417], [418]
- Coeliaxis, [334], [442];
- habitat, [49]
- Coelocentrum, [353], [442]
- Coelospira, [505], [508]
- Cold winter, effect on oysters, [112];
- on mussels, [116]
- Collinge, W. E., on growth and burial of shells, [41]
- Collisella, [405]
- Collisellina, [405];
- radula, [227]
- Collonia, [409]
- Colobocephalus, [430]
- Colour of arctic shells, [86]
- Colpodaspis, [430]
- Columbarium, [426]
- Columbella, [423];
- radula, [222]
- Columbellaria, [420]
- Columbellina, [420]
- Columna, [328], [330], [443]
- Cominella, [16], [424]
- Composition of shell, [252]
- Concha, [463]
- Conchidium, [497], [498], [500], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508], [511]
- Concholepas, [267], [423]
- Conidea, [423]
- Conocardium, [455]
- Conorbis, [426]
- Conus, [247], [275], [426];
- poisonous bite, [65];
- tooth, [66];
- shell, [69], [255], [260];
- mimicked by Strombus, [69];
- prices given for rare, [121];
- spawn, [125];
- radula, [218], [220];
- operculum, [269]
- Cookia, [409]
- Coptochilus, [314], [414]
- Coralliophaga, [451]
- Coralliophila, [75], [423]
- Coralliophilidae, radula, [216]
- Corambe, [434]
- Corasia, [311], [319–321]
- Corbicula, [15], [288], [292] f., [453]
- Corbis, [452]
- Corbula, [456]
- Corilla, [303]
- Corona, [27], [442]
- Coronaria, [297]
- Coryda, [346–351], [441]
- Coryphella, [432]
- Cosmoceras, [399]
- Cowry used as money, [96]
- Coyote trapped by Haliotis, [57]
- Cranchia, [391]
- Crania, [464], [467], [468], [469], [471], [472], [473], [475], [476], [477], [487];
- distribution, [485];
- fossil, [493], [494], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [507], [508], [510]
- Craniidae, [487], [496], [504], [508]
- Cranopsis, [265], [406]
- Craspedochiton, [403]
- Craspedopoma, [298], [414]
- Craspedostoma, [408]
- Crassatella, [451]
- Cratena, [432]
- Crawling of Helix, [45]
- Cremnoconchus, [16], [302], [413]
- Crenatula, [75], [449]
- Crenella, [449]
- Crenipecten, [450]
- Crepidula, [248], [257], [412], [412];
- parasitic, [78]
- Crepipatella, [248], [412]
- Creseis, [436], [436];
- eyes, [186]
- Crimora, [434];
- radula, [229]
- Crioceras, [247], [399], [399]
- Cristigibba, [311], [319], [320], [441]
- Crossostoma, [408]
- Crucibulum, [248], [412]
- Cryptochiton, [245], [371], [402], [404]
- Cryptochorda, [425]
- Cryptoconchus, [404]
- Cryptophthalmus, [430]
- Cryptostracon, [353], [441]
- Ctenidia, 151—see [Branchiae]
- Ctenopoma, [346–351], [414]
- Cucullaea, [274], [448]
- Cultellus, [457]
- Cuma, [423]
- Cumingia, [453]
- Cuspidaria, [459];
- branchiae, [168]
- Cuvierina, [436], [436]
- Cyane, [410]
- Cyathopoma, [247], [268], [314], [338], [414]
- Cyclas, [453];
- veliger, [132];
- ova, [146];
- otocyst, [197];
- C. cornea, thread-spinning, [29];
- distribution, [282]
- Cyclina, [454]
- Cyclobranchiata, [156]
- Cyclocantha, [409]
- Cyclomorpha, [414]
- Cyclonassa, [423]
- Cyclonema, [409]
- Cyclophoridae, origin, [21]
- Cyclophorus, [302], [306–319], [329–334], [344], [352–358], [414];
- jaws, [212];
- radula, [21]
- Cyclostoma, [328], [331–338], [414], [414];
- stomach, [239];
- vision, [184];
- osphradium, [195];
- nervous system, [205];
- C. elegans, [287], [288]
- Cyclostomatidae, origin, [21];
- radula, [224];
- gait, [199]
- Cyclostrema, [408]
- Cyclosurus, [247], [337], [414]
- Cyclotopsis, [338], [414]
- Cyclotus, [296], [319], [320], [414]
- Cylichna, [428], [430];
- radula, [215]
- Cylindrella, [247], [260], [278], [343–355], [348], [442];
- monstrosity, [251], [252]
- Cylindrellidae, radula, [233], [234]
- Cylindrites, [430]
- Cylindrobulla, [430]
- Cylindromitra, [425];
- radula, [222]
- Cymbium, [255], [367], [425];
- radula, [221]
- Cymbulia, [437]
- Cymbuliopsis, [437]
- Cynodonta, [424]
- Cyphoma, [419]
- Cypraea, [178], [419];
- prices given for rare, [122];
- mantle-lobes, [177], [178];
- radula, [224];
- shell, [255], [260], [261];
- C. moneta, [96]
- Cypraecassis, [420]
- Cypraedia, [419]
- Cypraeovula, [419]
- Cyprimeria, [454]
- Cyprina, [451]
- Cyrena, [15], [453];
- distribution, [285], [294]
- Cyrenella, [453]
- Cyrtia, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Cyrtoceras, [394]
- Cyrtodaria, [457]
- Cyrtodonta, [452]
- Cyrtolites, [407]
- Cyrtonotus, [448]
- Cyrtotoma, [414]
- Cysticopsis, [346–351], [441]
- Cystiscus, [425]
- Cystopelta, [325], [326], [440]
- Cytherea, [454], [454]
- Dacrydium, [449]
- Daedalochila, [441]
- Dall, W. H., quoted, [35];
- on branchiae, [164]
- Damayantia, [440]
- Daphnella, [426]
- Darbyshire, R. D., on tenacity of life, [39]
- Dardania, [415]
- Dart-sac, [142]
- Daudebardia, [289], [292] f., [440]
- Davidsonia, [505], [508]
- Dawsonella, [410]
- Dayia, [505], [508]
- Decapoda, [385] f.
- Decollation, [260]
- Deep-sea Mollusca, [374]
- De Folin, experiment on Cyclostoma, [157]
- Deianira, [410]
- Delage, experiments on otocysts, [197]
- Delphinula, [409]
- Deltidium, [499]
- Dendronotus, [433];
- protective coloration, [72];
- habits, [51]
- Dentalium, [6], [444], [445];
- used as money, [97];
- veliger, [131];
- radula, [228]
- Dentellaria, [350–355], [441];
- aperture, [63]
- Desert species, [25], [85]
- Deshayesia, [411]
- Desmoulea, [423]
- Development of fertilised ovum, [130] f.
- Dexiobranchaea, [437]
- Diadema, [414]
- Diala, [415]
- Dialeuca, [441]
- Diaphora, [314]
- Diaphorostoma, [412]
- Diastema, [418]
- Diastoma, [417]
- Diaulula, [434]
- Dibaphus, [425]
- Dibranchiata, [380];
- eye, [183];
- nervous system, [207]
- Diceras, [269], [455]
- Didaena, [12], [297], [455]
- Differences of sex, [133]
- Dignomia, [511]
- Digonopora, [134], [144]
- Diloma, [408]
- Dimorphoptychia, [410]
- Dimya, [450]
- Dinobolus, [504], [508]
- Dinoplax, [403]
- Ditocardia, [9], [170], [405] f.
- Diplodonta, [452]
- Diplommatina, [302–327], [413]
- Diplomphalus, [322], [323], [440]
- Diplopoma, [346], [351], [414]
- Dipsaccus, [424]
- Dipsas, [307]
- Discina, [464], [468], [471], [475], [487];
- distribution, [485];
- fossil, [493], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508]
- Discinidae, [487], [496], [504], [508], [511]
- Discinisca, [487], [510];
- distribution, [485], [486]
- Discites, [395]
- Discodoris, [434]
- Discosorus, [394]
- Distortio, [255]—see [Persona]
- Ditropis, [312], [314], [414]
- Docoglossa, [227], [405]
- Dolabella, [428], [431]
- Dolabrifer, [431]
- Dolium, [419];
- acid secretion, [237]
- Donax, [269], [446], [453]
- Dondersia, [404]
- Dorcasia, [333], [441]
- Doridium, [430]
- Doridunculus, [434];
- radula, [229]
- Doriopsis, [434]
- Doris, breathing organs, [159];
- radula, [230]
- Dorsanum, [423]
- Dosidicus, [390]
- Dosinia, [454]
- Doto, [433];
- protective coloration, [71]
- Dreissensia, [14], [123], [452];
- hibernation, [26];
- singular habitat, [48];
- veliger, [132], [146];
- eyes, [192]
- Dreissensiomya, [452]
- Drepania, [434]
- Drillia, [426]
- Drymaeus, [356], [442]
- Dryptus, [356], [441]
- Durgella, [301], [304], [440]
- Dwarf varieties, [88]
- Dybowskia, [290]
- Eastonia, [454]
- Eburna, [267], [424];
- radula, [220]
- Ecardines, [466];
- muscles, [476];
- fossil, [493];
- families, [487], [503], [508]
- Eccyliomphalus, [413]
- Echinospira, [133]
- Edentulina, [338]
- Egg-laying of Arion, [42] f.;
- of Mollusca generally, [123]
- Eglisia, [411]
- Eider-duck, shells used by, [102]
- Elaea, [322], [440]
- Elasmoneura, [411]
- Eledone, [385], [385];
- radula, [236]
- Elizia, [456]
- Elysia, [432];
- protective coloration, [73];
- breathing, [152];
- radula, [217], [230], [432]
- Emarginula, [265], [406]
- Embletonia, [429]
- Emmericia, [415]
- Ena, [296], [442]
- Enaeta, [425]
- Endoceras, [394]
- Endodonta, [325], [334], [441]
- Engina, [424]
- Enida, [408]
- Ennea, [298], [302], [306], [309], [314], [316], [328–337], [440], [440];
- habits, [54];
- E. bicolor, [279]
- Enoplochiton, [403], [403]
- Enoploteuthis, [391]
- Ensis, [457]
- Entocolax, [77], [79], [152]
- Entoconcha, [77], [79], [152], [216]
- Entovalva, [77], [82]
- Ephippodonta, [453];
- commensal, [81]
- Epidromus, [420]
- Epiphragm, [26], [27] f.
- Epipodia, [427]
- Erato, [419]
- Eremophila, [294]
- Ergaea, [248], [412]
- Erinna, [327], [439]
- Erosion, [276]
- Ervilia, [454]
- Erycina, [453]
- Escargotières, [119]
- Estria, [329], [440]
- Estuarine species, [14]
- Ethalia, [409]
- Eucalodium, [260], [353], [442]
- Euchelus, [408]
- Euchrysallis, [420]
- Eudioptus, [442]
- Eudoxochiton, [403]
- Euhadra, [316], [318], [441]
- Eulamellibranchiata, [451];
- gill, [166], [167]
- Eulima, [422];
- parasitic, [77], [79]
- Eulimella, [250], [422]
- Eulota, [296], [441]
- Euomphalus, [247], [413]
- Euplecta, [440]
- Eupleura, [423]
- Euplocamus, [434]
- Eurybia, [438]
- Eurycampta, [346–351]
- Eurycratera, [349], [351], [441]
- Eurystoma, [304]
- Eurytus, [442]
- Euthria, [424]
- Euthyneura, [203]
- Eutrochatella, [347–351], [348], [410]
- Exploring expeditions, [362]
- Eye in Mollusca, [181] f.
- Facelina, [432]
- Fasciolaria, [424];
- radula, [221]
- Fastigiella, [416]
- Favorinus, [432]
- Fenella, [415]
- Fertilised ovum, development, [130] f.
- Ferussacia, [291], [293], [297] f., [442]
- Fiji islanders, use of shells, [98]
- Filibranchiata, [448];
- gill, [166]
- Fiona, [432];
- radula, [217]
- Firoloida, [421]
- Fischer and Bouvier, on breathing of Ampullaria, [158]
- Fischeria, [15], [328], [453]
- Fish devour Mollusca, [59]
- Fissurella, [265], [406];
- breathing organs, [153];
- apical hole, [156];
- nervous system, [204];
- radula, [227];
- growth, [261]
- Fissurellidaea, [406]
- Fissuridea, [406]
- Fissurisepta, [406]
- Fistulana, [262], [457]
- Flabellina, [432]
- Fluminicola, [415]
- Folinia, [415]
- Food of Mollusca, [30] f.;
- Mollusca as food, [102] f.
- Foot, [198];
- in classification, [5]
- Forel, on deep-water Limnaea, [162]
- Formation of shell, [255]
- Fortisia, [429]
- Fossarina, [413]
- Fossarulus, [302], [415]
- Fossarus, [413]
- Fourth orifice in mantle, [174]
- Fresh-water species living in sea, [12];
- frozen hard, [24]
- Frogs and toads devour Mollusca, [58]
- Fruticicola, [285], [290], [316], [318], [441]
- Fruticocampylaea, [296]
- Fryeria, [434]
- Fulgur, [249], [424]
- Fusispira, [420]
- Fusus, [262], [424]
- Gadinia, [152], [431];
- breathing, [18], [151];
- classification, [19];
- radula, [217], [230]
- Gain, W. A., quoted, [32], [33], [39];
- on taste of Mollusca, [179]
- Galatea, [15], [328], [336], [453]
- Galeomma, [175], [453]
- Galerus, [248], [412];
- egg-capsules, [125]
- Garstang, W., on protective and warning coloration, [73]
- Gaskoin, on tenacity of life, [38];
- on egg-laying, [42]
- Gassies, on hybrid union in snails, [130]
- Gasteropoda, on classification, [8], [11], [400] f.
- Gastrana, [453]
- Gastrochaena, [457];
- habits, [64]
- Gastrodonta, [440]
- Gastropteron, [245], [430]
- Gaza, [376], [408]
- Gena, [246], [408]
- Genea, [424]
- Genotia, [426]
- Geomalacus, [160], [288], [291], [441];
- protective coloration, [70]
- Geomelania, [16], [348], [351], [414]
- Georgia, [331], [414]
- Georissa, [318], [410]
- Geostilbia, [338], [442]
- Gerontia, [441]
- Gerstfeldtia, [290]
- Gibbula, [408]
- Gibbus, [328–338], [440], [440]
- Gillia, [415]
- Gills—see [Branchiae]
- Girasia, [301], [304], [440]
- Glandina, [54], [178], [278], [292] f., [339–355], [440];
- radula, [231], [232];
- habits, [53]
- Glands, germ, [134], [140];
- nidamental, [136]
- Glassia, [501], [505]
- Glaucomya, [320], [454]
- Glaucus, [429], [432]
- Gleba, [437]
- Glessula, [301], [309], [310], [333], [442]
- Glochidium, [147]
- Glomus, [448]
- Glossoceras, [394]
- Glossophora, [7]
- Glottidia, distribution, [485], [487]
- Glycimeris, [457]
- Glyphis, [406]
- Glyptostoma, [341], [441]
- Gomphoceras, [394], [395]
- Gonatus, [391]
- Goniatites, [397], [398]
- Goniobasis, [341], [417]
- Goniodoris, [434];
- protective coloration, [73];
- radula, [229]
- Goniomya, [458]
- Gonostoma, [291], [316], [441]
- Goniostomus, [442]
- Grammysia, [459]
- Grateloupia, [454]
- Great Eastern and mussels, [116]
- Greenhouses, slugs in, [35]
- Green oysters, [108]
- Gresslya, [458]
- Growth of shell, [40], [257]
- Guesteria, [440]
- Guildfordia, [409]
- Guivillea, [186], [376], [425]
- Gulls and Mollusca, [56]
- Gundlachia, [19], [325], [345], [352], [359], [439]
- Gymnoglossa, [216], [225], [422]
- Gymnosomata, [437]
- Gyroceras, [247], [395]
- Gyrotoma, [417]
- Hadra, [306], [315], [319–325], [322], [441]
- Hadriania, [423]
- Haemoglobin, [171]
- Hainesia, [336], [414]
- Halia, [366], [426]
- Haliotinella, [431]
- Haliotis, [266], [407];
- and coyote, [57];
- holes of, [156];
- osphradium, [195];
- epipodium, [199];
- nervous system, [204];
- radula, [215], [226]
- Halopsyche, [159], [438], [438]
- Haminea, [428], [430];
- protective coloration, [73]
- Hamites, [399]
- Hamulina, [399]
- Hanleyia, [403]
- Hapalus, [331], [442]
- Harpa, radula, [425], [216], [221];
- self-mutilation, [45]
- Harpagodes, [418]
- Harpoceras, [399]
- Harvella, [454]
- Hatching of eggs, [43]
- Hazay, on duration of life, [39];
- on variation in Limnaea, [93]
- Hearing powers of Mollusca, [196]
- Heart, in classification, [9];
- action during hibernation, [26];
- and branchiae, [169]
- Hectocotylus arm, [137] f.
- Helcion, [405];
- protective coloration, [69]
- Helcioniscus, [405]
- Hele, F. M., on Hyalinia, [33];
- on Stenogyra, [34]
- Helicarion, [309], [316], [325], [332], [440];
- radula, [232];
- habits, [45], [67]
- Helicidae, radula, [232], [234]
- Helicina, [305], [306], [316–327], [338–358], [410];
- origin, [21];
- exterminated by cold, [24]
- Helicophanta, [335], [336], [441], [441]
- Heligmus, [449]
- Helix, [441];
- toothed aperture, [63];
- protective coloration, [70];
- variation, [87];
- carbonic acid, [163];
- eye, [181], [183];
- food, [179];
- smell, [194];
- jaw, [211];
- distribution, [285];
- tenacity of life, [37];
- breeding, [129]
- Helix alternata, [340];
- angulata, [350];
- aperta, [38], [39], [51], [293];
- arbustorum, bathing, [23];
- caperata, variation, [89];
- cereolus, [340];
- cicatricosa, [316];
- crenilabris, [45];
- delphinuloides, [297];
- desertorum, [37], [38], [70], [294];
- fidelis, [341];
- haemastoma, habits, [70];
- harpa, [287];
- hortensis, [10], [279];
- pulsations, [26];
- epiphragm, [28];
- rock-boring, [49];
- dart, [143];
- imperator, [347];
- habits, [45];
- laciniosa, [297];
- lactea, [25], [38], [42], [279];
- lima, [350];
- muscarum, [347];
- nemoralis, [38], [180];
- niciensis, [292];
- nux denticulata, [350];
- palliata, [340];
- pisana, [25];
- habits, [33];
- pomatia, [25], [34], [40];
- eye, [181];
- pomum, [322];
- pulchella, [279];
- richmondiana, [322];
- rosacea, [259];
- rostrata, [347];
- rota, [314];
- rufescens, pulsations, [26];
- similaris, [279];
- souverbiana, [336], [441];
- strigata, [293];
- tristis, habits, [49];
- turricula, [297];
- Veatchii, [38];
- Waltoni, [304];
- Wollastoni, [297];
- zonata, [293]
- Helix aspersa, homing, [35];
- smell, [36];
- duration of life, [39];
- growth, [40];
- strength, [45];
- boring rock, [50];
- variation, [87], [89];
- eaten, [119];
- hybrid union, [130];
- generative organs, [140] f., [141];
- dart-sac, [143];
- pulmonary chamber, [160];
- radula, [217];
- alimentary canal, [237];
- monstrosities, [251], [252];
- growth, [258];
- distribution, [279], [289]
- Hemiarthrum, [403]
- Hemicardium, [455]
- Hemidonax, [453]
- Hemifusus, [424]
- Hemipecten, [450]
- Hemiplecta, [310], [316], [319], [321], [440]
- Hemisepius, [389]
- Hemisinus, [357], [417]
- Hemitoma, [265]
- Hemitrichia, [314]
- Hemitrochus, [346–351], [441]
- Hemphillia, [245], [341], [441]
- Hercoceras, [395]
- Herdman, Prof. W. A., on cerata of Nudibranchs, [71] f.;
- experiments on taste of Nudibranchs, [72];
- on Littorina rudis, [151] n.
- Hermaea, [432];
- protective coloration, [73]
- Hermaphrodite Mollusca, [134], [140], [145]
- Hermit-crabs, shells used by, [102]
- Hero, [432]
- Heterocardia, [454]
- Heterodiceras, [455]
- Heteropoda, [9], [420] f.;
- radula, [228];
- foot, [200]
- Heudeia, [316], [410]
- Hexabranchus, [434]
- Hibernation, [25], [163]
- High altitudes, Mollusca living at, [24]
- Himella, [15]
- Hindsia, [424]
- Hindsiella, [453]
- Hinge area, [493], [498]
- Hinge, in bivalves, [272]
- Hinnites, [257], [450]
- Hipponyx, [248], [412]
- Hippopus, [455]
- Hippurites, [455], [456]
- Histiopsis, [391]
- Histioteuthis, [391]
- Holcostoma, [417]
- Holohepatica, [433]
- Holopella, [411]
- Holospira, [339], [353], [442]
- Holostomata, [156]
- Homalogyra, [413];
- radula, [223]
- Homalonyx, [245], [343-358], [443]
- Homing powers of Mollusca, [34]
- Homorus, [330–337], [443]
- Hoplites, [399]
- Hoplopteron, [422]
- Horea, [332]
- Horiostoma, [409]
- Hot springs, Mollusca living in, [25]
- Huronia, [394]
- Hyalaea, [10], [436]
- Hyalimax, [245], [305], [306], [338], [443]
- Hyaline stylet, [240]
- Hyalinia, [440];
- pulsations, [26];
- food, [33];
- smell, [194];
- dart, [143];
- radula, [232], [234];
- distribution, [287] f., [318], [340–357];
- H. alliaria, [279];
- smell, [194];
- cellaria, [279];
- Draparnaldi, [33]
- Hyalocylix, [437]
- Hyalosagda, [352]
- Hybocystis, [305], [309], [414]
- Hybridism, [129]
- Hydatina, [430];
- radula, [231]
- Hydrobia, [325], [332], [415];
- H. ulvae, egg-laying, [128]
- Hydrocena, [298], [410];
- radula, [226]
- Hymenoptera build in dead shells, [102]
- Hypobranchaea, [434];
- radula, [230]
- Hypotrema, [448]
- Hypselostoma, [248], [302], [305], [314], [442]
- Hyria, [344], [452]
- Hystricella, [297]
- Ianthina, [360], [126], [411];
- egg-capsules, [125];
- eyes, [186];
- radula, [224]
- Iapetella, [385]
- Iberus, [285–293], [297], [441]
- Ichthyosarcolites, [456]
- Idalia, [179], [429], [434];
- radula, [229], [230]
- Idas, [449]
- Idiosepion, [389]
- Illex, [390]
- Imbricaria, [425];
- radula, [221]
- Imperator, [409]
- Indians of America, use of shells, [100]
- Infundibulum, [408]
- Inioteuthis, [389]
- Ink-sac, [241]
- Inoceramus, [449]
- Insects eaten by Mollusca, [32]
- Insularia, [319], [320]
- Intestine, [241]
- Io, [16], [340], [417]
- Iopas, [423]
- Iphigenia, [15], [453]
- Iravadia, [305], [415]
- Iridina, [294]
- Irus, [297]
- Isanda, [409]
- Ischnochiton, [403]
- Isidora, [298], [320–327], [333], [336], [359], [439]
- Ismenia, [404]
- Isocardia, [269], [451], [451]
- Isodonta, [453]
- Isomeria, [343], [356], [441]
- Issa, [434]
- Jamaicia, [414]
- Janella, [161], [443];
- pulmonary orifice, [161]
- Janellidae, radula, [234];
- distribution, [321–326]
- Janus, [432]
- Japonia, [318]
- Jaws, [210]
- Jeanerettia, [346–351], [441]
- Jeffreys, Dr., on Limnaea, [34];
- on Neptunea, [193]
- Jeffreysia, [415];
- radula, [223]
- Jorunna, protective coloration, [73]
- Jouannettia, [457]
- Jullienia, [307], [415]
- Jumala, [424]
- Kaliella, [301], [304], [310], [314–317], [335], [440]
- Kalinga, [434]
- Kashmir, land Mollusca, [280]
- Katherina, [403]
- Kelletia, [424]
- Kellia, [453]
- Kellyella, [452]
- Kidneys, [242]
- King, R. L., on smell in bivalves, [195]
- Kingena, [506], [508]
- Kitchen-middens, [104]
- Koninckella, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Koninckina, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Koninckinidae, [501], [505], [508]
- Kutorgina, [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508];
- embryonic shell, [509]
- Labial palps, [210]
- Labyrinthus, [342], [353–357], [441];
- aperture, [63]
- Lacaze-Duthiers on Testacella, [52] f.;
- on smell in Helix, [194]
- Lacuna, [413]
- Lacunopsis, [332]
- Lagena, [424]
- Lagochilus, [309], [316–319], [414]
- Lamellaria, [245], [411];
- habits and protective coloration, [74];
- parasitic, [78];
- radula, [223]
- Lamellidoris, [434];
- radula, [229], [230], [231]
- Lampania, [417]
- Land Mollusca, origin, [11] f.
- Lanistes, [249], [294], [328], [331], [416]
- Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, on shell-gland, [132];
- on haemoglobin, [171]
- Lantzia, [278], [338], [439]
- Laoma, [441]
- Larina, [302], [417]
- Larvae of Pelecypoda, [7];
- of insects resembling Mollusca, [67] f.
- Lasaea, [453]
- Latia, [19], [326], [439]
- Latiaxis, [423]
- Latirus, [424]
- Latter, O. H., on Glochidium, [147]
- Layard, E. L., on self-burying Mollusca, [41];
- on sudden appearance of Stenogyra, [47];
- on Coeliaxis, [49];
- on Rhytida and Aerope, [54]
- Leda, [447]
- Leia, [348–351], [442]
- Leila, [344], [452]
- Leonia, [414]
- Lepeta, [405]
- Lepetella, [405]
- Lepetidae, radula, [227]
- Lepidomenia, [404];
- radula, [229]
- Leptachatina, [327]
- Leptaena, [500], [501], [502], [503], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Leptaxis, [441]
- Leptinaria, [357], [358], [442]
- Leptochiton, [403]
- Leptoconchus, [75], [423]
- Leptoloma, [348], [351]
- Lepton, [453];
- parasitic, [77];
- commensal, [80];
- mantle-edge, [175], [178]
- Leptoplax, [403]
- Leptopoma, [316], [319], [338], [414]
- Leptoteuthis, [390]
- Leptothyra, [409]
- Leroya, [331]
- Leucochila, [442]
- Leucochloridium, [61]
- Leucochroa, [292], [295], [441]
- Leuconia, [439]
- Leucotaenia, [335], [359], [441]
- Leucozonia, [64], [424], [424]
- Levantina, [295]
- Libania, [295]
- Libera, [327], [441];
- egg-laying, [128]
- Libitina, [451]
- Licina, [414]
- Life, duration of, in snails, [39]
- Ligament, [271]
- Liguus, [349], [351], [442]
- Lima, [178], [179], [450];
- habits, [63]
- Limacidae, radula, [232]
- Limacina, [59], [249], [436], [436]
- Limapontia, [429], [432];
- breathing, [152]
- Limax, [245], [440];
- food, [31], [179];
- variation, [86];
- pulmonary orifice, [160];
- shell, [175];
- jaw, [211];
- radula, [217];
- distribution, [285], [324];
- L. agrestis, eats May flies, [31];
- arborum, slime, [30];
- food, [31];
- flavus, food, [33], [36];
- habits, [35], [36];
- gagates, [279], [358];
- maximus, [32], [161];
- eats raw beef, [32];
- cannibalism, [32];
- sexual union, [128];
- smell, [193] f.
- Limea, [450]
- Limicolaria, [329–332], [443]
- Limnaea, [439];
- self-impregnation, [44];
- development and variation, [84], [92], [93];
- size affected by volume of water, [94];
- eggs, [124];
- sexual union, [134];
- jaw, [211];
- radula, [217], [235];
- L. auricularia, [24];
- glutinosa, sudden appearance, [46];
- Hookeri, [25];
- involuta, [82], [278], [287];
- peregra, [10], [180];
- burial, [27];
- food, [34], [37];
- variation, [85];
- distribution, [282];
- palustris, distribution, [282];
- stagnalis, food, [34], [37];
- variation, [85], [95];
- circum-oral lobes, [131];
- generative organs, [414];
- breathing, [161];
- nervous system, [204];
- distribution, [282];
- truncatula, parasite, [61];
- distribution, [282]
- Limnocardium, [455]
- Limnotrochus, [332], [415]
- Limopsis, [448]
- Limpet-shaped shells, [244]
- Limpets as food for birds, [56];
- rats, [57];
- birds and rats caught by, [57];
- as bait, [118]
- Lingula, [464], [467], [468], [471], [472], [473], [475], [477], [478], [487];
- habits, [483], [484];
- distribution, [485];
- fossil, [493], [494], [503];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508], [510], [511]
- Lingulella, [493], [503];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508], [511]
- Lingulepis, [503], [511]
- Lingulidae, [485], [487], [496], [503], [508]
- Linnarssonia, [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508]
- Lintricula, [426]
- Liobaikalia, [290]
- Liomesus, [424]
- Lioplax, [340], [416]
- Liostoma, [424]
- Liostracus, [442]
- Liotia, [408]
- Liparus, [324], [359], [441]
- Lissoceras, [399]
- Lithasia, [340], [417]
- Lithidion, [414]
- Lithocardium, [455]
- Lithodomus, [449]
- Lithoglyphus, [294], [296], [297], [415]
- Lithopoma, [409]
- Lithotis, [302], [443]
- Litiopa, [30], [361], [415]
- Littorina, [413];
- living out of water, [20];
- radula, [20], [215];
- habits, [50];
- protective coloration, [69];
- egg-laying, [126];
- hybrid union, [130];
- monstrosity, [251], [252];
- operculum, [269];
- erosion, [276];
- L. littorea, in America, [374];
- obtusata, generative organs, [135];
- rudis, [150];
- Prof. Herdman’s experiments on, [151] n.
- Littorinida, [415]
- Lituites, [247], [395]
- Liver, [239];
- liver-fluke, [61]
- Livinhacea, [333], [359], [441]
- Livona, [408];
- radula, [226];
- operculum, [268]
- Lloyd, W. A., on Nassa, [193]
- Lobiger, [432]
- Lobites, [397]
- Loligo, [378–389];
- glands, [136];
- modified arm, [139];
- eye, [183];
- radula, [236];
- club, [381];
- L. punctata, egg-laying, [127];
- vulgaris, larva, [133]
- Loligopsis, [391]
- Loliguncula, [390]
- Loliolus, [390]
- Lomanotus, [433]
- Lophocercus, [432]
- Lorica, [403]
- Lowe, E. J., on growth of shell, [40]
- Loxonema, [417]
- Lucapina, [406]
- Lucapinella, [406]
- Lucerna, [441]
- Lucidella, [348–351], [410]
- Lucina, [270], [452]
- Lucinopsis, [454]
- Lung, [151], [160]
- Lunulicardium, [455]
- Lutetia, [452]
- Lutraria, [446], [456]
- Lychnus, [442]
- Lyonsia, [458]
- Lyonsiella, [458];
- branchiae, [168]
- Lyra, stratigraphical distribution, [507]
- Lyria, [425]
- Lyrodesma, [447]
- Lysinoe, [441]
- Lytoceras, [398]
- Maackia, [290]
- Macgillivrayia, [133]
- Machomya, [458]
- Maclurea, [410]
- Macroceramus, [343–353], [442]
- Macroceras, [440]
- Macrochilus, [417]
- Macrochlamys, [296], [299], [301] f., [310], [316–322], [440]
- Macrocyclis, [358], [359], [442]
- Macron, [424]
- Macroön, [441]
- Macroscaphites, [247], [399], [399]
- Macroschisma, [265], [406]
- Mactra, [271], [446], [454]
- Macularia, [285], [291], [292] f., [441]
- Magas, [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Magellania, [500]
- Magilus, [75], [423]
- Mainwaringia, [302]
- Malaptera, [418]
- Malea, [419]
- Malletia, [447]
- Malleus, [449]
- Mangilia, [426]
- Mantle, [172] f., [173];
- lobes of, [177]
- Margarita, [408];
- radula, [225]
- Marginella, [425];
- radula, [221]
- Mariaella, [314], [338], [440]
- Marionia, [433]
- Marmorostoma, [409]
- Marrat, F. P., views on variation, [82]
- Marsenia, [133]
- Marsenina, [411]
- Martesia, [305], [457]
- Mastigoteuthis, [390]
- Mastus, [296], [442]
- Matheronia, [455]
- Mathilda, [250], [417]
- Maugeria, [403]
- Mazzalina, [424]
- Megalatractus, [424]
- Megalodontidae, [451]
- Megalomastoma, [344], [414]
- Megalomphalus, [416]
- Megaspira, [358], [442]
- Megatebennus, [406]
- Megerlia, distribution, [486], [487]
- Meladomus, [249], [328], [331], [416]
- Melampus, [18], [199], [250], [439], [439]
- Melanatria, [336]
- Melania, [276], [417], [417];
- distribution, [285], [292] f., [316] f., [324], [336]
- Melaniella, [442]
- Melaniidae, origin, [17]
- Melanism in Mollusca, [85]
- Melanopsis, [417];
- distribution, [285], [291], [292] f., [323], [326]
- Melantho, [340], [416]
- Melapium, [424]
- Meleagrina, [449]
- Melia, [348]
- Melibe, [432]
- Melongena, [424];
- radula, [220];
- stomach, [238]
- Merica, [426]
- Merista, [505], [508]
- Meroe, [454]
- Merope, [327]
- Mesalia, [417]
- Mesembrinus, [356], [442]
- Mesodesma, [454]
- Mesodon, [340], [441]
- Mesomphix, [340], [440]
- Mesorhytis, [377]
- Meta, [423]
- Metula, [424]
- Meyeria, [424]
- Miamira, [434]
- Microcystis, [323], [324], [327], [338], [440]
- Microgaza, [408]
- Micromelania, [12], [297]
- Microphysa, protective habits, [70]
- Microplax, [403]
- Micropyrgus, [415]
- Microvoluta, [425]
- Middendorffia, [403]
- Milneria, [451]
- Mimicry, [66]
- Minolia, [408]
- Mitra, [425];
- radula, [221]
- Mitrella, [423]
- Mitreola, [425]
- Mitrularia, [248], [412]
- Modiola, [446], [449];
- habits, [64];
- genital orifice, [242]
- Modiolarca, [449]
- Modiolaria, [449];
- habits, [78]
- Modiolopsis, [452]
- Modulus, [417]
- Monilia, [408]
- Monkey devouring oysters, [59]
- Monoceros, [423]
- Monocondylaea, [452]
- Monodacna, [12], [297], [455]
- Monodonta, [408], [408];
- tentaculae, [178]
- Monogonopora, [134], [140]
- Monomerella, [496], [504]
- Monopleura, [456]
- Monotis, [449]
- Monotocardia, [9], [170], [411]
- Monstrosities, [250]
- Montacuta, [452];
- M. ferruginosa, commensal, [80];
- substriata, parasitic, [77]
- Mopalia, [403]
- Moquin-Tandon, on breathing of Limnaeidae, [162];
- on smell, [193] f.
- Moreletia, [440]
- Morio, [420]
- Mormus, [356], [442]
- Moseley, H. N., on eyes of Chiton, [187] f.
- Moussonia, [327]
- Mouth, [209]
- Mucronalia, [422]
- Mucus, use of, [63]
- Mulinia, [272]
- Mülleria, [344], [452]
- Mumiola, [422]
- Murchisonia, [265], [407]
- Murchisoniella, [422]
- Murex, [423];
- attacks Arca, [60];
- use of spines, [64];
- egg-capsules, [124];
- eye, [182];
- radula, [220];
- shell, [256]
- Musical sounds, [50]
- Mussels, cultivation of, [115];
- as bait, [116];
- poisonous, [117];
- on Great Eastern, [116]
- Mutela, [294], [328], [331], [336], [452]
- Mutyca, [425]
- Mya, [271], [275], [446], [456];
- stylet, [240];
- M. arenaria, variation, [84]
- Myacea, [456]
- Myalina, [449]
- Mycetopus, [307], [316], [344], [452]
- Myochama, [458]
- Myodora, [458]
- Myophoria, [448]
- Myopsidae, [389]
- Myrina, [449]
- Myristica, [424]
- Mytilacea, [448]
- Mytilimeria, [458]
- Mytilops, [452]
- Mytilopsis, [14]
- Mytilus, [258], [449];
- gill filaments, [166], [285];
- M. edulis, [14], [165];
- attached to crabs, [48], [78];
- pierced by Purpura, [60];
- Bideford Bridge and, [117];
- rate of growth, [258];
- stylet, [240]
- Myxostoma, [414]
- Nacella, [405]
- Naiadina, [449]
- Nanina, [278], [300] f., [335], [440];
- radula, [217], [232]
- Napaeus, [296–299], [316], [442]
- Naranio, [454]
- Narica, [412]
- Nassa, [423];
- egg-capsules, [126];
- sense of smell, [193]
- Nassodonta, [423]
- Nassopsis, [332]
- Natica, [246], [263], [411];
- spawn, [126];
- operculum, [268]
- Naticopsis, [409]
- ‘Native’ oysters, [106]
- Nausitora, [15]
- Nautiloidea, [393]
- Nautilus, [254], [392], [395];
- modified arms, [140];
- eye, [183];
- nervous system, [206];
- radula, [236];
- kidneys, [242]
- Navicella, [267], [268], [324], [327], [410];
- origin, [17]
- Navicula, [358], [442]
- Navicula (Diatom), cause of greening in oysters, [108]
- Nectoteuthis, [389]
- Neda, [431]
- Nematurella, [12], [297]
- Nembrotha, [434]
- Neobolus, [504]
- Neobuccinum, [424]
- Neocyclotus, [357], [358]
- Neomenia, [8], [133], [216], [228], [404], [404];
- breathing organs, [154];
- nervous system, [203]
- Neothauma, [332]
- Neotremata, [511]
- Neptunea, [252], [262], [423];
- egg-capsules, [126];
- capture, [193];
- monstrosity, [251]
- Nerinea, [417]
- Nerita, [17], [410];
- N. polita used as money, [97]
- Neritidae, [260], [410];
- radula, [226]
- Neritina, [256], [410];
- origin, [16], [17], [21];
- egg-laying, [128];
- eye, [181];
- distribution, [285], [291] f., [324], [327];
- N. fluviatilis, habitat, [12], [25]
- Neritoma, [410]
- Neritopsis, [409];
- radula, [226];
- operculum, [269]
- Nervous system, [201] f.
- Nesiotis, [357], [442]
- New Zealanders, use of shells, [99]
- Nicida, [413]
- Ninella, [409]
- Niphonia, [408]
- Niso, [422]
- Nitidella, [423]
- Nodulus, [415]
- Notarchus, [431]
- Nothus, [358], [442]
- Notobranchaea, [438]
- Notodoris, [434]
- Notoplax, [403]
- Novaculina, [305]
- Nucula, [254], [269], [273], [447]
- Nuculidae, otocyst, [197];
- foot, [201]
- Nuculina, [448]
- Nudibranchiata, [432];
- defined, [10];
- protective and warning colours, [71] f.;
- breathing organs, [159]
- Nummulina, [295]
- Nuttallina, [403]
- Obba, [311], [315], [441]
- Obbina, [306], [311], [312], [314], [319]
- Obeliscus, [442]
- Obolella, [496], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508]
- Obolidae, [496], [504], [508]
- Obolus, [504], [508];
- embryonic shell, [509]
- Ocinebra, [423]
- Octopodidae, hectocotylised arm, [137], [139], [140]
- Octopus, [379–386];
- egg-capsules, [127];
- vision, [184];
- radula, [236];
- crop, [238]
- Ocythoe, [384];
- hectocotylus, [138]
- Odontomaria, [407]
- Odontostomus, [358], [442]
- Odostomia, [250], [422];
- parasitic, [78]
- Oesophagus, [237]
- Ohola, [434]
- Oigopsidae, [390]
- Oldhamina, [506], [508]
- Oleacina, habits, [55]
- Oliva, [199], [255], [275], [425], [426]
- Olivancillaria, [426]
- Olivella, [260], [267], [426];
- O. biplicata as money, [97]
- Olivia, [408]
- Omalaxis, [413]
- Omalonyx, habitat, [23]
- Ommastrephes, [6], [378], [390]
- Ommatophores, [180], [187]
- Omphalotropis, [306], [309], [316], [324], [327], [338], [414]
- Onchidiella, [443]
- Onchidiidae, [245];
- radula, [234];
- anus, [241]
- Onchidiopsis, [411]
- Onchidium, [443];
- breathing, [163];
- eyes, [187]
- Onchidoris, radula, [230]
- Oniscia, [420]
- Onoba, [415]
- Onychia, [390]
- Onychoteuthis, [390];
- club, [386]
- Oocorys, [420]
- Oopelta, [329], [440]
- Opeas, [442]
- Operculum, [267] f.
- Ophidioceras, [247], [395]
- Ophileta, [413]
- Opis, [451]
- Opisthobranchiata, [427];
- defined, [9];
- warning, etc., colours, [71] f.;
- generative organs, [144];
- breathing organs, [158];
- organs of touch, [178];
- parapodia, [199];
- nervous system, [203];
- radula, [229]
- Opisthoporus, [266], [300], [314–316], [414]
- Opisthostoma, [248], [309], [413]
- Oppelia, [399]
- Orbicula, [464]
- Orbiculoidea, [504], [510]
- Orders of Mollusca, [5–7]
- Organs of sense, [177]
- Origin of land Mollusca, [11] f.
- Ornithochiton, [403]
- Orphnus, [356], [441]
- Orpiella, [440]
- Orthalicus, [342–358], [355], [442];
- habits, [27];
- variation, [87];
- jaw, [211];
- radula, [233], [234]
- Orthis, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [507], [511]
- Orthoceras, [394], [394]
- Orthonota, [457]
- Orthothetes, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Orygoceras, [247]
- Osphradium, [194] f.
- Ostodes, [327]
- Ostracotheres, [62]
- Ostrea, [252], [258], [446], [449];
- intestine, [241]
- Otina, [18], [439]
- Otoconcha, [326], [440]
- Otocysts, [196] f., [197]
- Otopleura, [422]
- Otopoma, [331], [338], [414]
- Otostomus, [353], [442]
- Ovary, [135]
- Ovoviviparous genera, [123]
- Ovula, [419];
- protective coloration, [70], [75];
- radula, [80], [224];
- used as money, [97]
- Ovum, development of fertilised, [130]
- Oxychona, [358]
- Oxygyrus, [422];
- foot, [200]
- Oxynoe, [432];
- radula, [230]
- Oyster-catchers, shells used by, [102]
- Oyster, cultivation, [104–109];
- living out of water, [110];
- enemies, [110] f.;
- reproduction, [112] f.;
- growth, [114];
- cookery, [114];
- poisonous oysters, [114];
- vision, [190]
- Pachnodus, [329–335], [441], [442]
- Pachybathron, [425]
- Pachychilus, [354]
- Pachydesma crassatelloides, money made from, [97]
- Pachydomidae, [451]
- Pachydrobia, [307], [415]
- Pachylabra, [416]
- Pachyotus, [334], [336], [355], [358], [441]
- Pachypoma, [409]
- Pachystyla, [337], [440]
- Pachytypus, [451]
- Padollus, [407]
- Palaearctic region, [284] f.
- Palaeoneilo, [447]
- Palaeosolen, [457]
- Palaina, [327], [413]
- Palio, [434]
- Pallial line and sinus, [270]
- Pallifera, [340], [440]
- Palliobranchiata, [464]
- Paludina, [416];
- penis, [136];
- eye, [181];
- vision, [184];
- P. vivipara, [24]—see also [Vivipara]
- Paludomus, [332], [336], [338], [417]
- Panama, Mollusca of, [3]
- Panda, [322], [325], [335]
- Pandora, [458]
- Papuans, use of shells, [99]
- Papuina, [309], [319–324], [441]
- Paramelania, [332]
- Paramenia, [404]
- Parasitic worms, [60] f.;
- Mollusca, [74] f.
- Parastarte, [451]
- Parkinsonia, [398]
- Parmacella, [245], [291], [294] f., [438] n., [440];
- radula, [232];
- shell, [175]
- Parmacochlea, [322], [326], [440]
- Parmarion, [309], [440]
- Parmella, [326], [440]
- Parmophorus, [406]
- Parthena, [349–352], [350], [441]
- Parts of univalve shell, [262];
- bivalve, [269]
- Partula, [319–327], [326], [442];
- radula, [233]
- Paryphanta, [321], [325], [440]
- Paryphostoma, [415]
- Passamaiella, [332]
- Patella, [405], [464];
- as food, [56] f.;
- eye, [182];
- radula, [214], [215], [227];
- crop, [238];
- anus, [241];
- kidneys, [242];
- shell, [262];
- P. vulgata, veliger, [132];
- breathing organs, etc., [156], [157]
- Patelliform shell in various genera, [19]
- Paterina, [509], [510], [511]
- Patinella, radula, [227]
- Patula, [297], [298], [318–338], [340], [441]
- Paxillus, [413]
- Pearl oysters, [100]
- Pecten, [446], [450], [450];
- organs of touch, [178];
- ocelli, [191];
- flight, [192];
- nervous system, [206];
- genital orifice, [242];
- ligament, [271]
- Pectinodonta, [405];
- radula, [227]
- Pectunculus, [448]
- Pedicularia, [75], [419];
- radula, [224]
- Pedinogyra, [319], [322], [442]
- Pedipes, [18], [199], [439], [439]
- Pedum, [450]
- Pelagic Mollusca, [360]
- Pelecypoda, [7], [445];
- development, [145];
- generative organs, [145];
- branchiae, [166–169];
- organs of touch, [178];
- eyes, [189] f.;
- foot, [201];
- nervous system, [205]
- Pella, [333]
- Pellicula, [352], [442]
- Peltoceras, [399]
- Pentadactylus, [423]
- Peraclis, [436]
- Pereiraea, [418]
- Perideris, [328–330], [443]
- Periodicity in breeding, [129]
- Periophthalmus, [187]
- Periostracum, [275]
- Periploma, [459]
- Perisphinctes, [399]
- Perissodonta, [418]
- Perissolax, [424]
- Peristernia, [424]
- Perna, [449];
- ligament, [271]
- Pernostrea, [449]
- Peronaeus, [358], [442]
- Peronia, [443]
- Perrieria, [319], [442]
- Perrinia, [408]
- Persicula, [425]
- Persona (= Distortio), [420]
- Petenia, [353], [440]
- Petersia, [420]
- Petraeus, [295], [331], [442]
- Petricola, [454]
- Phacellopleura, [403]
- Phanerophthalmus, [430]
- Phaneta, [408]
- Phania, [312], [441]
- Pharella, [457]
- Pharus, [457]
- Pharynx, [210]
- Phasianella, [409]
- Phasis, [333]
- Phenomena of distribution, [362]
- Philine, [245], [428], [430];
- protective coloration, [73];
- radula, [229], [230]
- Philomycus, [245], [318], [440]
- Philonexis, [138]
- Philopotamis, [304], [417]
- Phoenicobius, [315], [441]
- Pholadacea, [457]
- Pholadidea, [457]
- Pholadomya, [459]
- Pholas, [245], [274], [447], [457];
- in fresh water, [15]
- Phos, [424]
- Photinula, [408]
- Phragmophora, [386]
- Phyllidia, [434];
- breathing organs, [159]
- Phyllirrhoe, [360], [428], [433]
- Phyllobranchus, [432]
- Phylloceras, [398], [398];
- suture, [396]
- Phylloteuthis, [390]
- Physa, [439];
- aestivating out of water, [27];
- spinning threads, [29];
- sudden appearance, [46];
- osphradium, [195];
- nervous system, [205];
- radula, [235];
- P. hypnorum, [23], [27]
- Pileolus, [410]
- Pileopsis, [76]
- Piloceras, [394]
- Pinaxia, [423]
- Pineria, [442]
- Pinna, [449];
- shell, [254]
- Pinnoctopus, [385]
- Pinnotheres, [62]
- Pinoceras, [398]
- Pirena, [417]
- Pirenella, [416]
- Piropsis, [424]
- Pirula—see [Pyrula]
- Pisania, [424]
- Pisidium, [453];
- smell, [195];
- ova, [146];
- P. pusillum, distribution, [282]
- Pitys, [327]
- Placobranchus, [432]
- Placostylus, [322], [323–325], [359], [442];
- radula, [233]
- Placuna, [448];
- P. placenta used for windows, [101]
- Placunanomia, [448]
- Placunopsis, [448]
- Plagioptycha, [347–351], [441]
- Plagioptychus, [456]
- Planaxis, [417]
- Planispira, [311], [312], [319], [441]
- Planorbis, [27], [247], [439];
- monstrosity, [93];
- eye, [181];
- P. albus, distribution, [282]
- Platyceras, [76], [412]
- Platydoris, [434]
- Platypoda, [411]
- Platyschisma, [413]
- Plaxiphora, [403]
- Plecochilus, [442]
- Plecotrema, [439]
- Plectambonites, [505]
- Plectomya, [459]
- Plectopylis, [303], [305], [314], [316];
- aperture, [63]
- Plectostylus, [358], [442]
- Plectotropis, [305], [306], [310], [311], [314–318], [441]
- Plectrophorus, [298]
- Plesiastarte, [451]
- Plesiotriton, [420]
- Pleurobranchaea, [431];
- jaws, [212]
- Pleurobranchoidea, [431]
- Pleurobranchus, [245], [428], [431];
- warning coloration, [73];
- jaws, [212];
- radula, [230]
- Pleurocera, [340], [417]
- Pleuroceridae, origin, [17]
- Pleurodonta, [348];
- aperture, [63]
- Pleuroleura, [433]
- Pleuromya, [458]
- Pleurophorus, [451]
- Pleurophyllidia, [433];
- breathing organs, [159];
- radula, [230]
- Pleuropyrgus, [357]
- Pleurotoma, [426], [426];
- slit, [263], [265]
- Pleurotomaria, [266], [373], [376], [407], [407];
- prices given for recent, [122];
- slit, [156];
- radula, [226]
- Plicatula, [450]
- Pliny the elder, on use of snails, [118], [120]
- Plocamopherus, [434]
- Plochelaea, [425]
- Plutonia, [298], [440]
- Pneumoderma, [158], [437], [438]
- Poecilozonites, [352], [440]
- Poisonous bite of Conus, [65];
- poisonous oysters, [114];
- mussels, [117]
- Polycera, [434];
- radula, [230]
- Polycerella, [434]
- Polyconites, [456]
- Polydontes, [346–351], [347], [441]
- Polygona, [424]
- Polygyra, [340], [345–353], [441];
- aperture, [63]
- Polygyratia, [246], [263], [357], [442]
- Polymita, [346–351], [347], [441]
- Polyplacophora, [9], [401] f.;
- radula, [228]
- Polytremaria, [266], [407]
- Pomatia, [285], [293], [295], [441]
- Pomatias, [288], [289], [292] f., [302], [413]
- Pomatiopsis, [415]
- Pomaulax, [409]
- Pompholyx, [250], [341], [439]
- Ponsonbya, [332]
- Poromya, [459];
- branchiae, [168]
- Porphyrobaphe, [27], [356], [442]
- Position of Mollusca in Animal Kingdom, [4]
- Potamides, [16], [416]
- Potamomya, [15]
- Potamopyrgus, [325], [326], [415]
- Poterioceratidae, [394]
- Praecardium, [459]
- Prasina, [449]
- Prices given for rare shells, [121]
- Primitive mollusc, form of, [245];
- types of, [7]
- Prisogaster, [409]
- Pristiloma, [341], [440]
- Proboscidella, [497], [504]
- Productidae, [497], [500], [504], [508]
- Productus, [492], [501], [502], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [508]
- Promachoteuthis, [389]
- Proneomenia, [404];
- breathing organs, [154];
- nervous system, [203];
- radula, [229]
- Prophysaon, [341], [441];
- habits, [44]
- Propilidium, [405]
- Proserpina, [21], [355], [410]
- Proserpinella, [354], [410]
- Proserpinidae, relationships, [21]
- Prosobranchiata, [9], [404] f.;
- breathing organs, [154]
- Prosocoelus, [451]
- Protective coloration, [69] f.;
- in snails, [70];
- in Nudibranchs, [71] f.;
- in other Mollusca, [74]
- Protegulum, [509]
- Protobranchiata, [447];
- branchiae, [166]
- Protoma, [417]
- Protremata, [511]
- Provocator, [376], [425]
- Psammobia, [456]
- Pseudachatina, [328–330], [443]
- Pseudedmondia, [452]
- Pseudobalea, [350]
- Pseudo-deltidium, [498], [511]
- Pseudodon, [295], [307], [452]
- Pseudolamellibranchiata, [167], [449]
- Pseudoliva, [424]
- Pseudomelania, [417]
- Pseudomilax, [296], [440]
- Pseudomurex, [423]
- Pseudopartula, [323]
- Pseudosubulina, [440]
- Ptenoglossa, [224], [411]
- Pterinaea, [449]
- Pteroceras, [256], [262], [418]
- Pteroctopus, [384]
- Pterocyclus, [266], [267], [300], [316], [414];
- tube, [157]
- Pterodonta, [418]
- Pteropoda, [7], [434];
- breathing organs, [158];
- foot, [200];
- radula, [230]
- Pterotrachaea, [421];
- foot, [200];
- radula, [227]
- Ptychatractus, [424]
- Ptychoceras, [399]
- Ptychodesma, [452]
- Pugilina, [424]
- Pulmonata, [10], [22], [151], [185], [438];
- origin, [17], [19];
- breathing organs, [160];
- nervous system, [203]
- Pulsellum, [444]
- Punctum, [441]
- Puncturella, [265], [406]
- Pupa, [289], [296], [325–357], [442];
- P. cinerea, hybrid union, [129]
- Pupidae, radula, [233]
- Pupilla, [442]
- Pupillaea, [406]
- Pupina, [157], [266], [309], [318–327], [414]
- Pupinella, [318], [414]
- Purpura, [423];
- operculum, [269];
- erosion, [276];
- P. coronata, [367];
- lapillus, feeding on Mytilus, [60];
- on oysters, [111];
- protective coloration, [69];
- variation, [90];
- egg-capsules, [124];
- time of breeding, [129];
- distribution, [363] n.
- Purpuroidea, [423]
- Pusionella, [426]
- Pygocardia, [451]
- Pygope, [497]
- Pyramidella, [422]
- Pyramidellidae, [262]
- Pyrazus, [50], [416]
- Pyrgina, [330]
- Pyrgula, [415]
- Pyrochilus, [441]
- Pyrolofusus, [423]
- Pyrula (= Pirula), [419], [420];
- spawn, [125];
- operculum, [269]
- Pythina, [453]
- Rachiglossa, [220], [422];
- eggs, [124]
- Rachis, [329–335], [441], [442]
- Radiolites, [456]
- Radius, [419]
- Radsia, [403]
- Radula, [213] f.;
- of Littorina, [20];
- of Cyclophorus, [21];
- of parasitic Mollusca, [79]
- Raëta, [454]
- Ranella, [256], [420]
- Range of distribution, [362] f.
- Rangia, [15], [453]
- Ranularia, [420]
- Rapa, [423]
- Rapana, [423]
- Raphaulus, [305], [309]
- Rathouisia, [316], [440]
- Rats devouring Mollusca, [57]
- Realia, [316], [327], [414]
- Recluzia, [411]
- Rectum, [241]
- Registoma, [414]
- Relationship of Mollusca to other groups, [5]
- Renssoellaria, [512]
- Reproductive activity of oyster, [112];
- system in Mollusca, [123], [134] f.
- Requienia, [269], [455], [455]
- Respiration, [150] f.
- Retzia, [508]
- Revoilia, [331], [414]
- Reymondia, [332]
- Rhabdoceras, [398]
- Rhagada, [311], [324]
- Rhenea, [325], [440]
- Rhinobolus, [504]
- Rhiostoma, [247], [266], [309], [414]
- Rhipidoglossa, [225], [405]
- Rhizochilus, [75], [423]
- Rhodea, [356], [441]
- Rhodina, [307], [310], [442]
- Rhynchonella, [466], [470], [471], [472], [474], [483], [487];
- distribution, [487];
- fossil, [492], [497], [499], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [507], [508], [511]
- Rhynchonellidae, [487], [501], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508], [511]
- Rhysota, [67], [310], [314], [316], [319], [440]
- Rhytida, [319–326], [333], [359], [440];
- habits, [54];
- radula, [232]
- Rillya, [442]
- Rimella, [418]
- Rimula, [265], [406]
- Ringicula, [430];
- radula, [230]
- Risella, [413]
- Rissoa, [415]
- Rissoina, [415]
- Robillardia, [77]
- Rochebrunia, [331], [414]
- Rock-boring snails, [49]
- Rolleia, [349]
- Rossia, [389]
- Rostellaria, [418]
- Rudistae, [456]
- Rumina, [260], [442]
- Runcina, [431];
- protective coloration, [73]
- Sabatia, [430]
- Sactoceras, [394]
- Sagda, [348–351], [441]
- Sageceras, [398]
- Salasiella, [353], [440]
- Salivary glands, [237]
- Sandford, on strength of Helix, [45]
- Sandwich islanders, use of shells, [99]
- Sanguinolaria, [456]
- Sarepta, [447]
- Sarmaticus, [409]
- Satsuma, [314], [316], [441]
- Saxicava, [447], [457]
- Saxidomus arata, money made from, [97]
- Scalaria, [247], [263], [411];
- radula, [224]
- Scaldia, [452]
- Scalenostoma, [422]
- Scaliola, [415]
- Scaphander, [428], [429], [430];
- radula, [231];
- gizzard, [238]
- Scaphites, [399], [399]
- Scaphopoda, [444];
- defined, [6];
- breathing organs, [160];
- nervous system, [205];
- radula, [236]
- Scaphula, [14], [305], [448]
- Scarabus, [18], [278], [439], [439]
- Scharff, R., on food of slugs, [31];
- on protective coloration in slugs, [70]
- Schasicheila, [347], [351], [354], [410]
- Schismope, [266], [407]
- Schizochiton, [187], [402], [403]
- Schizodus, [448]
- Schizoglossa, [325], [440]
- Schizoplax, [403]
- Schizostoma, [413]
- Schloenbacia, [398]
- Scintilla, [175], [453]
- Scissurella, [265], [407];
- radula, [226]
- Sclerochiton, [403]
- Scrobicularia, [15], [164], [453];
- siphons, [164]
- Sculptaria, [333]
- Scurria, [405]
- Scutalus, [356], [442]
- Scutellastra, [405]
- Scutus, [245], [406], [406]
- Scyllaea, [433];
- jaws, [212];
- stomach, [239]
- Segmentina, [320]
- Selenites, [339], [341], [440]
- Selenitidae, radula, [231]
- Selenochlamys, [296]
- Self-fertilisation, [42–44]
- Semele, [453]
- Semicassis, [420]
- Semper, K., on habits of Limnaea, [34];
- of Helicarion, [45], [67];
- on mimicry, [67];
- on parasitic Eulima, [79];
- on development of Limnaea, [84], [94];
- on sexual maturity in snails, [129];
- on Onchidium, [187]
- Sepia, [381], [385–387], [389];
- egg-capsules, [127];
- glands, [136];
- jaws, [214];
- radula, [236];
- alimentary canal, [238];
- ink-sac, [241];
- hectocotylus, [389]
- Sepiadarium, [389]
- Sepiella, [389]
- Sepiola, [389];
- glands, [136];
- radula, [236]
- Sepioloidea, [389]
- Sepiophora, [388]
- Sepioteuthis, [390];
- hectocotylus, [139]
- Septaria, [337], [338], [410]
- Septibranchiata, [145], [167], [459];
- branchiae, [166]
- Septifer, [274], [449]
- Sequenzia, [420]
- Sergius Orata, [104]
- Serrifusus, [424]
- Sesara, [305], [440]
- Sex, differences of, [133]
- Shell, [244] f.;
- internal, [174];
- shape of bivalve, [445]
- Shell-gland, primitive, [132]
- Shells as money, [96] f.;
- as ornament, etc., [98] f.;
- various uses of, [98] f.;
- prices given for rare, [121];
- sinistral, [249]
- Shores of N. Asia, no littoral fauna, [2]
- Showers of shells, [47]
- Sigaretus, [186], [245], [267], [411];
- foot, [198]
- Sight, [180]
- Silenia, [459];
- branchiae, [168]
- Silia, [425]
- Siliqua, [274], [457]
- Siliquaria, [248], [418]
- Simnia, [419]
- Simpulopsis, [345], [350], [442]
- Simpulum, [420]
- Simroth, on recent forms of Helix, [22];
- on food of slugs, [31];
- on crawling of Helix, [45]
- Singular habitat, [48]
- Sinistral shells, [249]
- Sinistralia, [424]
- Sinusigera, [133]
- Sipho, [424]
- Siphonalia, [424]
- Siphonaria, [18], [431];
- classification, [19];
- breathing organs, [151], [152]
- Siphonarioidea, [431]
- Siphonodentalium, [444]
- Siphonostomata, [156]
- Siphonotreta, [493], [496], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Siphons, [173];
- in burrowing genera, [165];
- branchial, [155]
- Sistrum, [75], [423];
- radula of S. spectrum, [79], [222]
- Sitala, [301], [304], [310], [314–319], [333], [440]
- Skärgard, Mollusca of the, [13]
- Skenea, [415]
- Skenidium, [505], [508]
- Slit, in Gasteropoda, [265], [406]
- Slugs, habits and food of, [30] f.;
- bite hand of captor, [33];
- in bee-hives, [36];
- in greenhouses, [36];
- protective coloration, [70];
- eaten in England, [120]
- Smaragdia, [21]
- Smaragdinella, [430]
- Smell, sense of, [192]
- Smith, W. Anderson, quoted, [98], [111], [114], [191]
- Snails as barometers, [50];
- plants fertilised by, [102];
- cultivation for food, [118] f.;
- used for cream, [119];
- as medicine, [120];
- banned by the Church, [121]
- Solariella, [408];
- radula, [225]
- Solarium, [264], [412], [413];
- radula, [224]
- Solaropsis, [343], [353–357], [442]
- Solecurtus, [165], [457]
- Solen, [171], [446], [457];
- vision, [190];
- habits, [45]
- Solenaia, [452]
- Solenomya, [275], [448]
- Solenotellina, [456]
- Solomon islanders, use of shells, [98]
- Somatogyrus, [415]
- Sophina, [305]
- Spallanzani, experiments on Helix, [163]
- Spat, fall of, [113]
- Spatha, [294], [331], [336], [452]
- Spekia, [333]
- Spermatophore, in Cephalopoda, [137];
- in Helix, [142]
- Spermatozoa, forms of, [136]
- Sphaerium, [453]
- Sphenia, [456]
- Sphenodiscus, [398]
- Sphyradium, [442]
- Spines, use of, [64]
- Spiraculum, [266], [414]
- Spiraxis, [442]
- Spirialis, [249]
- Spirifera, [468], [501], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508], [511], [512]
- Spiriferidae, [501], [505], [508]
- Spiriferina, stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Spirobranchiata, [464]
- Spirotropis, [426];
- radula, [218], [219]
- Spirula, [247], [386], [387], [388]
- Spirulirostra, [380], [386], [388]
- Spondylium, [500]
- Spondylus, [257], [446], [450], [450];
- ocelli, [191];
- genital orifice, [242]
- Spongiobranchaea, [437]
- Spongiochiton, [403]
- Sportella, [453]
- Starfish eat oysters, [110]
- Stearns, R. E. C., on tenacity of life, [38]
- Stegodera, [306]
- Stenochisma, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Stenogyra, [324], [442];
- S. decollata, [279];
- food, [34];
- smell, [194];
- Goodallii, [279];
- octona, sudden appearance, [47]
- Stenogyridae, radula, [234]
- Stenopus, [440];
- habits, [45]
- Stenothyra, [415]
- Stenotis, [416]
- Stenotrema, [340], [441]
- Stephanoceras, [399]
- Stepsanoda, [358]
- Stilifer, [76], [77], [79], [422]
- Stiliferina, [76], [422]
- Stiliger, [432]
- Stilina, [76]
- Stoastoma, [348–351], [410]
- Stoloteuthis, [389]
- Stomach, [239]
- Stomatella, [408]
- Stomatia, [408]
- Stomatodon, [302], [417]
- Strebelia, [353], [440]
- Strength of Helix, [45]
- Strephobasis, [417]
- Strepsidura, [424]
- Streptaulus, [414]
- Streptaxis, [302], [306], [309], [314–331], [343], [357–359], [440];
- variation, [87]
- Streptoneura, [203], [404]
- Streptosiphon, [424]
- Streptostele, [329], [338], [440]
- Streptostyla, [343–355], [353], [440]
- Stricklandia, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Strigatella, [425]
- Stringocephalidae, [506], [508]
- Stringocephalus, [492], [497], [498], [500], [501], [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Strobila, [340], [345–353]
- Strobilops, [442]
- Strombidae, habits, [64];
- penis, [136]
- Strombina, [423]
- Strombus, [69], [200], [252], [418];
- mimicking Conus, [69];
- operculum, [78], [269];
- pearls from, [101];
- metapodium, [199];
- stomach, [239]
- Strophalosia, [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Stropheodonta, [497], [505], [508]
- Strophia, [343–355], [442];
- S. nana, [278]
- Strophochilus, [358], [441]
- Strophomena, [499], [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Strophomenidae, [500], [505], [508]
- Strophostoma, [248], [414]
- Structure of shell, [252]
- Struthiolaria, [99], [418];
- radula, [216]
- Styliola, [437]
- Stylodonta, [339], [441]
- Stylommatophora, [11], [181], [439];
- origin, [19]
- Subemarginula, [406]
- Submytilacea, [451]
- Subularia, [422]
- Subulina, [332], [352], [442]
- Subulites, [420]
- Succinea, [325], [327], [358], [433];
- jaw, [211];
- S. putris, parasite of, [61]
- Succineidae, [443];
- radula, [234]
- Sudden appearance of Mollusca, [46]
- Suessia, stratigraphical distribution, [507]
- Sulphuric acid, [237]
- Surcula, [426]
- Sycotypus, [424]
- Synaptocochlea, [408]
- Syndosmya, [453]
- Syringothyris, [500], [508]
- Syrnola, [422]
- Syrnolopis, [332], [333]
- Systrophia, [356], [357]
- Tachea, [441]
- Taenioglossa, [223], [411]
- Taheitia, [414]
- Talona, [457]
- Tanalia, [304], [417]
- Tancredia, [453]
- Tanganyicia, [332], [415]
- Tanganyika, L., fauna of, [12]
- Tanysiphon, [454]
- Taonius, [391], [391]
- Tapes, [454]
- Taste, [179]
- Tebennophorus, [143], [340], [440]
- Tectarius, [413]
- Tectibranchiata, [10], [429]
- Tectura, [305], [405]
- Tectus, [408]
- Teeth in aperture of the shell, [63]
- Teinostoma, [247], [408]
- Teinotis, [407]
- Telescopium, [252], [416]
- Tellina, [440], [453], [453]
- T. balthica, variation, [84]
- Tellinacea, [453]
- Telotremata, [511]
- Tenacity of life, [37]
- Tenison-Woods, on red blood, [171];
- on shell-eyes, [189]
- Tennent, Sir J. E., on musical sounds produced by Mollusca, [50]
- Tennentia, [304], [314], [338], [440]
- Terebellum, [418];
- jumping powers, [64]
- Terebra, [246], [263], [426], [426];
- radula, [219]
- Terebratella, [468], [487];
- distribution, [486];
- fossil, [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [508]
- Terebratula, [467], [468], [487];
- size, [484];
- distribution, [485], [486];
- fossil, [492], [499], [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [506], [507], [508]
- Terebratulidae, [487];
- fossil, [500], [505], [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Terebratulina, [466], [479], [487];
- larva, [482];
- distribution, [486];
- fossil, [506];
- stratigraphical distribution, [508];
- form of shell, [510]
- Teredina, [457]
- Teredo, [262], [457], [458];
- nervous system, [206];
- intestine, [241]
- Tergipes, [432]
- Terquemia, [450]
- Testacella, [22], [52], [440];
- habits, etc., [49], [51] f.;
- pulmonary orifice, [160];
- eyes, [186];
- radula, [231];
- anus, [241]
- Testicardines, [466], [487];
- muscles, [476];
- fossil, [497], [504];
- external characters, [497];
- internal characters, [499];
- attachment of muscles, [501];
- stratigraphical distribution, [508]
- Testis, [135]
- Tethyidae, [216]
- Tethys, [432]
- Tetrabranchiata, [391] f.
- Thala, [425]
- Thalassia, [319]
- Thalotia, [408]
- Thapsia, [329]
- Thaumasia, [349], [442]
- Thaumastus, [356], [442]
- Thecacera, [434];
- radula, [229]
- Thecidiidae, [487];
- fossil, [501], [506], [508]
- Thecidium, [475], [479], [480], [483], [487];
- fossil, [506], [508]
- Thecosomata, [435]
- Thelidomus, [346–351], [350], [441]
- Theora, [453]
- Therasia, [441]
- Thersites (Helicidae), [322], [325]
- Thersites (Fasciolariidae), [424]
- Thetis, [454]
- Thracia, [245], [459]
- Thread-spinning, [29]
- Thridachia, [432]
- Thyca, [76], [79]
- Thyrophorella, [330], [440]
- Thysanoteuthis, [390]
- Tiedemannia, veliger, [132]
- Tiphobia, [332], [333], [417]
- Titicaca, L., Mollusca of, [25]
- Todarodes, [390]
- Tomichia, [414]
- Tomigerus, [334], [356], [358], [442]
- Tomocyclus, [354]
- Tomostele, [330], [440]
- Tonicella, [403]
- Tonicia, [403];
- eyes, [188]
- Torellia, [411]
- Torinia, [413];
- radula, [224];
- operculum, [269]
- Tornatellina, [278], [319], [323–327], [338], [358], [443]
- Tornatina, [250], [430]
- Torquilla, [442]
- Toucasia, [455]
- Touch, sense of, [177]
- Toxoglossa, [218], [426]
- Trachia, [314]
- Trachyceras, [397]
- Trachydermon, [403]
- Trachyteuthis, [389]
- Tralia, [439]
- Transovula, [419]
- Trematis, [492], [493], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Trematonotus, [407]
- Tremoctopus, [384];
- radula, [236];
- hectocotylus, [137]
- Trevelyana, [434]
- Trichia, [316]
- Trichotropis, [275], [411]
- Tricula, [302]
- Tridacna, [273], [455]
- Triforis, [416];
- radula, [224]
- Trigonellites, [397]
- Trigonia, [15], [254], [269], [448];
- jumping powers, [65];
- distribution, [370]
- Trigonochlamys, [296], [440]
- Trigonostoma, [426]
- Trimerella, [495], [504], [508], [511]
- Trimerellidae, [493], [494], [496], [504];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Trinacria, [448]
- Triodopsis, [340], [441]
- Triopa, [434]
- Triopella, [434]
- Triopha, [434]
- Tritaxeopus, [385]
- Triton, [256], [275], [420];
- jaws, [212]
- Tritonia, [433];
- protective coloration, [71]
- Tritonidea, [424]
- Trivia, [419]
- Trochidae, egg-capsules, [125]
- Trochiscus, [408]
- Trochita, [248], [412]
- Trochoceras, [395]
- Trocholites, [395]
- Trochomorpha, [306], [321], [324], [327], [333], [441]
- Trochonanina, [331], [440]
- Trochosphere, [5], [130]
- Trochotoma, [266], [407]
- Trochus, [263], [408];
- eye, [182];
- stomach, [239]
- Trophon, [423]
- Tropical beach, Mollusca of a, [3]
- Tropidophora, [414]
- Tropites, [397]
- Troschelia, [424]
- Truncaria, [423]
- Truncatella, [260], [414]
- Tryblidium, [405]
- Trypanostoma, [340]
- Trypho of Lampsacus, prayer against snails, [121]
- Tubed operculates, [157], [266], [300], [307], [309]
- Tudicla, [424]
- Tudora, [291], [349], [351], [414]
- Tugonia, [456]
- Tulotoma, [340], [416]
- Turbinella, [100], [262], [264], [424], [424]
- Turbo, [409];
- eye, [182];
- osphradium, [195];
- operculum, [268]
- Turbonilla, [250], [332], [422]
- Turcica, [408]
- Turricula, [425];
- radula, [221]
- Turrilites, [399], [399]
- Turritella, [252], [417];
- radula, [215], [224]
- Tyleria, [459]
- Tylodina, [431]
- Tylopoma, [416]
- Tympanotonus, [416]
- Tyndaria, [447]
- Typhis, [423]
- Ultra-dextral shells, [250]
- Umbonella, [409]
- Umbonium, [409]
- Umbrella, [10], [431];
- radula, [217], [230]
- Uncites, [505];
- stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
- Underground snails, [48]
- Ungulina, [452]
- Unicardium, [452]
- Unio, [452];
- shell, [254], [259], [273], [341];
- variation, [92]
- Union of Limax, [128]
- Unionidae, origin of, [15];
- eaten by rats, [57];
- larvae, [146]
- Urocyclus, [331], [440]
- Urosalpinx, [423]
- Utriculus, [430]
- Uvanilla, [409]
- Vaginula, [245], [319], [343], [352], [443]
- Vaginulidae, radula, [234];
- anus, [241]
- Valletia, [456]
- Vallonia, [441]
- Valvata, [133], [416];
- branchia, [159]
- Valves of Chitonidae, [401] f.
- Vanganella, [454]
- Variation, [82] f.
- Varicella, [346], [348]
- Velates, [260], [410]
- Velifera, [353], [440]
- Veliger stage, [131];
- mistaken for perfect form, [133]
- Velorita, [302], [453]
- Velum, [131]
- Velutina, [275], [411];
- radula, [223]
- Veneracea, [454]
- Venericardia, [451]
- Venerupis, [454]
- Veniella, [451]
- Venilicardia, [451]
- Venus, [270], [271], [446], [454];
- V. mercenaria, [97], [374]
- Verania, [391]
- Vermetus, [247], [418];
- radula, [223]
- Veronicella, [443]
- Verticordia, [458]
- Vertigo, [327], [442];
- V. arctica, [287]
- Vexilla, [423]
- Vibex, [417]
- Vitrella, [289]
- Vitrina, [22], [296] f., [332], [440];
- hardy habits, [24];
- jumping powers, [65];
- shell, [175];
- radula, [217]
- Vitrinella, [408]
- Vitriniconus, [314], [440]
- Vitrinoidea, [314], [440]
- Vitrinozonites, [340], [440]
- Vitularia, [423]
- Vivipara, [324], [343], [416]
- Volume of water, effect in producing variation, [94]
- Voluta, [267], [425], [425];
- spawn, [125];
- radula, [217], [221];
- distribution, [370];
- prices given for rare, [122]
- Volutaxis, [348]
- Volutharpa, [267], [424]
- Volutolithes, [425]
- Volutolyria, [425];
- radula, [222]
- Volutomitra, [425];
- radula, [221]
- Volutopsis, [423]
- Volvaria, [429]
- Volvatella, [430]
- Volvula, [430]
- Vulsella, [75], [446], [449]
- Waldheimia, [464], [467], [468], [473], [474], [487];
- size, [484];
- distribution, [486];
- fossil, [500], [501], [502], [506], [508]
- Walton and mussel cultivation, [115]
- Wampum, [97]
- Warner, R., quoted, [37]
- Warning coloration, [71] f.
- West Coast, South America, melanism of shells occurring on, [85]
- Whelks, use of, [118]
- Whitneya, [424]
- Whitstable, oyster-parks at, [106], [112]
- Willem, V., on vision of Mollusca, [185]
- Wollaston, T. V., quoted, [32]
- Wood, Rev. J. G., on starfish eating oysters, [111]
- Woodia, [451]
- Woodward, S. P., on tenacity of life, [38];
- Dr., on the same, [38]
- Wotton, F. W., on egg-laying of Arion, [42]
- Wright, Bryce, on tenacity of life, [38]
- Xenophora, [412];
- habits, [64]
- Xenopoma, [346], [351]
- Xerophila, [285], [296], [441]
- Xesta, [310], [319], [321], [440];
- mimicry by, [66] f.
- Xylophaga, [457]
- Zagrabica, [297]
- Zebrina, [285], [296], [442]
- Zeidora, [406]
- Zidona, [425]
- Zittelia, [420]
- Zones of depth, [361]
- Zonites, [275], [440];
- food, [33];
- radula, [232];
- distribution, [294], [296], [340]
- Zospeum, [187], [442]
- Zygobranchiata, [154], [406]
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