Roman Public Life

by A. H. J. Greenidge

CONTENTS

(The references are to the pages)

	[CHAPTER I] THE EARLIEST CONSTITUTION OF ROME
	The Growth of the City
SECT.
1.	Early Italian associations; the pagus, vicus, gens, [1]. Growth of the city of Rome, [2]. Foreign influences on Roman life, [3].
	The Elements of the Population—Patricians, Plebeians, Clients
2.	Origin of the Patricians, [4]; of the Plebeians, [5]. Clientship, [7].
	Roman Family Organisation
3.	The gens, [9]. The familia, [18]. The nexus, [24]. Slavery, [24]. Transmission of property and forms of testament, [26]. Caput, [31]. Capitis deminutio, [32].
	The Citizens and the Political Subdivisions of the State
4.	The populus Romanus, [33]. Rights of the citizen, [35]. Auspicium, [36]. The tribes, [40]. The army, [41]. The curiae, [41].
	The Monarchical Constitution
5.	Relation of the king to the people, [42]. Titles and insignia of the king, [44]. Mode of appointment of the king, [45]. Religious character of the monarchy, [51]. The rule of fas, [52]. Civil powers of the king, [57]. The Senate of the monarchy, [58]. Consilia of the king, [61]. Delegates of the king, [61]. Jurisdiction of the monarchy, [62].
	The Servian Constitution
6.	Social changes that led to the Servian reform, [65]. The Servian tribes, [66]. Registration for military purposes; the new organisation of the army, [68]. The census, [69]. Transference of political rights to the new assembly of the centuries, [75]. The close of the monarchy, [76].
	[CHAPTER II] THE GROWTH OF THE REPUBLICAN CONSTITUTION
	Institution of consuls and limitation of the imperium, [78]. Appointment of quaestors, [80]. The Senate of the early Republic, [81]. Creation of the dictatorship, [84]. Government of the patrician aristocracy, [85]. Rights of the plebeians, [87]. Social struggles of the plebs, [89]. Creation of the tribunate, [93]. The powers of the tribuni plebs, [94]. The concilium plebis, [96]. The aediles of the plebs, [97]. The sacrosanctitas of the plebeian magistrates, [99]. The concilium plebis meets by tribes, [100]. Creation of a comitia tributa, [102]. Agitation for the publication of a code, [102]. The Twelve Tables, [104]. Attempt at despotism made by the decemvirs, [107]. The Valerio-Horatian laws, [108]. Intermarriage permitted between the orders, [111]. Institution of tribuni militum consulari potestate, [112]. Institution of the censorship, [115]. Struggle for the consulship, [118]. The Licinio-Sextian laws, [119]. Institution of the praetorship and the curule aedileship, [120]. Admission of the plebeians to office, [122]; and to the religious colleges, [123]. Rights secured to the plebs by the leges Publiliae and the lex Hortensia, [124]. Results of the tendencies of plebeian emancipation, [127]. The new nobility, [129]. Continued distinction between the orders, [131].
	[CHAPTER III] THE CLASSES OF THE POPULATION AND THE THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPED REPUBLIC
	The Classes of the Population
1.	Modes of acquiring citizenship, [132]. Modes of enfranchisement, [134]. Ingenuitas, [135]. Rights and duties of the citizen, [136]. Developed conception of capitis deminutio, [138]. Changes in the Roman family, [140]. The condition of the slave, [141]. The freedmen, [144].
	The Theory of the Constitution
2.	Complexity of the constitution, [146]. Theory of the state as revealed in the interregnum, [147]. Separate existence of the plebs, [149]. The weakening of the magistracy and the resulting ascendancy of the Senate, [150].
	[CHAPTER IV] THE MAGISTRACY
	General Characteristics of the Magistracy
1.	Imperium and potestas, [152]. Administrative powers of the magistrates, [152]. Military powers, [153]. The right to triumph, [156]. Powers exercised in connexion with the people, [158]. The contio and the comitia, [159]. Right of acting with the plebs, [161]. The right of consulting the Senate, [161]. General powers of the magistrates; the auspicia, [162]. The coercitio, [167]. Conflict between the powers of the magistrates; the obnuntiatio, [172]. The right of prohibition, [173]. The intercessio, [176]. The civil and criminal responsibility of magistrates, [181]. The qualifications for office, [183]. The formalities of candidature and election, [187]. The insignia of office, [191].
	The Individual Magistracies
2.	The dictator, [191]. The magister equitum, [195]. The consuls, [196]. The praetors, [202]. The aediles, [208]. The quaestors, [212]. The censors, [216]. The plebeian magistrates, [233]. The minor magistrates, [234].
	[CHAPTER V] THE PEOPLE AND ITS POWERS
	Legislation, [238]. Form of a lex, [242]. Control of external matters, [243]. Elective powers, [245]. Judicial powers, [245]. Rescission of sentences by the people, [248]. Remission of outlawry and amnesty, [249]. Grounds of invalidity of popular acts, [249]. The different comitia; the comitia curiata, [250]. The comitia centuriata and its reorganisation, [252]. The comitia tributa, [253]. The concilium plebis, [253]. Elections to the religious colleges, [254]. Formalities observed in the meetings of the assemblies, [255].
	[CHAPTER VI] THE SENATE
	Reasons for the growth of the Senate’s power, [261]. Method of appointment of senators, [263]. External distinctions of senators, [265]. Reforms of Sulla, [266]. Rules of initiative and debate in the Senate, [267]. Thesenatus consultum and senatus auctoritas, [272]. Powers of the Senate; its probouleutic authority, [273]. Suspension of magistrates, [275]. Quasi-legislative power, [275]. Power of exempting from laws, [276]. Revising power, [276]. Influence on jurisdiction, [277]. Appointment of special commissions, [278]. Declaration of martial law, [279]. Police control, [282]. Control of foreign policy, [282]. Control of finance, [286]. Control of religion, [287].
	[CHAPTER VII] THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF ROME AND THE INCORPORATION OF ITALY
	Difference between the Greek and Italian conceptions of international law, [289]. International customs of Rome, [290]. International relations with foreign states, [292]. The jus gentium, [294]. The federation of Latium, [295]. Extension of the league and change in its character, [296]. The organisation of Italy; cives and socii, [299]. Proposals to extend the franchise, [310]. Settlement after the social war, [312]. Incorporation of Cisalpine Gaul, [314].
	[CHAPTER VIII] THE ORGANISATION AND GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCES
	Origin of provincial government, [316]. The conception of a provincia, [317]. Free and allied cities, [317]. Stipendiariae civitates; the lex provinciae, [318]. Taxation, [319]. The governor and his staff, [322]. The spheres of administration, [324]. Jurisdiction, [325]. The provincial edict, [326]. General estimate of provincial government, [328].
	[CHAPTER IX] THE REVOLUTION AND THE TRANSITION TO THE PRINCIPATE
	Objects of the party of reform, [331]. Elements in the party of reform, [332]. The balance of parties; the equites, [333]. The issue of the struggle, [334]. The sole rule of Caesar, [336]. The Triumvirate and the establishment of the Principate, [338].
	[CHAPTER X] THE PRINCIPATE
	The Powers of the Princeps
1.	The chief bases of the Princeps’ authority; the proconsulare imperium and the tribunicia potestas; nature of the imperium, [341]. Powers connected with the imperium, [344]. Powers connected with the tribunicia potestas, [346]. The Princeps as consul, [347]; as censor, [347]. Extraordinary rights conferred on the Princeps, [348]. Dispensation from laws, [350]. The Princeps as head of the state religion, [350].
	Titles, Insignia, and Honours of the Princeps
2.	Appellatives and titles, [351]. Insignia, [355]. Other honours, [355]. The domus Caesaris, [356]. Amici and comites, [357].
	Creation, Transmission, and Abrogation of the Principate
3.	Election of a Princeps, [358]. Designation of a successor, [360]. Hereditary succession, [362]. Deposition of a Princeps, [362]. Recognition of a reign, [363].
	The Other Powers in the State—the Magistracy, The Comitia, and the Senate
4.	The magistracy, [363]. The individual magistrates, [367]. The comitia[371]. The Senate, [373].
	The Chief Departments of the State; the Dual Control of Senate and Princeps
5.	The dyarchy, [377]. Legislation; legislative power of the comitia, [377]. Quasi-legislative power of the Senate, [377]; of the Princeps, [378]. Jurisdiction, [381]. Division of civil jurisdiction, [382]. The civil courts of appeal, [382]. The appeal from the provinces, [385]. Criminal jurisdiction, [386]. The criminal courts of appeal, [390]. The power of pardon, [391]. The dyarchy in administration, [393]; in finance, [394]; in the control of cultus, [397]; in the control of coinage, [397]. The extent to which the dyarchy was a reality, [397].
	The Senatorial and the Equestrian Nobility
6.	The senatorial order, [399]. The equestrian order, [402].
	The Functionaries of the Princeps
7.	The praefects, [406]. Praefectus urbi, [406]. Praefectus praetorio, [409]. Praefectus annonae, [411]. Praefectus vigilum, [412]. The curators, [413]. The procurators, [414]. Personal assistants; the imperial secretariate [418]. The imperial consilium, [420].
	[CHAPTER XI] ITALY AND THE PROVINCES UNDER THE PRINCIPATE
	The Organisation of Italy
1.	Division into regions, [422]. The downfall of the comitia, [423]. Limitations on local jurisdiction, [423]. Institution of curatores, [424]; of correctores, [424]. The alimentarium, [425].
	The Organisation of the Provinces
2.	General character of the changes introduced by the Principate, [426]. The public and the imperial provinces, [427]. Change in the condition of the free and allied cities, [428]. Methods of conferring immunity; the jus Italicum, [429]. Taxation, [429]. Method of government in the public provinces, [432]; in the imperial provinces, [434]. Procuratorial governorships, [432]. Government of the German provinces and of Egypt, [435]. Romanisation of the provinces, [436]. Change in the condition of the provincial towns, [437]. The munera of their citizens and of the decurions, [439].
	The Worship of the Emperor
3.	Origin and character of Caesar-worship, [440]. Its extension, [441]. Its effects, [442].
	[APPENDIX I]
	The two Assemblies of the Tribes, [445]
	[APPENDIX II]
	A Limitation of the Tribunate in the Reign of Nero, [447]
	INDEX
		PAGE
(i.)	of subjects	[453]
(ii.)	of Latin words	[457]
(iii.)	of passages from ancient authors referred to in the text	[467]