BABYLONIAN CHRONOLOGY
En-sag-saganna, king of Kengi.
Lugal-zaggisi, king of Erech, founds an empire in western Asia cir. B.C. 5000 (?).
KINGS OF LAGAS,
cir. B.C. 4000.
Ur-duggina.
Lugal-suggur, vassal of Me-sa, king of Kis.
Gursar.
Nini-khaldu, his son.
Ur-Nina, his son.
Akur-gal, his son.
E-annatum, his son.
En-annadu I., his brother, high-priest.
Entemena, his nephew, high-priest.
En-annadu II., high-priest.
Lugal-usum-gal, vassal of Sargon of Akkad.
KINGS OF KIS.
Me-sa.
Enne-Ugun.
Alusarsid.
Lugal-khassi.
DYNASTY OF AGADE (AKKAD).
Sargon or Sargani-sar-ali, B.C. 3800.
Naram-Sin, his son, B.C. 3750.
Bingani-sar-ali, his son.
Queen Ellat-Gula (?).
FIRST DYNASTY OF UR.
Lugal-kigub-nidudu.
Lugal-kisal-si, his son.
SECOND DYNASTY OF UR.
Ur-Bau, cir. B.C. 2700; his step-son, Nammakhani, high-priest of Lagas.
Dungi I., his son; Gudea and his son, Ur-Nin-girsu, vassal high-priests
of Lagas.
DYNASTY OF ERECH.
Sin-gamil.
Sin-gasid.
DYNASTY OF ISIN.
Isbi-girra.
Libit-Istar.
Pur-Sin I.
Ur-Ninip.
Isme-Dagan.
En-annatum, his son, vassal of Gungunum of Ur.
THIRD DYNASTY OF UR.
Gungunum. Dungi II. (reigns at least 41 years).
Pur-Sin II. (reigns at least 12 years).
Gimil-Sin (reigns at least 9 years).
Inê-Sin (probably followed by Sumu-abi).
FIRST DYNASTY OF BABYLON, B.C. 2478.
Sumu-abi or Samu-abi, 14 (or 15) years.[12]
Sumu-la-ilu, his son, 36 (or 35) years.
Zabium or Zabu, his son, 14 years.
Abil-Sin, his son, 18 years.
Sin-muballidh, his son, 20 (or 30) years.
Babylonia conquered by the Elamites; Kudur-Laghghamar (Chedor-laomer) king of Elam is suzerain, while Eri-Aku (Arioch) governs southern Babylonia and makes Larsa his capital.
Khammurabi or Ammurapi, the Amraphel of Genesis, 43 (or 55) years (B.C.
2376-2333).
He defeats the Elamites, restores Sin-idinnam to Larsa, and reunites
Babylonia.
Samsu-iluna, his son, 38 (or 35) years.
Abesukh (Abishua) or Ebisum, 25 years.
Ammi-ditana, his son, 25 years.
Ammi-zadok, his son, 21 years.
Samsu-ditana, his son, 31 years.
DYNASTY OF SISKU, B.C. 2174.
Anman, 60 years.
Ki-annibi, 56 years.
Damki-ilisu, 26 years.
Iskipal, 15 years.
Sussi, 24 years.
Gulkisar, 55 years.
Kirgal-daramas, 50 years.
Â-dara-kalamma, 28 years.
E-kur-ul-anna, 26 years.
Melamma-kurkurra, 8 years.
Ea-ga ... 20 years.
THE DYNASTY OF THE KASSITES, B.C. 1806.[13]
Gandis, 16 years.
Agum-si, 22 years.
Agu-yasi, 22 years.
Ussi, his son, 9 years.
Adumetas.
Tazzigurumas.
Agum-kak-rime, his son.
Eight unknown kings.
Kara-indas.
Kadasman-Bel (corresponded
with the Egyptian king Amenophis III.)
Kuri-galzu I.
Burna-huryas, his son.
Kuri-galzu II., his son.[14]
Kara-khardas.
Kadasman-kharbe I., his son.
The throne usurped by Nazi-bugas.
Kuri-galzu III., son of Kadas-man-kharbe, 35 (?) years.
Nazi-Maruttas, his son, 26 years, B.C. 1378.
Kadasman-Turgu, his son, 17 years.
Kadasman-buryas, 14 years.
Kudur-Bel, 6 years.
Sagarkti-buryas, his son, 13 years (800 years before Nabonidos).
Bibeyasu, 8 years.
Bel-sum-iddin, 1-1/2 year.
Kadasman-kharbe II., 1-1/2 year.
Rimmon-sum-uzur, 30 years (including
the 7 years during
which the Assyrian king Tig-lath-Bir
held Babylon).
Meli-sipak, 15 years.
Merodach-baladan I., his son, 13 years.
Zamama-sum-iddin, 1 year.
Bel-sum-iddin, 3 years.
THE DYNASTY OF ISIN, B.C. 1229.
Merodach- ... 18 years.
Four unknown kings.
Nebuchadrezzar I.
Bel-nadin-pal.
Merodach-nadin-akhi, 22 years.[15]
Merodach- ... 1-1/2 year.
The throne usurped by Rimmon-baladan.
Merodach-sapik-zer-mati, 12 years.
Nabu-nadin, 8 years.
THE DYNASTY OF THE SEA-COAST, B.C. 1096.
Simbar-sipak, 18 years.
Ea-mukin-zeri, 5 months.
Kassu-nadin-akhi, 3 years.
THE DYNASTY OF BIT-BAZI, B.C. 1075.
Ê-Ulmas-sakin-sumi, 17 years.
Bir-kudur-uzur I., 3 years.
Silanim-Sukamuna, 3 months.
THE DYNASTY OF ELAM, B.C. 1055.
An ..., an Elamite, 6 years.
THE SECOND DYNASTY OF BABYLON, B.C. 1049.
Nebo-kin abli, 36 years.
Bir-kudur-uzur II. (?), 8 months, 12 days.
Probably four names missing.
| B.C. | ||
| Samas-mudammik | cir. 920 | |
| Nebo-sum-iskun | cir. 900 | |
| Nebo-baladan | cir. 880 | |
| Merodach-nadin-sumi. | cir. 860 | |
| Merodach-baladhsu-ikbi | cir. 830 | |
| Bau-akhi-iddin | cir. 810 |
Probably two names missing.
| B.C. | ||
| Nebo-sum-iskun, son of Dakuri | cir. 760 | |
| Nabonassar, 14 years | 747 | |
| Nebo-nadin-sumi, his son, 2 years | 733 | |
| Nebo-sum-yukin, his son, 1 month, 12 days | 731 |
THE DYNASTY OF SAPÊ.
| B.C. | ||
| Yukin-zera or Khinziros, 3 years | 730 | |
| Pulu (Pul or Poros), called | ||
| Tiglath-pileser III. in Assyria, 2 years | 727 | |
| Ululâ, called Shalmaneser IV. in Assyria | 725 | |
| Merodach-baladan II the Chaldæan from the Sea-coast | 721 | |
| Sargon of Assyria | 709 | |
| Sennacherib, his son | 705 | |
| Merodach-zakir-sumi, 1 month | 702 | |
| Merodach-baladan III., 6 months | 702 | |
| Bel-ebus of Babylon | 702 | |
| Assur-nadin-sumi, son of Sennacherib | 700 | |
| Nergal-yusezib | 694 | |
| Musezib-Merodach | 693 | |
| Sennacherib a second time | 689 | |
| Esar-haddon, his son | 681 | |
| Samas-sum-yukin (Saos-du-khinos), his son | 668 | |
| Kandalanu (Kineladanos) | 648 | |
| Nabopolassar | 626 | |
| Nabu-kudurri-uzur (Nebuchadrezzar II.), his son | 605 | |
| Amil-Marduk (Evil-Merodach), his son | 662 | |
| Nergal-sarra-uzur (Nergal-sharezer) | 560 | |
| Labasi-Marduk (Laborosoar-chod), his son, 3 months. | 556 | |
| Nabu-nahid (Nabonidos) | 556 | |
| Cyrus conquers Babylon | 538 | |
| Cambyses, his son | 529 | |
| Gomates (Gaumata) the Magian usurps the throne, 7 months | 521 | |
| Nebuchadrezzar III., native king | 521 | |
| Darius (Dârayavaush), son of Hystaspes | 520 | |
| Nebuchadrezzar IV., rebel king | 514 | |
| Darius restored | 513 | |
| Xerxes I. (Khshayârshâ), his son | 485 | |
| Samas-erba, rebel king | 480 | |
| Xerxes restored | 479 | |
| Artaxerxes I. (Artakhshatra) Longimanus, his son | 465 | |
| Xerxes II., his son, 2 months | 425 | |
| Sogdianos, his half-brother, 7 months | 425 | |
| Darius II. Nothos, his brother | 424 | |
| Artaxerxes II. Mnêmon, his son | 405 | |
| Okhos (Uvasu), son of Artaxerxes | 362 | |
| Arses, his son | 339 | |
| Darius III. Kodomannos | 336 | |
| Conquered by Alexander the Great | 330 |
Footnote 12: [(return)]
The first date is that of a chronological tablet compiled in the reign of Ammi-zadok; the second that of the Dynastic Tablet compiled probably in the reign of Nabonidos. In the latter the reigns of illegitimate kings, Pungun-ilu, Immerum, and Eri-Aku, seem to be included in those of the legitimate rulers of the dynasty. Immerum, the son of Lilium, was a contemporary of Sumu-la-ilu, and perhaps, like Nur-Rimmon and Sin-idinnam in the time of Sin-muballidh and Khammurabi, was vassal king of Larsa in southern Babylonia.
Footnote 13: [(return)]
The date is probably from 15 to 20 years too high.
Footnote 14: [(return)]
The position of this Kuri-galzu is not certain. One of the Kuri-galzus calls himself "son of Burna-buryas," but since Nabonidos states that a Burna-buryas reigned 700 years after Khammurabi, it is possible that among the eight (or in this ease nine) unknown Kassite kings there was a Burna-buryas I., B.C. 1640, whose son was Kuri-galzu I.
Footnote 15: [(return)]
As Sennacherib makes Merodach-nadin-akhi defeat the Assyrians in B.C. 1107, while the Dynastic Tablet places the death of the Babylonian king in B.C. 1118, there must be a chronological error in the latter.