FOOTNOTES

[[1]] Conversi were found in houses of other orders, e.g. the Augustinian, but their position in such cases was less definite than in the Cistercian order. Male conversi were attached to houses of Cistercian nuns: examples of this are known in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire.

[[2]] In 1301 the Benedictine monks of Gloucester were allowed a frock and cowl out of the wardrobe at least once a year, day-shoes once in 18 months, boots once in five years, pairs of woollen shirts (langelli) once every four years. They could change when necessary a thick and thin tunic, their pilch or fur cloak (pellicea), ordinary boots, under-shirt (stamen) and drawers (femoralia).

[[3]] In 1230 the monks of St James', Bristol, a cell of Tewkesbury, petitioned the bishop of Worcester against the consecration of the Dominican church in St James' parish. Various documents in the York episcopal registers between 1279 and 1296 deal with the rivalry between the custodes of the alien priory of Scarborough and the local Dominicans. In both cases the root of ill-feeling was the diversion by the friars of the oblations due to the parish altar.

[[4]] Historical Growth of the English Parish Church, 1911, pp. 11-15.

[[5]] At Waverley, late in the twelfth century, there were 70 monks, 120 conversi. That the monks sometimes found the conversi difficult to manage is shewn by the action of abbot Richard (1220-35) at Meaux, who removed them from the granges and confined them to menial and craftsmen's work.

[[6]] The order in which the parts of a monastery were built followed the immediate needs of the convent. Thus at Evesham the eastern part of the church and the eastern range of the cloister were built first: the frater and western range, with the permanent outer buildings and the rest of the church, were not finished till later. At Meaux a temporary two-storied building, church above and dorter below, was used for some years until permanent buildings were ready.

[[7]] At St Albans, where we have much information about the library, two-thirds of the demesne tithes in Hatfield and some tithes in Redbourn were assigned between 1077 and 1098 ad volumina ecclesiae (i.e. the church-books) facienda.

[[8]] At Evesham two of the obedientiaries' checkers or offices were in the sub-vault of the dorter. Here also was the misericord, which had a door into the infirmary garden. The bleeding-house was a vaulted room beneath the rere-dorter.

[[9]] Notices relating to water-supply are frequent in monastic chronicles. In 1216, when the old spring at Waverley dried up, a monk named Simon brought the waters of several springs by a culvert into a conduit which was called St Mary's fount. The new lavatory at Malmesbury was finished in 1284.

[[10]] The weekly maundy (mandatum) or foot-washing took place at the lavatory; the arrangement is well seen at Fountains, where the monks sat on an upper ledge with their feet in the trough below.

[[11]] The upper stage was probably the treasury, which the account of the flood of 1265 shews to have been on an upper floor.

[[12]] In Benedictine houses the use of the misericord for monks in ordinary health was permitted at an earlier period. Abbot Colerne (1260-96) made regulations in 1292 for the daily use of the misericord at Malmesbury by a certain number of monks.

[[13]] Jocelyn of Brakelond says that in bleeding-time 'monks are wont to open to one another the secrets of the heart and to take counsel together,' and describes how at such a time, in the vacancy before his election as abbot of Bury, Samson the sub-sacrist sat in silence, smiling at the gossip of the brethren.

[[14]] Abbot Paul (1077-98) ordained that the minuti at St Albans, instead of feeding on meat pasties, should have a dish of salt-fish and slices of cake, known as 'karpie.'

[[15]] At St Albans there was a large camera for infirm abbots close to the infirmary. This, known as the pictorium or painted chamber, was destroyed by the insurgent tenants in 1381.

[[16]] Abbot Brokehampton (1282-1316) built two guest-chambers at Evesham upon vaulted undercrofts on the west side of the curia. In 1378 parliament sat in the guest-house and other buildings at Gloucester: the account shews how the cloister life was disorganised by the crowd of visitors.

[[17]] This was due to the removal of a chantry of six monks and a secular priest from Ottringham to the monastery.

[[18]] In Benedictine monasteries there were usually several offices outside the precinct—e.g., at Tewkesbury the mill and the guests' stable, burned in 1257, were extra portam abbatiae. The building of permanent offices in the curia at Bury by abbot Samson is described by Jocelyn of Brakelond.

[[19]] The almonry at St Albans, built by abbot Wallingford (1326-35), included a hall, chapel, chambers, kitchen, cellar and other buildings necessary for the scholars and their master.

[[20]] The prior was usually nominated by the abbot, or the names of several nominees were submitted to the convent for election. Jocelyn of Brakelond gives a detailed account of the election of a prior at Bury.

[[21]] The abbot's household at Gloucester, as regulated by archbishop Winchelsey in 1301, included five lay esquires and several lay servants, each with a definite office. Of the esquires one was seneschal of the guest-hall, another marshal, who was charged with regulating accounts, a third cook: the other two were appointed to serve the abbot's table and bed-chamber.

[[22]] Thus the cellarer of Evesham supplied the frater daily with 72 loaves.

[[23]] The officers and obedientiaries at Evesham in the thirteenth century were the prior, sub-prior, third prior and other custodes ordinis, the precentor, dean of the Christianity of the vale of Evesham, sacrist, chamberlain, kitchener, two cellarers, infirmarer, almoner, warden of the vineyard and garden, master of the fabric, guest-master and pittancer. The last official distributed the money allowances of the brethren.

INDEX OF PERSONS AND PLACES

N.B. The name of each place in this list is followed by that of its county, or, if not in England, of its country, department or province. The description of the religious house as abbey or priory follows where necessary, and its order is added in brackets. Aug. = Augustinian; Ben. = Benedictine; Carm. = Carmelite; Carth. = Carthusian; Cist. = Cistercian; Clun. = Cluniac; Dom. = Dominican; Gilb. = Gilbertine; Prem. = Premonstratensian; Tiron. = Tironensian

Abbo, abbot of Fleury, [7]
Abergavenny, Monmouth, priory (Ben.), [66]
Abingdon, Berks., abbey (Ben.), [145]
Aelfwine, [7]
Africa, communities of regular clergy in, [19]
Alnwick, William, bishop of Lincoln, [29], [30], [32], [33]
Alnwick, Northumb., abbey (Prem.), [22], [64], [80], [111], [148]
Ancren Riwle, [24]
Anselm, St, archbishop of Canterbury, [9]
Anthony, St, [2], [4]
Augustine, St, archbishop of Canterbury, [5], [6];
bishop of Hippo, [19], [20], [119]
Aumône, l', Normandy, abbey (Cist.), [15]
Avranches, Manche, [13]
Aylesford, Kent, priory (Carm. friars), [26]
Bardney, Lincs., abbey (Ben.), [115]
Barnwell, Cambs., priory (Aug.), [113], [127], [128], [132], [134], [143], [145], [147]
Basil, St, [2], [4]
Battle, Sussex, abbey (Ben.), [8]
Beauchief, Yorks., abbey (Prem.), [148]
Beaulieu, Hants., abbey (Cist.), [37], [58], [59], [86], [99], [104], [128], [147]
Beauvale, Notts., priory (Carth.), [13]
Bec-Hellouin, Eure, abbey (Ben.), [9], [10]
Becket, Thomas (St Thomas of Canterbury), [48]
Beeleigh, Essex, abbey (Prem.), [79], [84]
Benedict, St, [2], [3], [4], [5], [7], [9], [14], [19], [20], [137]
Bermondsey, Surrey, abbey (Clun.), [12], [145]
Bernard, St, abbot of Clairvaux, [14]
Berno, St, abbot of Cluny, [11]
Beverley, Yorks., collegiate church, [47]
Blanchland, Northumb., abbey (Prem.), [38]
Blyth, Notts., priory (Ben.), [10], [11], [53], [54]
Bobbio, Pavia, monastery of, [3]
Bolton, Yorks., priory (Aug.), [63], [64], [66]
Bradsole; see St Radegund's
Brakelond, Jocelyn of, [115], [129], [133], [145]
Brecon, Christ college, [38];
priory (Dom. friars), [38], [71]
Bridlington, Yorks., priory (Aug.), [66], [129]
Brinkburn, Northumb., priory (Aug.), [63], [66], [144]
Bristol, friaries, [26], [27], [38];
St Augustine's abbey (Aug.), [37], [65], [78], [79], [98], [147];
St James' priory (Ben.), [27]
Brokehampton, John of, abbot of Evesham, [126]
Bromfield, Salop, priory (Ben.), [66]
Bromholm, Norfolk, priory (Clun.), [12], [68]
Bruno, St, [12]
Buckfast, Devon, abbey (Cist.), [103]
Buildwas, Salop, abbey (Cist.), [14], [37], [55], [57], [62], [64], [98], [100]
Burnham, Bucks., abbey (Aug. nuns), [25], [147]
Burton-on-Trent, Staffs., abbey (Ben.), [145]
Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, abbey (Ben.), [34], [55], [115], [128], [129], [130], [131], [133], [145]
Byland, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [52], [58]
Caen, Calvados, abbey of Saint-Etienne (Ben.), [9]
Caldey, Pembroke, priory (Tiron.), [14]
Cambridge, colleges, [20], [35];
Emmanuel college, [39];
friaries, [26], [39];
King's college, [35];
St Radegund's priory (Ben. nuns, now Jesus college), [35], [38], [79], [90];
Sidney Sussex college, [39]
Cannes, Alpes-Maritimes, [3]
Canons Ashby, Northants., priory (Aug.), [66], [67]
Canterbury, Kent, cathedral priory (Ben.), [6], [8], [10], [19], [37], [40], [41], [44], [45], [48], [49], [53], [75], [79], [80], [82], [83], [84], [87], [89], [90], [92], [100], [116], [119], [120], [124], [126], [129], [131], [145], [146];
friaries, [26];
St Augustine's abbey (Ben.), [45], [129], [130], [132], [145]
Canute, [8]
Carlisle, Cumb., cathedral priory (Aug.), [21], [37], [80]
Cartmel, Lancs., priory (Aug.), [64], [65]
Cassianus, Joannes, [140]
Castle Acre, Norfolk, priory (Clun.), [12], [45], [65], [147]
Chard, Thomas, abbot of Ford, [123]
Chartres, Eure-et-Loir, [13]
Chester, St Werburgh's abbey (Ben.), [37], [41], [47], [49], [55], [79], [86], [90]
Chichester, Sussex, priory (Franciscan friars), [38], [39];
St Mary's hospital, [119]
Christchurch, Hants., priory (Aug.), [36], [65], [66]
Chrodegand, St, [19]
Cîteaux, Côte-d'Or, abbey (Cist.), [13], [14], [15], [16], [25], [57], [58], [59]
Clairvaux, Aube, abbey (Cist.), [14], [15], [16], [57], [58], [99], [128]
Clare, Suffolk, priory (Aug. friars), [26], [38]
Clare, St, [27]
Cleeve, Som., abbey (Cist.), [37], [84], [86], [101], [109]
Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, abbey, [7], [11], [12], [15], [44], [45]
Coggeshall, Essex, abbey (Cist.), [128]
Colchester, Essex, St Botolph's priory (Aug.), [21], [66]
Colerne, William, abbot of Malmesbury, [110]
Columba, St, [3]
Columban, St, [3]
Coventry, Warwicks., cathedral priory (Ben.), [29], [55], [128]
Coverham, Yorks., abbey (Prem.), [67]
Crauden, John of, prior of Ely, [125]
Croxden, Staffs., abbey (Cist.), [37], [57], [99], [121], [148]
Croyland, Lincs., [4];
abbey (Ben.), [50], [53], [115]
Cuthbert, St, [4]
Cymmer, Merioneth, abbey (Cist.), [70]
Dale, Derby, abbey (Prem.), [64], [148]
Daventry, Northants., priory (Clun.), [123]
Dolgelly, Merioneth, [70]
Dorchester, Oxon., abbey (Aug.), [64], [67]
Dore, Hereford, abbey (Cist.), [37], [58], [80], [147]
Dover, Kent, [64];
priory (Ben.), [10]
Dryburgh, Berwicks., abbey (Prem.), [79]
Dunstable, Beds., priory (Aug.), [145]
Dunstan, St, archbishop of Canterbury, [7], [8]
Durham, cathedral priory (Ben.), [9], [37], [41], [44], [45], [46], [47], [51], [52], [53], [59], [72], [73], [75], [76], [77], [81], [82], [84], [85], [86], [87], [90], [92], [93], [94], [95], [105], [116], [124], [125], [126], [127], [131], [137], [138], [140], [145], [148]
Easby; see St Agatha's
Ecclesfield, Yorks., alien priory (Ben.), [10]
Edgar the peaceful, [7], [8]
Edward the Confessor, [8], [49]
Edward II, [26]
Eggleston, Yorks., abbey (Prem.), [148]
Egypt, monasteries in, [2]
Ely, Cambs., cathedral priory (Ben.), [8], [37], [47], [49], [52], [53], [119], [125], [146]
Ernulf, prior of Canterbury, [21]
Ethelwold, St, bishop of Winchester, [7], [8]
Eton, Bucks., college, [35]
Evesham, Worces., abbey (Ben.), [7], [9], [42], [55], [80], [82], [126], [135], [136], [145]
Farne islands, Northumb., [4]
Fleury, see Saint-Benoît
Fontevrault, Maine-et-Loire, abbey, [25]
Ford, Dorset, abbey (Cist.), [37], [84], [99], [110], [123]
Fountains, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [15], [16], [37], [38], [44], [52], [59], [61], [62], [63], [77], [97], [98], [99], [100], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [106], [107], [108], [117], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [127], [128], [131], [144], [146], [147]
Furness, Lancs., abbey (Cist.), [14], [34], [37], [44], [55], [59], [62], [85], [97], [98], [99], [100], [103], [108], [109], [110], [117], [119], [121], [123], [128], [147]
Gaul, early monasteries in, [3], [6]
Gilbert, St, of Sempringham, [23]
Glastonbury, Som., Celtic monastery at, [5];
abbey (Ben.), [8], [51], [87], [105], [148]
Gloucester, abbey (Ben.), [18], [37], [41], [44], [45], [47], [48], [49], [73], [74], [75], [76], [77], [79], [81], [82], [85], [90], [91], [98], [116], [119], [125], [126], [129], [131], [134], [144], [145], [146]
Grande-Chartreuse, la, Isère, priory (Carth.), [12]
Grandmont, Haute-Vienne, abbey, [14]
Greenfield, Lincs., priory (Cist. nuns), [33]
Guisbrough, Yorks., priory (Aug.), [51], [66], [144]
Guthlac, St, [4]
Hackness, Yorks., nunnery at, [5], [6]
Harding, St Stephen, abbot of Cîteaux, [14]
Hastings, Sussex, battle of, [8]
Hatfield, Bishop's, Herts., [75]
Haughmond, Salop, abbey (Aug.), [37], [63], [64], [66], [77], [79], [82], [90], [111], [114], [124], [147]
Hayles, Glouces., abbey (Cist.), [57], [58], [107], [109], [123], [147]
Henry V, [25], [31]
Henry VI, [31]
Henry VIII, [32]
Hexham, Northumb., priory (Aug.), [66], [82], [90], [144], [147]
Hinton, Som., priory (Carth.), [13]
Holme Cultram, Cumb., abbey (Cist.), [37]
Hulme; see St Benet's
Hulne, Northumb., priory (Carm. friars), [26], [38], [71], [111], [148]
Humberston, Lincs., abbey (Tiron.), [14]
Hyde, Hants., abbey (Ben.), [144], [145]
Iona, Argyll, monastery, [3]
Ipswich, Suffolk, college, [35]
Ireland, monachism in, [3]
Italy, early monasteries in, [3]
Jarrow, Durham, monastery, [6]
Jedburgh, Roxburgh, abbey (Aug.), [68]
Jervaulx, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [37], [51], [58], [99], [107], [110], [117], [120], [147]
Julius II, pope, [23]
Kelso, Roxburgh, abbey (Tiron.), [68]
King's Lynn, Norfolk, friaries, [26], [38], [70]
Kirkham, Yorks., priory (Aug.), [51], [66], [129], [130]
Kirkstall, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [37], [44], [54], [55], [57], [62], [64], [98], [100], [101], [103], [105], [110], [120], [122], [123], [127], [146]
Kirkstead, Lincs., abbey (Cist.), [128]
Knaresborough, Yorks., St Robert's (Trinitarian), [26]
Lacock, Wilts., abbey (Aug. canonesses), [25], [38], [70], [77], [79], [83], [87], [90], [91], [147]
Lanercost, Cumb., priory (Aug.), [64], [65], [67]
Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, [9]
Langdon, West, Kent, abbey (Prem.), [64], [67], [148]
Layton, Richard, dean of York, [32]
Leicester, abbey (Aug.), [30]
Leominster, Hereford, priory (Ben.), [54]
Lerins, Ile de, Alpes-Maritimes, monastery of Saint-Honorat, [3]
Lewes, Sussex, priory (Clun.), [12], [44], [85], [133], [147]
Lilleshall, Salop, abbey (Aug.), [37], [63], [64], [66], [68]
Lincoln, cathedral church, [47];
friaries, [26]
Lisques, France, abbey (Prem.), [22]
London, Charterhouse, [13], [146];
friaries, [26], [38], [148];
Holy Trinity priory, Aldgate (Aug.), [54];
St Bartholomew's priory, Smithfield (Aug.), [45], [63];
St Mary Graces abbey (Cist.), [16]
Louth Park, Lincs., abbey (Cist.), [15], [33]
Luxeuil, Haute-Saône, monastery of, [3]
Lysa, Norway, abbey (Cist.), [15]
Malmesbury, Wilts., abbey (Ben.), [53], [89], [110], [144]
Malton, Yorks., priory (Gilb.), [71]
Margam, Glamorgan, abbey (Cist.), [37], [80], [145], [148]
Martin, St, of Tours, [4]
Meaux, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [33], [42], [120], [121], [128], [145]
Merevale, Warwicks., abbey (Cist.), [128]
Metz, Lorraine, [19]
Micklethwaite, Mr J. T., [95]
Molesme, Côte-d'Or, Robert, abbot of, [14]
Monkwearmouth, Durham, monastery, [6]
Monte Cassino, Abruzzi, monastery of, [3], [4], [7]
Mount Grace, Yorks., priory (Carth.), [13], [38], [69], [70], [71], [112], [146]
Neath, Glamorgan, abbey (Cist.), [37], [148]
Neocaesarea, Asia Minor, monastery near, [2]
Netley, Hants., abbey (Cist.), [37], [58], [96], [117]
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Northumb., friaries, [26]
Newhouse, Lincs., abbey (Prem.), [22]
Newminster, Northumb., abbey (Cist.), [15], [144]
Newstead, Notts., priory (Aug.), [67]
Norbert, St, abbot of Prémontré, [22]
Norcia, Umbria, [3]
Norfolk, Augustinian houses in, [21]
Normandy, monasteries of, [8], [9]
Northampton, friaries, [26], [27]
Norwich, Norfolk, cathedral priory, [34], [37], [44], [45], [47], [48], [49], [53], [131];
friaries, [27], [38], [71]
Nottinghamshire, Augustinian houses in, [21]
Nuneaton, Warwicks., priory (Fontevrault), [25]
Nun Monkton, Yorks., priory (Ben. nuns), [70]
Odo, archbishop of Canterbury, [7]
Oseney, Oxon., abbey (Aug.), [145]
Oswald, St, archbishop of York, [7]
Ottringham, Yorks., [128]
Oxford, colleges, [20], [35];
friaries, [26];
St Frideswide's priory (Aug., now Christ Church college), [35], [37], [64], [111]
Pachomius, St, [2], [4]
Paris, abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (Ben.), [6]
Patrick, St, [3]
Paul, abbot of St Albans, [115]
Pershore, Worces., abbey (Ben.), [7]
Peterborough, Northants., abbey (Ben.), [8], [30], [37], [44], [45], [47], [53], [85], [90], [91], [92], [100], [116], [118], [119], [125], [129], [133], [134], [135], [146]
Pipewell, Northants., abbey (Cist.), [105], [147]
Prémontré, Aisne, abbey, [22], [23]
Ramsey, Hunts., abbey (Ben.), [7], [144], [145]
Reading, Berks., abbey (Ben.), [37], [77], [79]
Redbourn, Herts., [75]
Repton, Derby, priory (Aug.), [64], [111], [147]
Richmond, Yorks., [31], [38];
priory (Franciscan friars), [38], [70]
Rievaulx, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [23], [37], [51], [58], [59], [104], [117], [128], [144]
Ripon, Yorks., collegiate church, [47], [51], [131];
monastery, [5]
Roche, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [64]
Rochester, Kent, cathedral priory (Ben.), [37], [41], [54], [65], [76], [131], [146]
Rome, monastery on Coelian hill, [5]
Romsey, Hants., abbey (Ben. nuns), [25], [38], [70]
Rouen, Seine-Inférieure, abbey of Saint-Ouen (Ben.), [6];
priory of la-Sainte-Trinité on Mont-Sainte-Cathérine (Ben.), [10]
St Agatha's, Yorks., abbey (Prem.), [31], [38], [64], [82], [86], [92], [111], [148]
St Albans, Herts., abbey (Ben.), [9], [10], [47], [48], [49], [52], [53], [75], [115], [123], [129], [132], [145], [146]
St Benet's Hulme, Norfolk, abbey (Ben.), [68]
Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire, Loiret, abbey (Ben.), [7]
St Dogmaels, Pembroke, abbey (Tiron.), [14]
St Gall, Switzerland, plan of, [125]
St Neots, Hunts., priory (Ben.), [10], [11]
St Radegund's, Kent, abbey (Prem.), [64], [83], [111], [148]
Saint-Wandrille, Seine-Inférieure, abbey (Ben.), [11]
Salisbury, Wilts., cathedral church, [80]
Salley, Yorks., abbey (Cist.), [68]
Samson, abbot of Bury, [115], [129]
Savigny, Manche, abbey, [13]
Scarborough, Yorks., alien priory (Cist.), [27];
Dominican friary, [27]
Scotland, early monasteries in, [3]
Selby, Yorks., abbey (Ben.), [49], [51]
Sempringham, Lincs., priory, [23], [24]
Shaftesbury, Dorset, abbey (Ben. nuns), [5]
Shap, Westmorland, abbey (Prem.), [67], [148]
Shene, Surrey, priory (Carth.), [13]
Sibton, Suffolk, abbey (Cist.), [101]
Simeon Stylites, St, [4]
Simon, monk of Waverley, [89]
Sion, Middlesex, abbey (Bridgetine), [25]
Southwell, Notts., collegiate church, [65]
Spoleto, Umbria, [3]
Stamford, Lincs., [33];
friaries, [27]
Stanley, Wilts., abbey (Cist.), [147]
Strata Florida, Cardigan, abbey (Cist.), [148]
Subiaco, Rome, [3]
Sweetheart abbey, Kirkcudbright (Cist.), [57]
Tabennisi (Egypt), monastery, [2]
Tarrant, Dorset, abbey (Cist. nuns), [24]
Tenby, Pembroke, [14]
Tewkesbury, Glouces., abbey (Ben.), [27], [45], [47], [48], [129], [145]
Thetford, Norfolk, priory (Clun.), [12]
Thiron, Eure-et-Loir, abbey, [13]
Thornton, Lincs., abbey (Aug.), [129], [132]
Thurgarton, Notts., priory (Aug.), [67]
Tiltey, Essex, abbey (Cist.), [128]
Tintern, Monmouth, abbey (Cist.), [37], [41], [55], [58], [60], [62], [63], [104], [107], [120], [148]
Torre, Devon, abbey (Prem.), [64], [67], [72], [129]
Tours, Indre-et-Loire, abbey of St Martin (Ben.), [4]
Tynemouth, Northumb., priory (Ben.), [10], [53], [146]
Ulverscroft, Leices., priory (Aug.), [67]
Valle Crucis, Denbigh, abbey (Cist.), [16], [37], [57], [62], [84], [98], [100]
Vaudey, Lincs., abbey (Cist.), [16]
Wallingford, Richard of, abbot of St Albans, [132]
Walsingham, Norfolk, priory (Aug.), [34]
Warenne, William de, [12]
Watton, Yorks., priory (Gilb.), [23], [38], [71], [111], [148]
Waverley, Surrey, abbey (Cist.), [15], [33], [55], [58], [63], [89], [97], [99], [101], [104], [109], [120], [123], [145], [147]
Welbeck, Notts., abbey (Prem.), [22], [23]
Wells, Som., cathedral church, [80]
Wenlock, Salop, priory (Clun.), [12], [37], [45], [65], [76], [87], [89]
Westminster, Middlesex, abbey (Ben.), [8], [9], [36], [37], [44], [48], [49], [76], [79], [80], [81], [83], [84], [85], [100], [120], [146]
Whalley, Lancs., abbey (Cist.), [128]
Wherwell, Hants., abbey (Ben. nuns), [25]
Whitby, Yorks., Celtic monastery, [6];
abbey (Ben.), [51], [144]
Wilfrid, St, bishop of York, [5]
Wilton, Wilts., abbey (Ben. nuns), [25]
Winchcombe, Glouces., abbey (Ben.), [7]
Winchelsey, Robert, archbishop of Canterbury, [134]
Winchester, Hants., cathedral priory (Ben.), [8], [37], [47], [49], [65], [145];
friaries, [27];
St Mary's abbey (Ben. nuns), [25]
Witham, Som., priory (Carth.), [13]
Woburn, Beds., abbey (Cist.), [15]
Wolsey, Thomas, cardinal, archbishop of York, [35]
Worcester, cathedral priory (Ben.), [7], [41], [65], [72], [73], [75], [76], [80], [81], [87], [88], [90], [92], [94], [116], [124], [125], [145], [146]
Worksop, Notts., priory (Aug.), [66]
Wothorpe, Northants., priory (Ben. nuns), [33], [34]
Wymondham, Norfolk, abbey (Ben.), [54]
York, cathedral church, [19], [51];
friaries, [27];
St Mary's abbey (Ben.), [37], [47], [48], [51]
Yorkshire, Augustinian houses in, [21]

CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

THE
CAMBRIDGE MANUALS
OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE

Published by the Cambridge University Press under the general editorship of P. Giles, Litt.D., Master of Emmanuel College, and A. C. Seward, F.R.S., Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge.

A series of handy volumes dealing with a wide range of subjects and bringing the results of modern research and intellectual activity within the reach both of the student and of the ordinary reader.

HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

42 Ancient Assyria. By Rev. C. H. W. Johns, Litt.D.
51 Ancient Babylonia. By Rev. C. H. W. Johns, Litt.D.
40 A History of Civilization in Palestine. By Prof. R. A. S. Macalister, M.A., F.S.A.
78 The Peoples of India. By J. D. Anderson, M.A.
49 China and the Manchus. By Prof. H. A. Giles, LL.D.
79 The Evolution of New Japan. By Prof. J. H. Longford.
43 The Civilization of Ancient Mexico. By Lewis Spence.
60 The Vikings. By Prof. Allen Mawer, M.A.
24 New Zealand. By the Hon. Sir Robert Stout, K.C.M.G., LL.D., and J. Logan Stout, LL.B. (N.Z.).
90 Australia. By Prof. J. W. Gregory.
85 Military History. By the Hon. J. W. Fortescue.
84 The Royal Navy. By John Leyland.
76 Naval Warfare. By J. R. Thursfield, M.A.
15 The Ground Plan of the English Parish Church. By A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A.
16 The Historical Growth of the English Parish Church. By A. Hamilton Thompson, M.A., F.S.A.
68 English Monasteries. By A. H. Thompson, M.A., F.S.A.
50 Brasses. By J. S. M. Ward, B.A., F.R.Hist.S.
59 Ancient Stained and Painted Glass. By F. S. Eden.
80 A Grammar of English Heraldry. By W. H. St J. Hope, Litt.D.
87 The Evolution of Coinage. By G. Macdonald, C.B., F.B.A., LL.D.

ECONOMICS

70 Copartnership in Industry. By C. R. Fay, M.A.
6 Cash and Credit. By D. A. Barker.
67 The Theory of Money. By D. A. Barker.
86 Economics and Syndicalism. By Prof. A. W. Kirkaldy.

LITERARY HISTORY

8 The Early Religious Poetry of the Hebrews. By the Rev. E. G. King, D.D.
21 The Early Religious Poetry of Persia. By the Rev. Prof. J. Hope Moulton, D.D., D.Theol. (Berlin).
9 The History of the English Bible. By John Brown, D.D.
12 English Dialects from the Eighth Century to the Present Day. By W. W. Skeat, Litt.D., D.C.L., F.B.A.
22 King Arthur in History and Legend. By Prof. W. Lewis Jones, M.A.
54 The Icelandic Sagas. By W. A. Craigie, LL.D.
23 Greek Tragedy. By J. T. Sheppard, M.A.
33 The Ballad in Literature. By T. F. Henderson.
37 Goethe and the Twentieth Century. By Prof. J. G. Robertson, M.A., Ph.D.
39 The Troubadours. By the Rev. H. J. Chaytor, M.A.
66 Mysticism in English Literature. By Miss C. F. E.
Spurgeon.
89 The Printed Book. By Harry G. Aldis, M.A.

PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION

4 The Idea of God in Early Religions. By Dr F. B. Jevons.
57 Comparative Religion. By Dr F. B. Jevons.
69 Plato: Moral and Political Ideals. By Mrs J. Adam.
26 The Moral Life and Moral Worth. By Prof. Sorley, Litt.D.
3 The English Puritans. By John Brown, D.D.
11 An Historical Account of the Rise and Development of Presbyterianism in Scotland. By the Rt Hon. the Lord Balfour of Burleigh, K.T., G.C.M.G.
41 Methodism. By Rev. H. B. Workman, D.Lit.

EDUCATION

38 Life in the Medieval University. By R. S. Rait. M.A.
88 The Old Grammar Schools. By Foster Watson, M.A., D.Lit.

LAW

13 The Administration of Justice in Criminal Matters (in England and Wales). By G. Glover Alexander, M.A.

BIOLOGY

1 The Coming of Evolution. By Prof. J. W. Judd, C.B., F.R.S.
2 Heredity in the Light of Recent Research. By L. Doncaster, Sc.D.
25 Primitive Animals. By Geoffrey Smith, M.A.
73 The Life-story of Insects. By Prof. G. H. Carpenter.
48 The Individual in the Animal Kingdom. By J. S. Huxley, B.A.
27 Life in the Sea. By James Johnstone, B.Sc.
73 Pearls. By Prof. W. J. Dakin.
28 The Migration of Birds. By T. A. Coward.
36 Spiders. By C. Warburton, M.A.
61 Bees and Wasps. By O. H. Latter, M.A.
46 House Flies. By C. G. Hewitt, D.Sc.
32 Earthworms and their Allies. By F. E. Beddard, F.R.S.
74 The Flea. By H. Russell.
64 The Wanderings of Animals. By H. F. Gadow, F.R.S.

ANTHROPOLOGY

20 The Wanderings of Peoples. By Dr A. C. Haddon, F.R.S.
29 Prehistoric Man. By Dr W. L. H. Duckworth.

GEOLOGY

35 Rocks and their Origins. By Prof. Grenville A. J. Cole.
44 The Work of Rain and Rivers. By T. G. Bonney, Sc.D.
7 The Natural History of Coal. By Dr E. A. Newell Arber.
30 The Natural History of Clay. By Alfred B. Searle.
34 The Origin of Earthquakes. By C. Davison, Sc.D., F.G.S.
62 Submerged Forests. By Clement Reid, F.R.S.
72 The Fertility of the Soil. By E. J. Russell, D.Sc.

BOTANY

5 Plant-Animals: a Study in Symbiosis. By Prof. F. W Keeble.
10 Plant-Life on Land. By Prof. F. O. Bower, Sc.D., F.R.S.
19 Links with the Past in the Plant-World. By Prof. A. C. Seward, F.R.S.

PHYSICS

52 The Earth. By Prof. J. H. Poynting, F.R.S.
53 The Atmosphere. By A. J. Berry, M.A.
81 The Sun. By Prof. R. A. Sampson, D.Sc., F.R.S.
65 Beyond the Atom. By John Cox, M.A.
55 The Physical Basis of Music. By A. Wood, M.A.
71 Natural Sources of Energy. By Prof. A. H. Gibson, D.Sc.

PSYCHOLOGY

14 An Introduction to Experimental Psychology. By Dr C. S. Myers.
45 The Psychology of Insanity. By Bernard Hart, M.D.
77 The Beautiful. By Vernon Lee.

INDUSTRIAL AND MECHANICAL SCIENCE

31 The Modern Locomotive. By C. Edgar Allen, A.M.I.Mech.E.
56 The Modern Warship. By E. L. Attwood.
17 Aerial Locomotion. By E. H. Harper, M.A., and Allan E. Ferguson, B.Sc.
18 Electricity in Locomotion. By A. G. Whyte, B.Sc.
63 Wireless Telegraphy. By Prof. C. L. Fortescue, M.A.
58 The Story of a Loaf of Bread. By Prof. T. B. Wood, M.A.
47 Brewing. By A. Chaston Chapman, F.I.C.
82 Coal-Mining. By T. C. Cantrill.
83 Leather. By Prof. H. R. Procter.

"A very valuable series of books which combine in a very happy way a popular presentation of scientific truth along with the accuracy of treatment which in such subjects is essential.... In their general appearance, and in the quality of their binding, print, and paper, these volumes are perhaps the most satisfactory of all those which offer to the inquiring layman the hardly earned products of technical and specialist research."—Spectator

"A complete set of these manuals is as essential to the equipment of a good school as is an encyclopaedia.... We can conceive no better series of handy books for ready reference than those represented by the Cambridge Manuals."—School World

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