THE BATTLES AND THEIR EFFECTS.
8th Aug.–12th Aug.
13 Inf. and 3 Cav. Divs. defeated 20 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF AMIENS disengaged Amiens, until then in range of the German guns, and freed the Paris-Amiens railway. Our attack was then transferred to the north in
21st Aug.–31st Aug.
23 Divs. defeated 35 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF BAPAUME which, turning the flank of the German positions on the Somme, compelled the enemy to withdraw to the east bank of the river. His new positions were then turned from the north by
26th Aug.–3rd Sept.
7 Divs. defeated 13 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF ARRAS by which the Drocourt-Quéant line was broken and the enemy was forced to fall back on the outer defences of the Hindenburg line. As the direct result of these battles
The LYS Salient was evacuated by the enemy and we regained Lens-Merville-Bailleul-Kemmel Hill and freed Hazebrouck and the important railways there. Then came
18th Sept.–19th Sept.
14 Divs. defeated 15 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF EPEHY which broke through the outer Hindenburg defences and brought us into position for attack on the main line in
27th Sept.–10th Oct.
35 Inf., 3 Cav. and 2 American Divs. defeated 45 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF CAMBRAI-ST. QUENTIN which in ten days of victorious fighting broke through the last and strongest of the enemy’s fully prepared positions, opening the way to a war of movement and an advance on the German main lines of communication. These great assaults fell into three main phases:—
1. The storming of the Canal du Nord on the left of our attack and the advance on Cambrai, followed immediately by
2. THE GREAT BLOW WHICH SHATTERED THE HINDENBURG LINE AND TURNED THE DEFENCES OF ST. QUENTIN.
3. The development of these successes by a general attack on the whole front which broke through the last of the German defences in the rear of the Hindenburg Line, forcing the enemy to evacuate Cambrai and St. Quentin and fall back on the line of the River Selle. These battles, striking at vital enemy communications, created a huge salient in his lines. Meanwhile further north in
28th Sept.–29th Sept.
9 Divs. defeated 5 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF YPRES British and Belgians forced the enemy back from Ypres and drove a salient into his lines which endangered his positions on the Belgian Coast. This success was extended by
14th Oct.–31st Oct.
7 British Divs. defeated 6 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF COURTRAI which widened and deepened this salient and resulted in the capture of Halluin, Menin and Courtrai. This series of battles north and south had as their immediate result, in the south,
THE EVACUATION OF LAON and the retreat of the enemy to the line of the Aisne, and, in the centre,
THE WITHDRAWAL TO THE SCHELDT in which Lille and the great industrial district of France were freed there, and in the north.
THE CLEARING OF THE BELGIAN COAST, whereby the enemy was deprived of his important submarine bases at Ostend, Zeebrugge and Bruges. The enemy was now back on the line of the Selle and Scheldt rivers.
17th Oct.–25th Oct.
26 British Divs. defeated 31 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF THE SELLE forced him from the line of that river and drove still another salient into his defences. It was followed by the final blow—
1st Nov.–11th Nov.
26 British Divs. defeated 32 German Divs.
THE BATTLE OF MAUBEUGE, which struck at and broke the enemy’s last important lateral communications, turned his positions on the Scheldt and forced him to retreat rapidly from Courtrai. This victory completed the great strategical aim of the whole series of battles by dividing, in effect, the enemy’s forces into two parts, one on each side of the great natural barrier of the Ardennes. The pursuit of the beaten enemy all along the Allied line was only stopped by the Armistice.
Most of the officers and men are new, but such veterans as are available will be drafted back when circumstances allow, and there is no old member of the squadron who is not confident that the new formation will add to that high reputation which 60 has enjoyed from the day of its birth, and which we, who served in it, have helped to build, or, at all events, have tried our hardest not to damage.
Though the records, owing to a fire in the squadron office in November 1916, may perhaps be not quite complete, yet the destruction of 274 enemy aircraft can be traced.
The honours gained by officers or men, whilst serving in the squadron, are:
- 1 V.C.
- 5 D.S.O.s.
- 1 Bar to D.S.O.
- 37 Military Crosses.
- 5 Distinguished Flying Crosses.
The map which will be found at the end of this chapter is published by permission of Field-Marshal Earl Haig, and shows very clearly the ground gained and the prisoners taken by the victorious British armies during the last three months of the war.
APPENDIX I
LIST OF OFFICERS WHO HAVE SERVED IN 60 SQUADRON
Together with the Decorations gained by them, not necessarily in the Squadron; all Officers are shown in the Highest Rank to which they attained during the War.
APPENDIX II
BATTLE CASUALTIES
In this list each officer is given in the rank which he held at the time he was wounded or missing. It is very apparent that it was during April 1917 that the squadron went through the bitterest fighting. There were 20 casualties in this month alone. The worst month after this was September 1917, with 8 casualties, while in July and again in September 1918, 6 pilots “went west.”
These figures show clearly the increase in the intensity of air fighting as the contest wore on. In August 1916, when 60 was still a two-seater squadron with only one scout flight, we lost 5 pilots and 2 observers; this was thought at the time to be high, as indeed it was according to the standard of those days, though several other squadrons lost more heavily during the Somme. Nevertheless, the figures show only too clearly that the Arras fighting was far the severest trial 60 ever had, for during April 1917 the losses were 105 per cent. The total number of Battle Casualties is 115, sustained during 29 months of war flying, giving an average of just under 4 per month, or nearly one a week.
An analysis of the figures shows that 76 of these 115 were killed, while 39 are alive, unless, indeed, they were killed with another squadron later in the war: but this could only have happened to the 21 wounded who got back to their own side of the lines.
Of the 72 missing, 54 are dead, 17 were repatriated from Germany, while one, Ridley, escaped.
Though it was true to say that roughly half of our missing in the Air Force were alive, it will be seen that in 60’s case the average was much smaller, only 25 per cent. instead of 50 per cent.
FOOTNOTES
[1] By means of which the machine is tilted sideways.
[2] Anti-aircraft or high-angle guns on the ground.
[3] All flying machines were known as “grids” in the squadron.
[4] The F.E.8 was a “pusher” machine, that is with the engine and propeller behind the pilot. It was used for reconnaissance work at this time, but later became one of our night-bombing aeroplanes.
[5] Used for signals. It fired a kind of cartridge from which a flaming ball was discharged of red, green, or white lights.
[6] The weekly official record of work done by the R.F.C., including all scraps in which the Hun “crashed” or “went down out of control.”
[7] Anti-aircraft guns or shells.
[8] It is very difficult to fly by compass in clouds for any length of time.
[9] Kite balloon.
[10] These machines were some of the first to be used for reconnaissance purposes. They did about ninety miles an hour “all out,” and were therefore difficult to handle against the faster Albatros. It is very often the duty of reconnaissance machines not to engage in a fight, as their news may be lost.
[11] When every machine gets mixed up in a sort of mêlée.
[12] Either of the D3 or D5 type, which was generally used by the enemy at this time. It was an efficient machine for speed, but could not climb as well as our scouts.
[13] A machine is spinning when it is diving towards the ground turning in a corkscrew fashion.
[14] Most fighting is now done in “formation,” that is in an organised pack. Either the machines fly in the shape of a wedge or a diamond, or in some order which is most convenient to the “leader.”
[15] It is very often impossible to watch a machine after it has been hit until it “crashes.” It is, therefore, counted as out of control. Sometimes this was used as a “blind” by some pilots to escape. They simply let the machine do what it liked, and when near the ground took control again.
[16] A vehicle used for moving dismantled aeroplanes by road.
[17] A pet name used for artillery machines of the B.E. type.
[18] The Huns always used to bombard certain areas in the morning and evening. These bombardments were known as the morning and evening hate.
[19] These rockets were invented by a Frenchman and used for balloon strafing. They were placed in cases on the struts, and were fired by electricity. The rocket was about 1½ feet long and the stick about 3 feet.
[20] These are used, generally in the ratio of one to four ordinary or armour-piercing bullets, to show the general direction in which the burst of fire is going. Instead of being filled with lead like the ordinary bullet, they contain phosphorus, which commences to burn as soon as the bullet is discharged from the machine gun, and leaves behind it a trail of smoke and fire to mark its course.
[21] A number of balls of fire fastened together and shot up into the air in order to fall over the attacking machine and bring it down in flames.
[22] A type of machine gun. The bullets are fed from a “drum” which is automatically turned when the gun fires.
[23] The tail plane which is used to direct the machine up or down.
[24] Tennis.
[25] A pilot who has brought down five or more enemy machines.
[26] Corresponds to an Adjutant in an infantry battalion.
[27] Bishop.
[28] A.M.L.O.: Assistant Military Landing Officer.
[29] Bishop, who got his V.C. for this.
[30] An indefinitely large number.
[31] Trick flying.
[32] A formidable line of trenches branching off from the main Hindenburg line of Quéant and defending Douai.
[33] A stream flowing north of Arras.
[34] Same as wind up, or fright.
[35] One of the most famous formations of enemy scouts, composed of the “crack” German pilots. Their machines generally had red bodies.
[36] A piece of aluminium shaped so as to cover the engine.
[37] A main plane is made up of two spars on which the ribs are fixed.
[38] Body of the machine.
[39] A barbarous word invented by the Army, and which means “alighting from an omnibus.”
[40] This, I am afraid, is not quite accurate, as a glance at Appendix II will show.
[41] Ypres.
[42] Cassel.
[43] A type of hangar invented by a Frenchman and generally used on our aerodromes in France.
[44] A method used to bring a machine down quickly without gaining speed.
[45] Air mechanics.
[46] Bishop.
[47] Scott.
[48] Scott.
[49] G. L. Lloyd.
[50] Penny.
[51] The S.E.5s.
[52] Bishop.
[53] Bishop.
[54] Home Establishment.
INDEX
- “Ace,” a French, [60] and note[25]
- Adam, Lieut. A. R., [128], [136]
- Adinfer Wood, [35];
- German trenches, [37–8]
- Aeroplane Supply Depot, No. [1], [112]
- Air Board Training Division, [87]
- Air Force Mechanical Transport, work of, [116–17]
- Albatros machines, [29–30], [31–2], [38], 42 note[10], [43] and note[12], [54], [55], [88], [103]
- Albert, [30]
- Allenby, General, inspection of 60 Squadron, [53], [56–7];
- sent to Egypt, [106]
- Americans, the, at Beugnatre, [118];
- men serving in English scout squadrons, [121–2]
- Amiens, [13], [106], [115–16];
- a dinner in, [118]
- Anderson, Lieut. J. R., [128], [137]
- “Archie” gunners, [8], [22], [34] and note[7], [35], [51–3]
- Armistice, the, [90], [122–4]
- Armstrong, Capt. D. V., [3], [8], [11], [15], [17–19];
- death, [72–3], [128]
- — Lieut. J. L., [128]
- Army of the Rhine, [126]
- Arras, [26], [56], [67];
- battle of, [22], [30–64]
- Arras-Albert Sector, the German retreat, [32–3]
- Arras-Cambrai road, [11–12]
- Artillery horses, [83]
- Artillery registration, German, [58–9], [61–2]
- Aspinall, Sergt.-Major, [4–5], [23]
- Atkinson, Lieut. F. L., [128], [136]
- Ayling, 2/Lieut. W. R., [128]
- B.E. machines, [9], [41]
- B.E.2C. machines, [2]
- Baalman, Lieut. J., [128]
- Bacon, Lieut. D. H., [128], [135]
- Bailleul aerodrome, [105]
- Baisieux, [116]
- Baker, Lieut. C. G., [128]
- Balfour, Major H. H., [3], [90], [128];
- description of a flight, [11–13]
- Ball, Captain A., [15–17], [39], [73], [81], [128]
- — Lieut. A. C., [88–9], [128], [137]
- “Balloon strafing,” [20–1], [38], [47–48];
- account by Captain Molesworth, [50–3]
- Bancroft, Sergt., [69], [136]
- Bapaume, [15], [17], [18], [36], [94], [118]
- Barnaby, Capt. H. O., of the “archie” gunners, [22]
- Barnett, Lieut. H. J. O., [128]
- Barrington-Kennet, Basil, [4]
- Bartlett, Lieut. J. N., [106], [128]
- Baths, camp, [95], [96]
- Battle, F/Officer H. F. V., [128], [138]
- Beck, Capt. A., [115], [122], [128]
- Belgian troops, rations and ammunitions for, [116]
- Belgrave, Capt. J. D., [73], [111], [128], [137]
- Bellevue, [105–6]
- Bell-Irving, Major A. D., [3], [15], [17], [21], [23], [128], [135]
- Bessoneau hangars, [94] and note[43]
- Beugnatre, [116], [118]
- Bigood, 2/Lieut. J., [3], [128]
- Binnie, Capt. A., [39], [44–5], [128], [136]
- Biplanes, Morane, [5], [6]
- Bishop, Lieut.-Col. W. A., [40], [45], [47], [49], [61–3], [66], [73], [81], [90], [97], [101–2], [104], [112], [128]
- Black Boy, dog, [96]
- Black, Capt. C. T., [39], [128]
- Blake, Capt. C. L., [128]
- Blessley, Lieut. R. C. W., [128]
- Boffles, 60 Squadron at, [106], [116]
- Boisdinghem, 60 Squadron moved to, [8]
- Booby traps, [36], [38], [123]
- Boulogne, [83]
- Bourlon Wood, 118
- Bower, 2/Lieut. F., [47–8], [129], [135]
- Brackenbury, Lieut. H. S., [45], [129]
- Breguet machine, [119–21]
- Bright, 89279 2/A.M. H. H., [137]
- Bristol machines, [2], [39], [115]
- Browning-Paterson, Capt. H. A., [3], [129], [135]
- Bruay mines, [57]
- Brussels, [9]
- Bryant, Capt. W. E. G., [3], [129], [135]
- Bryning, Lieut. H. E. W., [129]
- Buckingham bullets, [21], [51]
- Buckley, 2/Lieut. H., [115], [129], [137]
- “Bullets,” Morane, [5], [6–8], [11]
- Burbidge, 2/Lieut. E. A., [129]
- Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, quoted, [74–5]
- Burning machine, a, described, [102–3]
- Busigny, [15]
- Caffyn, Lieut. C. McH. M., [45–6], [129], [135]
- Caldwell, Major K. L., [28], [31], [39], [57], [66], [70], [73], [129]
- Callaghan, Lieut. L. K., [118]
- Cambrai, [15], [50], [56], [118], [122];
- attack November [20], [79]
- Camel machines on the Somme, [18];
- for 151 Squadron, [71];
- for 148 Squadron, [117]
- Campbell, Lieut. K. T., [129]
- Canada, the elections, [84]
- Canadian cavalry, [40]
- Canadians, first contingent, [40];
- in the R.A.F., [81]
- Capel, Lieut. L. H. T., [129]
- Carleton, Capt. C. W., [129]
- Carlyle, Lieut. W. M., [129], [135]
- Carter, Lieut. A., [70], [129]
- Cass, 2/Lieut. W. E., [129]
- Cassel, [70], [86]
- Casualties, the first Flying Corps, [13];
- list of, [134–8]
- Caswell, Lieut. G. F., [129], [138]
- Caudry Station blown up, [123]
- Caunter, Capt. J. C. A., [129], [137]
- Cavendish, Lord John, ideal of a gentleman’s character, [74], [78–9]
- Cecil, Lord Hugh, on the education of the future R.A.F. officer, [74], [124]
- Cemeteries, German, [36]
- Central Flying School, Uphaven, [3], [81]
- Chapman, 2/Lieut. L. C., [129], [136]
- “Character of a gentleman,” [74–9]
- Charles, Capt. L. S., [129], [135]
- Chidlaw-Roberts, Capt. R. L., [70], [73], [129]
- Chinese coolies, [83–4]
- Chipilly, [47]
- Christie, 2/Lieut. E. W., [129], [137]
- Church Army huts, [84]
- Churchill, Mr., [125]
- Cinema, the, [101]
- “Circus,” the, red-painted German machines, [30], [38], [54], [67] and note[35]
- Cizancourt Bridge, [19]
- Clare, Capt. S., [129]
- Clark, Capt. F. W., [89], [129]
- — 2/Lieut. L. L., [3], [129], [135]
- — 2/Lieut. R. B., [48–9], [129], [136]
- Clarke, Major A. C., [114], [129];
- Armistice dinner, [123–4]
- Clay, T., Flight Commander, [118]
- Clouds, difficulties of flying in, [34–5]
- Cock, Lieut. J. H., [129], [136]
- Cole, A/Capt. E. S. T., [129]
- Collier, Capt. J., [129]
- Comic Cuts, [27] and note[6]
- Compass, use in clouds, [34] and note[8]
- Compass stations, [58–9]
- Conrad, on the west wind, [109–10]
- Cooper bombs, [18], [19], [70]
- Copeland, Capt. W. H. K., [106], [129]
- Courcelette, [15]
- Court, Lieut. G. F., [129]
- Craig, 2/Lieut. G. B., [129], [137]
- Crane, Lieut. F. D., [129]
- Crashes, [91]
- Crawford, Capt. K., [129], [137]
- Creech, Lieut. J. O., [118]
- Croisille, [34]
- Crompton, Lieut. H. D., [89], [90], [129]
- — Lieut. J. B., [70], [129]
- Cros, Lieut. G. L. Du, [129]
- Crowe, Major C. M., [114], [129]
- Cunningham, Lieut. C. F., [129]
- Dainville, [32]
- Dalmeny, Lord, [106]
- Daly, F/Lieut. A. P. V., [31], [129]
- Davies, Capt. I. Meredyth, [111], [129]
- Day, Lieut. W. B., [129]
- De Havilland machines, [115];
- 60 Squadron equipped with, [126]
- “Debussing,” term, [72] and note[39]
- Delay-action mines, [36], [123]
- Dell-Clarke, Capt. G. C., [129], [137]
- Demobilisation, [125–7]
- Densham, 2/Lieut. E. W. C., [129]
- Devastation by the enemy, [35–6]
- Dixmude, [119]
- Dobson, F/Lieut. G. W., [24–5], [129]
- Doby, batman, [14]
- “Dog-fights,” [43] and note[11], [54]
- Dogs of 60 Squadron, [84], [96]
- “Dope” treatment for aeroplane fabric, [28]
- Douai, [9], [42], [47], [54], 66 note[32], [88], [94]
- Doullens, [105]
- Doullens-Amiens road, [8]
- Doyle, Capt. J. E., [115], [129], [137]
- Drocourt Switch, [66] and note[32]
- Drocourt-Quéant Switch, [94]
- Drummond, Lieut. L., [129]
- Drysdale, Capt. J. M., [129], [135]
- Duck-boards, [83]
- Dug-outs, German, [36–8]
- Duncan, Capt. G. M., [115], [116], [129]
- — Capt. W. J. A., [73], [89], [90], [106], [111], [129]
- Dutch frontier escapes, [9]
- Eleventh Wing, the, 60 Squadron moved to, [65], [69]
- Elgood, 2/Lieut. J., [129]
- Elliott, Lieut. G. F., [129]
- — Lieut. J. McC., [47], [130], [136]
- Engines, air-cooled rotaries, [25], [65];
- water-cooled stationaries, [25], [65–6]
- Epinoy aerodrome, [114]
- Estrées-en-Chaussée, attacks on, [18–20]
- Etaples, [63], [126]
- Evans, Lieut. C. D., [89], [130]
- “Evening hate,” [49] and note[18]
- F.E.8 machines, [26] and note[4], [94], [95]
- Fampoux, [47]
- Fienvilliers, [106]
- Fifth Army, [70]
- Fighting in the air, conditions, [108–9]
- Filescamp Farm, 60 Squadron established at, [24], [57], [69–70]
- First Army front, night-bombing, [72];
- the Cambrai attack, [79]
- Fitzgerald, 2/Lieut. J. J., [130], [137]
- Flintoft, 2/Lieut. H. T., [130]
- “Flying Pig,” the, [43]
- Flynn, 2/Lieut. J. H., [130], [137]
- Foch, Maréchal, [119–20]
- Fokkers, produced autumn 1915, [2];
- not distinguishable from the “bullets,” [8];
- on the Somme, [12];
- the D[7], [115];
- low-flying, [117–18]
- Folkestone, [62]
- Foot, Major E. L., [8], [15], [130]
- Football teams, [23], [82–3], [125]
- Formation, fighting in, [43] and note[14]
- Forsyth, 2/Lieut. C. V., [130]
- France, Lieut. C. W., [130]
- French Flying Corps, [119–20]
- Frost, effect on Hun flying, [25], [31]
- Fry, Capt. W. M., [46], [50], [130]
- Gallais, Capt. P. E. M. Le, [130]
- Gallipoli, [39]
- Garnett, Lieut. W. P., [130], [135]
- Gavrelle, [67]
- German Flying Corps, [117], [122]
- German retreat, March 1917, [33], [34];
- prisoners at Cassel, [86–7];
- courtesy, [88]
- Gibbon, Lieut. F. O., [130]
- Gilchrist, Lieut. W., [130], [136]
- — Major E. J. L. W., [8], [15], [17], [21], [31], [130], [135]
- Giles, Capt. G. A., [23], [130]
- Gnome Martinsyde scout, [23]
- Good, Lieut. H., [3], [130]
- Goodrich, Capt. F. E., [130]
- Gordon, Lieut. H. A., [111–12], [130], [137]
- Gosport School of Special Flying, [2], [14], [17]
- Gotha biplanes, [18]
- Gramophone Company factory at Hayes, [5]
- Grandin, 2/Lieut. R. J., [45], [130], [136]
- Graves, Major E. P., command of 60 Squadron, [23], [24];
- death of, [30], [31], [130], [135]
- Gray, Capt. D. B., [3], [130]
- Grenfell, Capt. E. O., [8], [15], [31–2], [130], [135]
- “Grids,” the term, [26] and note[3], [28]
- Griffith, Lieut. J. S., [90], [106], [111], [130], [137]
- Gunner, 2/Lieut. W. H., [130], [136]
- Gun-oil, non-freezing, [31]
- Guy, Capt. H. W., [130]
- Haig, Field-Marshal Earl, [116], 127
- Hall, Lieut. C. S., [41], [47], [66], [130], [136]
- — Lieut. J. G., [130], [137]
- Hamer, Lieut. H., [130]
- Hammersley, Capt. H. A., [70], [73], [89], [90], [106], [130]
- Hammond, Lieut. H. T., [130], [136]
- Hare-hunting, [125–6]
- Harlow, 2/Lieut. L. P., [130]
- Harris, Lieut. H., [3], [130]
- — 2/Lieut. R. M., [130], [136]
- Havrincourt Wood, [15], [117]
- Hawtrey, 2/Lieut. J. J. A., [130], [136]
- Hayes, [5]
- Headlam, Lieut. J., [130], [137]
- Heenan, Major J. N. O., [3], [130]
- Hegarty, Capt. H. G., [89], [106], [111], [130]
- Hem, [106]
- Hemsworth, Lieut. G. W., [84–6], [130]
- Henderson, Lieut. C. R., [130]
- — Lieut. N. P., [130], [136]
- Herbert, Capt. E. G., [31], [130], [135]
- Hervey, Lieut. H. E., [45], [130], [136]
- Hickson, 2/Lieut. F. A., [130]
- Higgins, Brig.-Gen. J. F. A., [22], [23], [57];
- account of Ball’s feats, [16–17]
- Hill, Sqdn.-Leader R. M., [8], [15], [17], [21], [130]
- Hindenburg Line, [34], [94], [99];
- German retreat to, [123]
- Hispano Suisa engine, [65], [66], [90]
- Holland, Capt. C., [130]
- Honours gained by 60 Squadron, [127]
- Hopper, 2/Lieut. R., [31], [130], [135]
- Horn, F/Lieut. S. B., [57], [66], [130]
- Hôtel Continental at Paris-Plage, [63]
- Howard, 2/Lieut. E. S., [130], [136];
- an adventure at Roeux, [46–7]
- Hun Jagdstaffeln, [65]
- Hunter, Lieut. G. D., [130], [136]
- Hussars, the 19th, [3], [24]
- Incendiary bombs, [19], [21]
- Independent Air Force, [120]
- India, 60 Squadron stationed in, [126]
- Iron Cross, [27]
- Izel le Hameau aerodrome, [21–4], [91]
- Jenkins, Lieut. W. E., [66], [69], [70], [130], [137]
- Johnson, Lieut. O. P., [116], [130]
- Johnston, Lieut. B. S., [130]
- Jones, Lieut. R. N. K., [130]
- Joyce, Lieut. P. S., [131], [135]
- Kate, dog, [96]
- Kean, Capt. R. C., [131]
- Keddie, Capt. G. D. F., [3], [131]
- Keen, Lieut. S. W., [131], [137]
- Kelly, Lieut. C. M., [131]
- Kemmel Hill, [120]
- Kent, 2/Lieut. W. M., [89–90], [131], [137]
- Kerr, Lieut. J. F. M., [131]
- Kight, 2/Lieut. J. L., [131]
- Kimbell, 2/Lieut. R. E., [131], [136]
- Kindley, F. E., [18]
- King, 2/Lieut. C. H. M., [131]
- Kingwill, Capt. A. N., [131]
- Kirkpatrick, Lieut. R. A., [131]
- Kirton, Capt. H., [131]
- Kite balloons, hostile, firing of, [20–21], [38]
- “Kite,” name applied to the Morane biplane, [6]
- Knowles, Capt. M. B., [41], [131], [136]
- — Lieut. R. H., [3], [131]
- Langwill, Lieut. T., [47], [131], [136]
- Latta, Capt. J. D., [15], [17], [131]
- Laurie-Reid, 2/Lieut. J., [3], [131]
- Laurier, election of, [84]
- Law, Capt. J. K., [70–1], [131], [137]
- — Mr. Bonar, [70]
- Le Cateau, [122]
- Le Hameau, [56]
- Le Prieur rockets, [20], [21], [51] and note[19]
- Le Quesnoy, [123]
- Le Rhone engine, [6], [7], [28], [65]
- Leckie, 2/Lieut. L. H., [131]
- Lens, [44]
- Lewis, Col., [22]
- — Lieut. H. M., [131]
- — Lieut. R. G., [111–12], [131], [137]
- Lewis guns, [7], [28], [52] and note[22], [55], [90]
- Lille, [14]
- Lloyd, Capt. E. A., [131]
- — Lieut. D. R. C., [50], [57], [131], [136]
- — Major G. L., [50], [57], [66], [98–9], [131]
- Lobo, dog, [66]
- Locre Château, [72]
- London Colney, in Herts, [118]
- London, defence of, [19]
- Loraine, Robert, 22
- Losses, calculation of, [107–8];
- German method, [108]
- Loughram, Lieut. L. B., [131], [137]
- Louw, 2/Lieut. J. C., [131]
- Low flying, [47]
- Lucheux, Château of, [98]
- Lund, Lieut. R. J. S., [131]
- Lys, the, [120]
- McCall, Capt. J. D., [131]
- McCarthy, Lieut. W. F., [131]
- McCracken, Lieut. E. J. C., [131], [137]
- McCudden, Major J. B., [112–4], [131]
- McEntegart, F/Lieut. B., [116], [131]
- MacGregor, Lieut. I. C., [70], [131], [137]
- Machines, faulty, [45–6]
- Mackey, 2/Lieut. N. C., [131]
- McKissock, 2/Lieut. C. D., [131], [136]
- McLean, Lieut. C. T., [118]
- Maclennan, 2/Lieut. R. D., [131], [137];
- his letters quoted, [80–7]
- MacVicker, Lieut. J. E. C., [131], [137]
- Marie Capelle aerodrome, [70], [80], [88], [91];
- described by 2/Lieut. R. W. Maclennan, [81–7]
- Marlborough in Flanders, [98]
- Marquise, [112]
- Martin, 2/Lieut. H. E., [131], [135]
- Martinpuich, [15]
- Mason, F/Officer S. J., [116], [131]
- Maubeuge, [123]
- Meintjies, Major H., [3], [8], [15], [17], [23], [31], [39], [131]
- Menin, [73]
- Mesopotamia, [70]
- Message-dropping, novel system, [72–3]
- Messines Ridge, [65]
- Metz, [120]
- Middlemas, Capt. P., [23], [131]
- Millar, 2/Lieut. S. C., [131]
- Milot, Major J. A., [45], [131], [136]
- Moislans, [19]
- Molesworth, Capt. W. E., [38], [47], [57], [131];
- letters of, describing fights, quoted, [25–7], [35–8], [42–4], [50–3], [66–9];
- on the feelings and emotions of a scout pilot, [92–105];
- honours for, [66], [105]
- Molyneux, Capt. H. A. S., [131]
- Monchy-au-Bois, [35]
- Monchy-le-Preux, [55]
- Mons, [13], [14]
- Moore, Major B. F., [88], [112], [131]
- Moranes (French machine) supplied to 60 Squadron, [3], [5], [6–8], [11], [91]
- Morey, Lieut. A. W., [88], [131], [137]
- Morris, Lieut. D. H., [131]
- Morse, Capt. F. J., [131]
- Mowle, Lieut. A. W. M., [132], [136]
- Murray, Lieut. D. C. G., [132], [136]
- Nancy, [118]
- Netheravon, [23]
- Newman, “Idea of a University” quoted, [74], [76–8]
- Newth, 2/Lieut. W. B., [132]
- Newton, 2/Lieut. H. J., [3], [132], [135]
- Nicholson, Lieut. B., [14], [132]
- Nicod, Sergt., [22]
- Nieuport machines, given to 1 Squadron, [2];
- 60 Squadron equipped with, [21–2], [54–5];
- description, [27–9], [65], [91];
- the Albatros and, compared, [38];
- given to 29 Squadron, [41]
- Night bombing, Hun, [71–2]
- Night Flying Squadron 151, [17]
- Ninth Division in Gallipoli, [39]
- Nissen huts, [24], [96]
- O’Beirne, Lieut. J. I. M., [3], [132]
- Offensive, March 1918, [92–124]
- Oliver, Lieut. A. R., [132]
- “Onions, flaming,” [52] and note[21]
- Ormsby, Lieut. J. A. N., [132], [135]
- Orpen, Lieut. H. C. M., [116], [132]
- Ortner, Lieut. E. R., [132]
- Osborne, Lieut. F. H., [132]
- Osmond, Lieut. G. E., [132]
- Overy, Lieut. C. F., [3], [132]
- Oxford, [85]
- Painting the “grids,” [97]
- Parachutes, [115–16]
- “Parasols,” Morane, for 60 Squadron, [5–6]
- Paris, machines from, [45]
- Paris-Plage, [63]
- Parker, Capt. G. A., [132], [135]
- — Major S. E., [132]
- Parkes, Lieut. F. C., [132]
- — Lieut. G. A. H., [132], [136]
- Parry, Capt. C., [132], [137]
- Passchendale, [65–91], [119]
- Patrick, Major C. K. Cochrane, [65], [70], [87], [132]
- Patterson, Major C., [132]
- Penny, Capt. A. R., [46], [47], [100], 132
- Percival, Lieut. E. W., [132]
- Pfalz scouts, [112]
- Phalen, 2/Lieut. R. M., [132], [136]
- Phillippi, Capt. G., [15], [21], [132], [135]
- Photographs taken by 60 Squadron, [42]
- Pidcock, F/Officer G. A. H., [50], [132]
- “Pink Lady,” the, [30]
- Pope, F/Officer S. L., [79], [132]
- Poperinghe, [66], [71]
- Portal, Lieut. C. F. A., [3], [132]
- Pretyman, Col., [22], [57]
- Price, 2/Lieut. O., [132]
- Priestley, Lieut. J. O., [89], [132]
- Proctor, Lieut. H. N. J., [132], [137]
- Quéant, 66 note[32]
- Quievy, [116], [122]
- R.A.S., No. [1], [3]
- Radford (Basil Hallam), [11]
- Ransart, [35]
- Rayner, Capt. E. B. A., [132]
- — Capt. J. W., [116–18], [132]
- Read, Lieut. F. K., [132]
- Recording Officer, work of the, [66] and note[32]
- Richthofen, [38]
- — Freiherr von, [30]
- Ridley, 2/Lieut. C. A., [3], [9–10], [132], [134], [135]
- Robertson, Lieut. N. McL., [132], [135]
- — 2/Lieut. D. M., [132], [136]
- Roeux, attack on, [46–7]
- Ross, 2/Lieut. H. G., [46], [47], [132], [136]
- Roth, Lieut. J. A., [132]
- Roulers, [70]
- Roxburgh-Smith, Capt. B., [132]
- Royal Air Force, official formation, [88]
- Royal Flying Corps, number of squadrons, [2];
- ground operations, [46];
- amalgamation with the R.N.A.S., [88]
- Royal Military College, [40]
- Royal Munster Fusiliers, [92]
- Royal Naval Air Force, [2]
- Royal Naval Air Service, [88]
- Royal Warwickshire Regiment, [88]
- Roystan, Lieut. N. C., [132], [137]
- Rumpler or L.V.G., [113]
- Russell, Lieut. W. O., [132], [136]
- Rutherford, Capt., [66], [69], [70], [73], [132]
- S. E. 5s, [39], [54], [112];
- 60 Squadron equipped with, [65–6], [73], [81], [90–1], [101]
- St. André, [21]
- St. Omer, [3], [5], [83]
- St. Pol, [22], [88]
- St. Quentin, [15]
- Salmond, Gen. Sir J., [14], [88]
- Saunders, Lieut. A. W., [111], [112], [115], [132]
- Savy aerodrome and village, [22], [23]
- Scarpe, the, [67];
- valley, [41], [46]
- Scholte, Capt. O. J. F., [73], [111], [132]
- Scott, Major A. J. L., [132], [136];
- commander 60 Squadron, [30–1];
- wing commander, [65];
- honour for, [97–8];
- wounded, [98–101]
- Scouts, method of work in 1916, [8–9]
- Seabrook, Capt. J., [132]
- Second Army in Ypres Sector, [65];
- report centre, [70], [72]
- Sedgeford in Norfolk, [126]
- Seely, Gen., [14]
- Selous, Capt. F. H. B., [73–4], [132], [137]
- Sergt.-Major, technical work, [5]
- Sherwood, Lieut., [70], [132], [137]
- Sillars, Lieut. R. G., [132]
- Simpson, Lieut. J. H., [3], [11], [133]
- Sinclair, 2/Lieut. M. D., [116], [133]
- Small, Lieut.-Col. B. C. D., account of Capt. Armstrong, [17–20]
- Smart, 2/Lieut. G. O., [41], [133], [136]
- — Sqdn.-Leader H. G., [3], [133]
- Smith, Lieut. J. E., [133], [137]
- — Lieut. L. H., [133], [138]
- — Lieut. R. H., [133]
- — 2/Lieut. H. S., [137]
- Smith-Barry, Lieut.-Col. R. R., [133];
- flight commander, [3], [8], [11–13], [13–15];
- at Gosport, [17];
- a farewell dinner, [22–3]
- Smyrk, [5]
- Soden, Lieut. F. O., [73], [89], [133]
- Somers, Capt. A. S. M., [3]
- Somme, the, work of 60 Squadron, [11–29]
- Sopwith two-seaters, [30], [42] and note[10]
- Southwell, Lieut. L. V., [133], [137]
- Sowrey, Sqdn.-Leader W., [133]
- “Spad,” a, given to Major Foot, [15]
- Spandau guns, [38], [55]
- Spencer, Lieut. J. M. J., [133], [135]
- Spies, method of landing, [9–10]
- Springs, Lieut., [118]
- Squadron, No. 1 Reserve Aeroplane, [2];
- 3 Squadron, [114];
- 7 Squadron, [40];
- 11 Squadron, [41], [114];
- 17 American Squadron, [118–9];
- 20 Squadron, [23], [70];
- 23 Squadron, [65];
- 29 Squadron, [41], [50], [71], [113];
- 40 Squadron, [66];
- 43 Squadron, [30], [90];
- 48 Squadron, [39];
- 56 Squadron, [39], [54], [113], [114], [119–20];
- 70 Squadron, [71];
- 74 Squadron, [39];
- 85 Squadron, [112], [114];
- 148 American Squadron, [117–119];
- 151 Squadron, [17–20], [71–2];
- 201 Squadron, [118]
- Squadron, 60, formation, [1–10];
- inspection by Gen. Allenby, [53], [56–7];
- honours gained by, [127]
- Stedman, Lieut. F., [133], [136]
- Steele, 2/Lieut. R. B., [69], [133]
- Stockwell, 2/Lieut. L. G., [133], [138]
- Stookes, T/Capt. V. A., [133]
- Strange, Louis, [125]
- Stuart-Smith, 2/Lieut. H. S., [133]
- Sullock, Lieut. E. A., [133]
- Summers, Capt. A. S. M., [15], [21], [73], [133], [135]
- Sussex Yeomanry, [30]
- Synchronising gear, none on the Moranes, [7]
- Talbot, 2/Lieut. H. E., [133]
- Taylor, Capt. H. S., [133]
- Temperley, Capt. G. J., [133]
- Tennant, Lieut. G. E., [133]
- Tennis at Files Camp Farm, [57]
- Tetus, M., demesne of, [24], [57]
- Thamer, Lieut. O., [133], [137]
- Third Army Front, Arras, [30], [31];
- night bombing on, [72];
- the Cambrai attack, [79]
- Third Corps attack, Aug. 1917, [69]
- Thirteenth Wing, [105], [117], [119]
- Thomson, 2/Lieut. S. A., [133], [137]
- Thornton, F/Officer E., [133]
- Tounshend, Mr. Thos., [79]
- Tower, Capt. H. C., [3], [15], [133], [135]
- Townesend, F/Lieut. E. J. D., [133], [135]
- Tracer bullets, [51] and note[22], [52]
- Trailers, [49] and note[16]
- Trenchard, General, [2], [88], [120];
- orders of, [108]
- Trenches, German, [36–8]
- Triplanes, German, [89]
- Trusler, Lieut. J. W., [133]
- Two-seater fighters, [115]
- Uphaven Central Flying School, [3]
- Upton-Smith, 2/Lieut. F. E., [133]
- Valenciennes, [123]
- Vert Galant, 60 Squadron at, [8], [12], [21]
- Very lights, [104];
- pistols, [27] and note[5], [35], [38]
- Vickers gun, [90]
- Vimy Ridge, [50]
- Vincent, Capt. S. F., [15], [22], [133]
- Vis-en-Artois, [54]
- Vitry, [66]
- Wainwright, Lieut. B. M., [133], [135]
- Waldron, Major F. F., [2–4], [11–13], [133], [135]
- Walker, Lieut., [133]
- — Sergt. A., [135]
- Walters, Lieut. A. M., [15], [133]
- Weedon, Capt. L. S., [31], [133]
- West Wind, Conrad on the, [109–10]
- Westergaard, 2/Lieut. A. N., [133]
- West-Thompson, 2/Lieut. M., [66], [69], [133], [137]
- Whitehead, Capt. L. E., [133], [135]
- — Lieut. A. D., [31], [133], [135]
- Whiting, Lieut. J. O., [70], [133], [137]
- Whitney, Lieut. R. K., [115], [133], [137]
- Wilde, 2/Lieut. R. C. R., [133]
- Williams, Fleming, [106]
- — Lieut. C., [133], [135]
- — Lieut. G., [3]
- — 2/Lieut. V. F., [133], [135]
- Winslow, 2/Lieut. J., [133]
- Wireless interception, work of 60 Squadron, [57–62]
- Wotan line, [123]
- Wright, Lieut. C. O., [133]
- Young, Lieut. G. C., [45], [70], [133]
- Ypres Sector, [65];
- desolation of, [85]
PRINTED BY
HAZELL, WATSON AND VINEY, LD.,
LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
Transcribers’ Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; occasional unbalanced quotation marks retained.
Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained.
[Index] not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.
Page [xviii]: The five illustrations listed as being on pages 100, 112, and 118 were missing from this book.
Page [50]: “had be to” was printed that way.
Page [125]: For clarity, Transcriber added a colon after “One form of hare-hunting became very popular”.
Page [126] (comments about map): Some “3”s and “8”s were indistinguishable.
Page [133]: “Lieut. E. A. Sullock, A.F.C.” may be “Sulleck”.
[Footnotes], originally at the bottoms of pages, have been renumbered, collected, and positioned just before the Index.
The [Index] references to footnotes have been renumbered to match the renumbering of the eBook’s footnotes. All "return" footnote links go back to the page on which they first appeared, not back to the Index.