CHAPTER XIV

THE NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THE EAST INDIES, 1778-1783. THE CAREER OF THE BAILLI DE SUFFREN

Isolation characteristic of Military and Naval Operations in India [234]

Occurrences in 1778 [234]

Sir Edward Hughes sent to India with a Fleet, 1779 [235]

The Years prior to 1781 Uneventful [235]

A British Squadron under Commodore Johnstone sent in 1781 to seize Cape of Good Hope [236]

A Week Later, a French Squadron under Suffren sails for India [236]

Suffren finds Johnstone Anchored in Porto Praya, and attacks at once [237]

The immediate Result Indecisive, but the Cape of Good Hope is saved by Suffren arriving first [238]

Suffren reaches Mauritius, and the French Squadron sails for India under Comte d'Orves [239]

D'Orves dies, leaving Suffren in Command [240]

Trincomalee, in Ceylon, captured by Hughes [240]

First Engagement between Hughes and Suffren, February 17, 1782 [240]

Second Engagement, April 12 [242]

Third Engagement, July 6 [244]

Suffren captures Trincomalee [247]

Hughes arrives, but too late to save the place [247]

Fourth Engagement between Hughes and Suffren, September 3 [248]

Having lost Trincomalee, Hughes on the change of monsoon is compelled to go to Bombay [251]

Reinforced there by Bickerton [251]

Suffren winters in Sumatra, but regains Trincomalee before Hughes returns. Also receives Reinforcements [251]

The British Besiege Cuddalore [252]

Suffren Relieves the Place [253]

Fifth Engagement between Hughes and Suffren, June 20, 1783 [253]

Comparison between Hughes and Suffren [254]

News of the Peace being received, June 29, Hostilities in India cease [255]

Glossary of Nautical and Naval Terms used in this Book [257]

Index [267]

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Remains of the Revenge, one of Benedict Arnold's Schooners on Lake Champlain in 1776. Now in Fort Ticonderoga. [Frontispiece]

Major-General Philip Schuyler [12]

Edward Pellew, afterwards Admiral, Lord Exmouth [12]

Benedict Arnold [27]

Attack on Fort Moultrie in 1776 [33]

Richard, Earl Howe [78]

Charles Henri, Comte d'Estaing [78]

Admiral, the Honourable Samuel Barrington [104]

Comte de Guichen [144]

George Brydges, Lord Rodney [144]

François-Joseph-Paul, Comte de Grasse, Marquis de Tilly [204]

Admiral, Lord Hood [204]

Sir Edward Hughes, K.B. [254]

Pierre André de Suffren de Saint Tropez [254]

LIST OF MAPS

Lake Champlain and Connected Waters [8]

New York and New Jersey: to illustrate Operations of 1776, 1777, and 1778 [40]

Narragansett Bay [70]

Leeward Islands (West Indies) Station [99]

Island of Santa Lucia [101]

Island of Martinique [164]

Peninsula of India, and Ceylon [234]

North Atlantic Ocean. General Map to illustrate Operations in the War of American Independence [280]

LIST OF BATTLE-PLANS

D'Orvilliers and Keppel, off Ushant, July 27, 1778

Figure 1 [86]

Figures 2 and 3 [90]

D'Estaing and Byron, July 6, 1779 [106]

Rodney and De Guichen, April 17, 1780, Figures 1 and 2 [132]

Rodney and De Guichen, May 15, 1780 [143]

Cornwallis and De Ternay, June 20, 1780 [156]

Arbuthnot and Des Touches, March 16, 1781 [172]

Graves and De Grasse, September 5, 1781 [180]

Hood and De Grasse, January 25, 1782, Figures 1 and 2 [201]

Hood and De Grasse, January 26, 1782, Figure 3 [203]

Rodney and De Grasse, April 9 and 12, 1782

Figures 1 and 2 [210]

Figure 3 [212]

Figures 4 and 5 [215]

Figure 6 [218]

Johnstone and Suffren, Porto Praya, April 16, 1781 [237]

Hughes and Suffren, February 17, 1782 [240]

Hughes and Suffren, April 12, 1782 [243]

Hughes and Suffren, July 6, 1782 [243]

Hughes and Suffren, September 3, 1782 [249]