FOOTNOTES:
[48] For notes on the following persons and places mentioned in this chapter, see Croghan’s Journals, volume i of our series: Yellow Creek, note 93; Kanawha River, note 101. A. Michaux’s Travels, volume iii of our series: Wheeling, note 15; Marietta, note 16. F. A. Michaux’s Travels, volume iii of our series: Pennsylvania-Virginia boundary line, note 31; Gallipolis, note 34. Harris’s Journal, volume iii of our series: Putnam, note 1. Cuming’s Tour, volume iv of our series: Georgetown, note 59; Steubenville, note 67; Wellsburg, note 67; Grave Creek, note 78.—Ed.
[49] As early as 1786 a few pioneers had established themselves at the mouth of Indian Short Creek; but in 1805 the town was surveyed, a public sale of lots held, and the name Warren given to it.—Ed.
[50] It is interesting to note that, according to the Moravian missionary John Heckewelder, the Ohio River received its name from the white caps which often made canoe-travelling temporarily impossible. When it was covered with white caps the Indians would say “Kitschi ohio-peekhaune,” which means “verily this is a deep white river.” See “Names which the Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians ... had given to Rivers, Streams, etc.,” in American Philosophical Society Transactions, new series, iv, pp. 369, 370. The commonly accepted derivation, that given by La Salle and the early French explorers, is that “Ohio” is an Iroquois word, meaning “beautiful river.”—Ed.
[51] The Cumberland National Road was completed to the Ohio (Wheeling, West Virginia) in this year (1818).—Ed.
[52] Being a national highway no tolls were originally levied on the Cumberland Road; this being, however, a most logical method of raising money for the necessary repairs, the road was ceded to the states through which it ran (1830-35), and the latter erected toll-gates and levied tolls.—Ed.
[53] See list of Americanisms, post, pp. 289-290; also Croghan’s Journals, volume i of our series, note 96.—Ed.
[54] Letart’s Rapids, at a bend in the Ohio about twenty-five miles above Gallipolis, are but a slight hindrance to navigation. See Thwaites, On the Storied Ohio, pp. 113-117, for a recent description.—Ed.