A.
A. , abbreviation of the praenomen Aulus.
ā, ab, abs (ā only before consonants or h, ab before vowels and consonants, abs usually only before t and q, especially frequent before te), prep. with abl., 1, of place, from, away from, out of; 2, of time, from, since, after; 3, of agency, by; 4, of separation, source, cause, from, through, because of.
abdūcō, see dūcō.
abeō, see eō.
aboleō, ēre, ēvī, itus [ab + oleō], to destroy, abolish, wipe out.
abrogō, see rogō.
absēns, sentis [orig. part. of absum], adj., absent, away.
absimilis, e [ab + similis], adj., unlike.
abstineō, see teneō.
absum, see sum.
abundantia, ae [abundō, to overflow; ab + unda], f., plenty, fullness, abundance.
ac, see atque.
accēdō, see cēdō.
accidō, see cadō.
accipiō, see capiō.
acclāmō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + clāmō, to shout], to shout loudly, exclaim.
ācer, ācris, ācre, comp. ācrior, sup. ācerrimus, adj., sharp, bitter; keen, vigorous, fierce.
acerbē [acerbus], adv., bitterly, cruelly, severely.
acerbitās, ātis [acerbus], f., harshness, severity, unkindness.
acerbus, a, um, adj., bitter, harsh, cruel.
Achaea, ae, f., a district in the Peloponnesus. Later the Roman province of Southern Greece.
Achillēs, is, m., a famous Greek chief at the siege of Troy, slain by Paris, the hero of the Iliad.
Achilleus, ī, m., he assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, and reigned over Egypt for some time. He was taken prisoner by Diocletian, and was put to death, 296 A.D.
aciēs, ēī, f., the sharp point of a sword; battle line; battle.
Acilius, ī, m., see Glabriō.
Actium, ī, n., a town in Epirus; a promontory near the town.
āctuārius, ī, m., a secretary, shorthand writer.
āctus, a, um, see agō.
ad, prep. with accus., 1, of place, to, towards, to the house of, at, near; 2, of time, up to, towards, until, at; 3, of purpose, to, in order to, for, for the sake of.
addō, see dō.
addūcō, see dūcō.
adēmī, ademptus, see adimō.
adeō [ad + eō, adv.], adv., to this point, so, very, to such a degree.
adeptus, see adipīscor.
adfectātor, ōris [adfectō], m., one that strives for.
adfectō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + fectō, freq. of faciō], to strive after, aspire to.
adferō, see ferō.
adficiō, see faciō.
adfīnitās, ātis [ad + fīnis], f., relationship (by marriage).
adflīgō, see *flīgō.
Adherbal, alis, m., a Numidian prince, son of Macipsa, slain by Jugurtha.
adhortor, ārī, ātus sum [ad + hortor, to urge], to encourage, exhort, stimulate, urge.
adhūc [ad + hūc], adv., up to this time or place; still, although, yet.
Adiabēnī, ōrum, pl. m., the Adiabeni, a people living in the northern part of ancient Assyria.
Adiabēnicus, a, um, adj., a cognomen of the emperor Severus, a conqueror of the Adiabeni.
adimō, see emō.
adipīscor, ī, adeptus sum [ad + apīscor, to gain], to get, obtain, reach.
adicio, see *iaciō.
adiungo, see iungō.
adiūtor, ōris [adiūvō, to assist], m., a helper, assistant, confederate.
administrātiō, ōnis [administrō], f., management, government.
administrō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + ministrō, to manage], to manage, govern, regulate, carry on (war).
admīrātiō, ōnis [admīror], f., admiration, wonderment, astonishment.
admīror, see mīror.
admittō, see mittō.
admodum [ad + modus], adv., up to the full limit, very, exceedingly.
adnītor, see nītor.
adnotō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + notō, to mark], to observe, remark.
adoleō, ēre, uī [ad + oleō, to emit a smell], to turn to vapor, burn.
adoptiō, ōnīs [adoptō], f., adoption.
adoptō, see optō.
adōrō, see ōrō.
adrigō, see regō.
adsentor, see sentiō.
adserō, see *serō.
adsertor, ōris [adserō], m., a claimant.
adsessor, ōris [adsideō, to sit by], m., an assistant, aid; legal adviser.
adspiciō, see *speciō.
adsurgo, ere, surrēxī, surrēctus [ad + surgō (sub + regō), to rise], to rise, arise.
adulēscēns, entis [adolēscō, to grow up], m., young; as substantive, a young man.
adventō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + ventō, intens. of veniō], to arrive.
adventus, ūs [adveniō, to arrive], m., arrival.
adversus, a, um [advertō, to turn to], adj., turned to or towards; opposed to, adverse.
adversus and adversum, prep. with accus., facing, in opposition to, against.
advocātus, ī [advocō, to call to aid], m., a pleader, advocate; aider, helper.
advolō, āre, āvī, ātus [ad + volō, to fly], to fly to, hurry on, rush.
aedificō, āre, āvī, ātus [aedis + faciō], to build.
aedīlīcius, ī [aedīlis, aedile, a Roman magistrate], m., one who has been an aedile.
aeger, gra, grum, adj., sick, feeble.
aegrē [aeger], adv., with difficulty, scarcely.
aegritūdō, inis [aeger], f., sickness, grief, vexation, mortification.
aegrōtō, āre, āvī [aeger], to be sick, languid, pine.
Aegyptus, ī, m., Egypt.
Aeliānus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.
Aelius, ī, m., see Hadriānus.
Aemiliānus, ī, m., the governor of Pannonia and Moesia in the reign of Gallus, Roman emperor, 253 A.D.
Aemilius, ī, m, the name of a Roman gens. 1. Lūcius Aemilius, consul 224 B.C. 2. Mārcus Aemilius (Mamercus), dictator. See Lepidus, Paulus.
aemula, ae [aemulus], f., a rival.
aemulor, ārī, ātus sum [aemulus], to rival, vie with, emulate.
aemulus, a, um, adj., striving earnestly after, emulating, rivaling; envious.
aēneüs, a, um [aes, copper], adj., of copper, bronze.
aequālis, e [aequus], adj., equal, like; as subst., a companion.
Aequī, ōrum, pl. m., the Aequi, a people dwelling in the upper valley of the Aniō, in the mountains forming the eastern boundary of Latium.
aequitās, ātis [aequus], f., evenness, fairness, justice.
aequō, āre, āvī, ātus [aequus], to make even, place on an equality.
aequus, a, um, adj., even, level; fair, just; aequō animō, impartially.
aerārium, ī [aes, copper], n., treasury, fund.
aestās, ātis, f., summer.
aetās, ātis, f., time of life, life; old age; period of time, time.
Aetōlī, ōrum, pl. m., the Aetolians, inhabitants of Aetolia, a division of Greece.
aevum, ī, n., period of life, life, age.
Āfer, Āfrī, m., an African, especially an inhabitant of Carthage.
Āfranius, ī, m., L. Afranius, a general of Pompey in Spain, killed in Africa, 46 B.C.
Āfrica, ae, f., Africa; often the northern part of the continent, especially the part near Carthage.
Āfricānus, ī, m., see Scīpiō.
ager, agrī, m., field, farm, estate; territory, land; the country.
aggredior, see *gradior.
āgnōscō, see nōscō.
agō, agere, ēgī, āctus, to set in motion, drive, lead; act, do, perform; treat, deal; spend, pass time; grātiās agere, to give thanks. con—cōgō, ere, coēgī, coāctus, to drive together, collect; force. ex—exigō, ere, ēgī, āctus, to drive out; complete; pass, end. re—redigō, ere, ēgī, āctus, to drive back; reduce; render, bring. sub—subigō, ere, ēgī, āctus, to drive under, put down, conquer. trāns—trānsigō, ere, ēgī, āctus, to carry through, finish, settle, perform.
agrestis, e [ager], adj., of the fields, rustic; as subst., countryman.
Agrigentum, ī, n., a Greek colony in Sicily.
Agrippa, ae, m., M. (Vīpsānius) Agrippa, son-in-law of Atticus, minister of Augustus.
Agrippīna, ae, f., a city in Belgic Gaul.
āla, ae, f., a wing, flank.
Alamannī, ōrum, pl. m., the Alamanni, a name applied to a confederacy of German tribes living between the Danube, the Rhine, and the Main.
Albānī, ōrum, pl. m., the Albānī, the inhabitants of Alba Longa in Latium; the inhabitants of Albania west of the Caspian Sea.
Albīnus, ī, m., a family name at Rome. 1. Clōdius Albīnus, governor of Britain at the death of Commodus. He revolted, and was defeated and slain by Septimius Sevērus at Lugdūnum, 197 A.D. 2. Sp. Postumius (Albīnus), consul 344 and 321 B.C. 3. Aulus Postumius Albinus, consul 242 B.C. 4. L. Postumius Albīnus, consul 234 and 229 B.C. 5. Sp. Postumius Albinus, consul 186 B.C. 6. Sp. Postumius Albīnus, consul 110 B.C.
Albis, is, m., the river Elbe in Germany.
Alexander, drī, m., Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, the conqueror of Persia; B.C. 356-323.
Alexander, drī, m., see Aurēlius.
Alexandrīa, ae, f., a city in Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, founded by Alexander the Great, 331 B.C.
Alexandrīnus, a, um, adj., Alexandrine, pertaining to Alexandrīa.
Algidus, ī, m., a mountain in Latium.
aliās [alius], adv., at another time, under other circumstances.
aliēnus, a, um [alius], adj., belonging to another, another’s.
aliquamdiū [aliquis + diū], adv., for a while, for some time.
aliquantus, a, um, adj., some, considerable.
aliquī, quae, quod [alius + quī], indef. pron. adj., some one or other, some, any.
aliquis, qua, quid [alius + quis], indef. pron., some one, something; any one, anything; some; as subst., aliquid, n., something, anything.
aliquot [alius + quot], indef. indecl. adj., some, several.
alius, alia, aliud, adj., another, other, different, else; alius … alius, one … one, another … another; pl., some … others; longē aliam (aliō) atque, very different from.
Allectus, ī, m., the chief officer of Carausius in Britain.
Allia, ae, f., a small river flowing into the Tiber from the east about 11 miles north of Rome.
Alma, ae, f., a mountain in Pannonia.
Alpēs, ium, f., the Alps.
alter, altera, alterum, pron. adj., one of two, the other, the second; alter … alter, the one … the other.
Altīnum, ī, n., a town of the Veneti in the north of Italy at the mouth of the river Silis.
altitūdō, inis [altus, high], f., height, depth.
amābilis, e [amō, to love], adj., worthy of love, lovely, amiable.
Amandus, ī, m., a leader of an insurrection during the reign of Diocletian.
ambō, ae, ō, adj., both.
Ambrōnēs, um, pl. m., a Celtic people defeated by Marius near Aquae Sextiae in 102 B.C.
amīcitia, ae [amīcus], f., friendship.
amīcus, a, um [amō, to love], adj., friendly; as subst., amīcus, ī, m., a friend.
Amīsus, I, Gr. acc. Amīson, f., a coast city of Pontus, the residence of Mithradates the Great.
āmittō, see mittō.
amnis, is, m., river, torrent, stream.
amoenitās, ātis [amoenus], f., pleasantness, agreeableness.
amoenus, a, um [amō, to love], adj., pleasing, charming.
amor, ōris [amō, to love], m., love; a beloved object, one’s love.
amphitheātrum, ī, n., amphitheater.
amplē [amplus], adv., largely.
amplificō, āre, āvī, ātus [amplus + faciō], to increase, enlarge.
ampliō, āre, āvī, ātus [amplus], to enlarge, magnify.
amplius [amplus], comp. of amplē, more, further.
amplus, a, um, adj., great, large; noble, distinguished.
ancilla, ae, f., a maid-slave, maid.
Ancus, ī, m., see Mārcius.
Andriscus, ī, m., a Persian who pretended to be the natural son of Perseus and assumed the name of Philip.
angustia, ae [angustus, narrow], f., narrowness; pl., narrow places, a pass.
Anicius, ī, m., C. Anicius, praetor in the Third Macedonian war, 176-168 B.C.
Aniēn, ēnis or Aniō, ōnis, m., a small tributary of the Tiber.
animus, ī, m., soul, mind; disposition, feelings; courage, spirit.
Annius, ī, m., see Antōnīnus.
annus, ī, m., a year.
annuus, a, um [annus], adj., annual; lasting a year.
ante, adv., of space, before, in front of; of time, before, previously, ago; prep. with accus., both of space and time, in front of, before.
anteā [ante], adv., before, formerly.
Antemnātēs, um, pl. m., the inhabitants of Antemnae, a Sabine town at the junction of the Anio and the Tiber.
Anthemūsia, ae, f., a province of Mesopotamia.
Antiochēnsēs, ium, m., the inhabitants of Antioch.
Antiochīa, ae, f., the capital city of Syria on the river Orontes.
Antiochus, ī, m., kings of Syria. 1. Antiochus II., called Theos, 261-246 B.C. 2. Antiochus III., called the Great, 223-187 B.C. 3. Antiochus IV., called Epiphanes, 175-164 B.C.
antīquus, a, um [ante], adj., old, belonging to a former time.
Antōnīniānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Antonines.
Antōnīnus, ī, m., the name of a dynasty of Roman emperors. 1. T. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Fulvius Bōiōnius Pius, 138-161 A.D. 2. M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-180 A.D. 3. L. Annius Antōnīnus Vērus, 161-169 A.D. 4. L. Antōnīnus Commodus, 180-193 A.D. 5. M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus Bassānius Caracalla, 211-217 A.D. 6. M. Aurēlius Antōnīnus, Heliogabalus, 218-222 A.D.
Antōnius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. 1. C. Antōnius, consul 63 B.C. 2. L. Antōnius, consul 41 B.C. 3. M. Antōnius, the friend of Caesar and member of the Second Triumvirate, consul 44 B.C.
Anullīnus, ī, m., a Roman senator.
ānulus, ī [dim. of ānus, a circle], m., a ring.
Aper, prī, m., Arrius Aper, praetorian praefect. He was put to death by Diocletian, 284 A.D.
āperiō, see *pariō.
Apollonia, ae, f., a city of Thrace on the Pontus Euxinus.
Apollōnius, ī, m., Apollōnius Chalcēdonius, called Dyscolus, “the ill-tempered.” A rhetorician.
apoplēxis, is, f., apoplexy.
apparātus, ūs, m., equipment, preparation; splendor, pomp.
appareō, see pareō.
appellō, see pellō.
appetō, see petō.
Appiōn, ōnis, m., Appiōn Ptolemaeus, king of Cyrene, 117-96 B.C.
Appius, ī, m., a praenomen especially common in the Claudian gens.
Appius, a, um, adj., Appian; especially the via Appia, the famous road built by Appius Claudius the Censor, 312 B.C.
appōnō, see pōnō.
apprīmē [prīmus], adv., most of all.
apud, prep. with acc., of place, near; of persons, with, among, in the presence of, at the house of; with the name of an author, in the works of.
Āpūlia, ae, f., a district in the southeastern part of Italy.
aqua, ae, f., water.
Aquilēia, ae, f., a city in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.
Aquīlius, ī, m., see Flōrus.
Aquītānia, ae, f., a province of Gaul between the Garonne and the Pyrenees.
Arabēs, ūm, pl. m., the inhabitants of Arabia.
Arabia, ae, f., Arabia.
Arabicus, a, um, adj., belonging to or pertaining to Arabia, cognomen of Septimius Severus.
arbitrium, ī [arbiter, judge], n., judgment; will; power.
*arceō, ēre, uī, —, to inclose; prohibit. con—coërceō, ēre, uī, itus, to shut in; restrain, check. ex—exerceō, ēre, uī, itus, to exercise, drill.
Archelāus, ī, m., (1) a distinguished general of Mithradates. (2) Called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 36 B.C.-14 A.D.
Ardea, ae, f., the capital city of the Rutuli, in Latium, about eighteen miles south of Rome.
ārdeō, ēre, ārsī, ārsus, to be hot, burn; be eager, excited.
argenteus, a, um [argentum], adj., of silver.
Argentorātum, ī, n., a city in Belgic Gaul.
argentum, ī, n., silver; money.
Argī, ōrum, pl. m., the city of Argos in the eastern part of the Peloponnesus.
Ariarātus, ī, m., called Cappadox, king of Cappadocia, 220-162 B.C.
Arīminum, ī, n., a town in northern Italy on the Adriatic Sea.
Ariobarzēnēs, is, m., king of Cappadocia, 93-63 B.C.
Aristarchus, ī, m., made king of Colchis by Pompey.
Aristō, ōnis, m., an Athenian philosopher who surrendered Athens to Mithradates, 87 B.C.
Aristobūlus, ī, m., king of Judea, taken captive by Pompey, 63 B.C.
Aristonīcus, ī, m., a natural son of Eumenes II., king of Pergamus.
arma, ōrum, pl. n., weapons; warfare.
Armenēs, is, m., son of Nabis, a tyrant of Sparta.
Armenia, ae, f., a country of Asia southeast of the Black Sea. Armenia Minor, the portion west of the Euphrates.
Armeniacus, a, um, adj., pertaining to or belonging to Armenia.
Armeniī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Armenia.
armō, āre, āvī, ātus [arma], to arm, equip; ārmatī, armed men, soldiers.
Armoricum, ī, n., the northern part of Celtic Gaul.
arō, āre, āvī, ātus, to plow.
ars, artis, f., skill, art, knowledge.
ārsī, see ārdeō.
Artacēs, is, m., a king of Hiberia, conquered by Pompey.
Artaxata, ae, f., the capital city of Armenia Māior.
Ārūns, ūntis, m., the son of Tarquinius Superbus.
Arvernī, ōrum, pl. m., an important tribe of Celtic Gaul.
Arzanēna, ae, f., a district of Armenia Maior, bounded on the south by the Tigris.
ascendō, see *scandō.
Asclēpiodotus, ī, m., a praetorian praefect during the reign of Diocletian.
Asia, ae, f., Asia; Asia Minor.
Asiāgenēs, is, m., a Greek term for the Latin Asiāticus; cognomen of L. Cornēlius Scīpiō, conqueror of Antiochus.
Asina, ae, m. (1) Cn. Cornēlius Asina, consul 260 B.C. (2) P. Cornēlius (Asina), consul 218 B.C.
Asinius, ī, m., Hierius Asinius, leader of the Marsi in the Marsic war, 90 B.C.
asper, aspera, asperum, adj., rough, bitter; violent, severe.
asperitās, ātis [asper], f., roughness, harshness.
aspis, idis, f., an asp, viper.
assiduus, a, um [adsideō, to sit by or near], adj., continually present, busied; diligent, persistent, faithful; continual, unceasing, unremitting.
Assyria, ae, f., a division of Asia between Media, Mesopotamia, and Babylon.
Ātella, ae, f., a small town in Campania.
Athēnae, ārum, pl. f., Athens, the chief city of Attica.
Athēniēnsis, e, adj., Athenian.
Atīlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Bulcus, Rēgulus.
atque, ac (the latter used only before consonants), conj., and, and especially, and even; than, as; simul ac, as soon as; idem ac, the same as; alius ac, other than; contrā atque, differently from what.
atrōx, ōcis, adj., savage, fierce, cruel, terrible.
Attalus, ī, m., kings of Pergamus. 1. Attalus I., 241-197 B.C. 2. Attalus Philadelphus, 159-138 B.C. 3. Attalus Philometor, 138-133 B.C.
Attalus, ī, m., king of Paphlagonia.
atterō, ere, trīvī, trītus [ad + terō, to rub], to rub against, rub away, wear; destroy, waste.
attingō, see *tangō.
attrītus, see atterō.
attulī, see adferō.
auctor, ōris [augeō], m., producer, originator, cause.
auctōritās, ātis [auctor], f., authority, power; influence, weight, dignity.
auctus, a, um, see augeō.
audāx, ācis [audeō], adj., bold, daring, audacious.
audeō, ēre, ausus sum, to dare, attempt.
audiō, īre, īvī, ītus, to hear, hear of, listen to. ob—oboediō, īre, īvī, ītus, to give ear to, hearken, listen; yield.
audītōrium, ī [audiō], n., a lecture hall.
auferō, see ferō.
Aufidius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Orestēs.
augeō, ēre, auxī, auctus, to increase, spread; praise, honor; enrich.
Augustus, ī, m., a title of honor given to Octavianus in 27 B.C., and after him to all the Roman emperors.
Aureliānus, ī, m., Lucius Domitius Aureliānus, Roman emperor, 270-275 A.D.
Aurēlius, a, um, adj., Aurelian; esp. via Aurēlia, the Aurelian road.
Aurēlius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. Aurēlius Alexander, Roman emperor, 222-235 A.D. See Antōnīnus, Cotta.
aureus, a, um [aurum], adj., golden, of gold; embroidered with gold.
Aureus mōns, m., a mountain in Upper Moesia.
aurum, ī, n., gold.
Aurunculēius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Cotta.
auspicium, ī [avis + *speciō], n., divination by watching the flight, or noting the cries, of birds; an omen; auspices.
ausus, see audeō.
aut, conj., or; aut … aut, either … or.
autem, conj., always postpositive, but, however, moreover.
auxilium, ī [augeō], n., help, aid; pl., auxiliary troops (usually foreign and light armed).
avārē [avārus, greedy], adv., greedily.
avāritia, ae [avārus, greedy], f., greed, avarice.
Aventīnus, ī, m. (sc. mōns), the Aventine, one of the seven hills of Rome.
āvertō, see *vertō.
avidus, a, um, adj., comp. avidior, desirous, eager, greedy.
avis, is, f., bird.
avunculus, ī [dim. of avus], m., mother’s brother, uncle.
avus, ī, m., grandfather, ancestor.