P.
P., abbreviation of the praenomen Publius.
pācō, āre, āvī, ātus [pāx], to pacify, make peaceful.
Pacorus, ī, m., son of Orodes I., king of Parthia.
Paelīgnī, ōrum, pl. m., a Sabine people dwelling in central Italy.
paene, adv., almost, nearly.
Palaeopharsālus, ī, f., a city in Thessaly where Caesar defeated Pompey 48 B.C. It is generally written Pharsalus.
Palaestīna, ae, f., Palestine.
palam, adv., openly, publicly.
Palātīnus, ī (sc. mōns), adj., the Palatine Hill.
Palātium, ī, n., the Palatine Hill; the imperial palace, which was on the hill.
pallium, ī, n., a Grecian cloak, mantle.
palūs, ūdis, f., a marsh, fen.
Pamphȳlia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.
Pannonia, ae, f., one of the most important provinces of Rome, lying between the Danube and the Alps.
Pannonicus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Pannonia.
Pannoniī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Pannonia.
Pānsa, ae, m., (C. Vibius) Pānsa, consul 43 B.C.
Panticapaeum, ī, n., a city in the modern Crimea.
Paphlagōn, onis, m., a Paphlagonian.
Paphlagonia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.
Papirius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Carbō, Cursor.
parēns, entis [pariō], m. and f., a father or mother, parent; relative (late).
pāreō, ēre, uī, —, to appear; obey, serve. ad—appāreō, ēre, uī, —, to become visible, appear; serve. con—compāreō, ēre, uī, —, to appear, show one’s self.
*pariō, ere, peperī, partus, to give birth to, bring forth. ab—āperiō, īre, uī, tus, to uncover, bare; open, disclose. con—comperiō, īre, perī, pertus, to find out, learn. re—reperiō, īre, repperī, repertus, to find (again), meet with, discover.
parō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready, prepare; resolve, plan; get, acquire. con—comparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready, prepare; obtain, procure. prae—praeparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to make ready beforehand, provide. re—reparō, āre, āvī, ātus, to renew.
parricīdium, ī [pater + caedō], n., murder of a father, parricide.
pars, partis, f., a part, number; district; side, direction; party, faction.
Parthenius, ī, m., the slayer of Domitian.
Parthenopolis, is, f., a city in Lower Moesia on the Black Sea.
Parthī, ōrum, pl. m., a Scythian people southeast of the Caspian Sea.
Parthicus, a, um, adj., belonging to Parthia, cognomen of Septimius Sevērus.
Parthomasīris, is, m., king of Armenia.
partim [pars], adv., partly.
partus, ūs [pariō], m., a bringing forth, delivery, birth; progeny.
parum, adv., too little, not enough; comp., minus, less, by no means, not; sup., minime, least of all, by no means, not at all; as a subst., parum, indecl. n., too little, not enough.
parvus, a, um, adj., little, small; comp., minor, smaller, less; younger (sc. nātū); sup., minimus, smallest, least.
pāscō, ere, pāvī, pāstus, to feed; of animals, to graze, browse.
passus, ūs [passus from pandō, to spread], m., a step, pace; mīlle passuum, pl. mīlia passuum, a Roman mile ＝ 4854 English feet.
patefaciō, ere, fēcī, factus [pateō + faciō], to lay open, disclose, bring to light.
pateō, ēre, uī, —, to be open, extend, be manifest.
pater, tris, m., a father, ancestor.
paternus, a, um [pater], adj., fatherly, of a father.
patior, patī, passus sum, to suffer, bear, endure; experience; allow, permit. per—perpetior, ī, pessus sum, to endure, be patient under.
patria, ae [pater], f., fatherland, country, home.
patrimōnium, ī [pater], n., inheritance, patrimony, property.
patrō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry out, perform, execute.
patruēlis, e [patruus], adj., of a father’s brother, child of a father’s brother; as subst., a cousin.
patruus, ī [pater] m., of a father’s brother, paternal uncle.
paucus, a, um, adj., few, little.
paulisper [paulum, by a little], adv., a short time.
paulus, a, um, adj., little, small; as subst., paulum, ī, n., a little, trifle; abl., paulō, by a little.
Paulus, ī, m., the name of a Roman family. 1. L. Aemilius Paulus, consul 216 B.C. 2. L. Aemilius Paulus, surnamed Macedonicus, consul 168 B.C. 3. M. Aemilius Paulus, consul 255 B.C.
pauper, eris, adj., poor.
pāx, pācis, f., peace.
pectus, oris, n., the breast.
pecūnia, ae [pecus, cattle], f., money.
pedes, itis [pēs], m., a foot soldier, infantry.
pellō, ere, pepulī, pulsus, to drive out or away, expel; defeat, rout. ad—appellō, āre, āvī, ātus, to call, address, name; appeal to; accuse. con—compellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to drive together, collect; force, compel. ex—expellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to drive out or away, expel, dislodge. in—impellō, ere, pulī, pulsus, to urge on, incite, impel.
pendeō, ēre, pependī, —, to hang, be suspended; rest, depend.
penetrō, āre, āvī, ātus [penitus], to enter, penetrate.
penitus, adv., inwardly, within; deeply, completely.
per, prep. with acc. (1) of place, through, across, over, throughout; (2) of time, through, during; (3) of means or agency, by means of, by the agency of, through.
percussor, ōris [percutiō], m., a stabber, murderer.
percutiō, ere, cussī, cussus [per + quatiō, to shake], to thrust through, strike, kill.
perdō, see dō.
perdomō, see domō.
pereō, see eō.
perferō, see ferō.
perficiō, see faciō.
perfidia, ae [perfidus, faithless], f., treachery.
perfuga, ae [perfugiō, to flee for refuge], m., a fugitive, deserter, refuge.
Pergamum, ī, n., a city in Mysia in Asia Minor.
pergō, see regō.
perīculum, ī, n., trial; danger, peril.
perimō, see emō.
perinde [per + inde], adv., in the same manner, just as, equally.
perītus, a, um, adj., skillful, experienced, familiar with.
permaneō, see maneō.
permittō, see mittō.
permūtātiō, ōnis [permūtō, to change], f., change, exchange.
perniciēs, ēī [per + nex], f., destruction, ruin.
perniciōsē [perniciōsus], adv., dangerously, destructively.
perniciōsus, a, um [perniciēs], adj., dangerous, destructive.
Perperna, ae, m., (M.) Perperna, consul 130 B.C.
perpetior, see patior.
perpetuus, a, um, adj., continuous, uninterrupted; in perpetuum, forever.
Persae, ārum, pl. m., the Persians.
persequor, see sequor.
Perseus, eī, m., the last king of Macedonia, 178-168 B.C.
persevērō, āre, āvī, ātus, to persist, persevere.
Persis, idis, f., Persia.
Pertināx, ācis, m., (Helvius) Pertināx, Roman emperor from January 1 to March 28, 193 A.D.
Perusia, ae, f., an ancient town in Etruria in Italy.
perveniō, see veniō.
pēs, pedis, m., a foot, pedem referre, to retreat.
Pescennius, ī, m., see Niger.
pestilentia, ae [pestis, plague], f., a pestilence, plague.
petō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to strive for, seek; beg, ask, request; assail, attack. ad—appetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to strive for, reach after; assail, attack; long for, desire; draw nigh, approach, be at hand. re—repetō, ere, īvī (iī), ītus, to seek again, try to get back, demand back; recall, repeat; attack.
Petrēius, ī, m., M. Petrēius, a partisan of Pompey; fought against Caesar in Spain, Greece, and Africa.
Petrōnius, ī, m., Petrōnius Secundus, a partisan of Nerva.
Pharnacēs, is, m., Gr. acc. Pharnacēn, the son of Mithradates, who succeeded his father as king of Pontus.
Phasēlis, idis, f., a city of Lycia in Asia Minor.
Philippī, ōrum, pl. m., a city in Macedonia where Brutus and Cassius were defeated by Octavian 44 B.C.
Philippus, ī, m., 1. Philip V., king of Macedonia 220-178 B.C. 2. (M. Iūlius) Philippus I., Roman emperor 244-249 A.D. 3. (M. Iūlius) Philippus II., son of (2). 4. L. Mārcius Philippus, consul 91 B.C. 5. Q. Mārcius Philippus, consul 186 B.C.
philosophia, ae, f., philosophy.
philosophus, ī, m., a philosopher.
Phoenīcē, ēs, f., Phoenicia, a country of Syria.
Phrygia, ae, f., a division of Asia Minor.
Pīcentēs, ium, pl. m., the inhabitants of Picenum.
Pīcēnum, ī, n., a division of Italy on the Adriatic Sea, north of Latium.
pīlum, ī, n., a heavy javelin; pike.
pingō, ere, pīnxī, pīctus, to paint; represent, delineate, portray.
Pīraeus, ī, m., the chief harbor of Athens.
pīrāta, ae, m., a pirate.
pīrāticus, a, um [pīrāta], adj., pertaining to pirates, piratical; Pīrāticum bellum, war against the pirates.
piscis, is, f., a fish.
piscor, ārī, ātus sum [piscis], to fish.
pius, a, um, adj., reverent, pious.
placeō, ēre, uī, —, to please, be agreeable to; seem best to; impers., placet, placuit, placitum est, to be resolved by. dis—displiceō, ēre, uī, —, to displease.
placidus, a, um, [placō, to soothe], adj., calm, quiet, tranquil.
Plautius, ī, m., A. Plautius, sent by the emperor Claudius in 43 A.D. to subdue Britain.
plēbs, plēbis, and plēbēs, ēī, f., the common people, populace, plebeians.
plēnus, a, um [pleō], adj., full.
*pleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill. con—compleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill (to the brim); complete. ex—expleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill up, fill. in—impleō, ēre, plēvī, plētus, to fill up, finish.
plērīque, aeque, aque, adj., very many, most.
plērumque, adv., mostly, generally, very often.
Plōtīna, ae, f., the wife of the emperor Trajan.
plūrimus, see multus.
Plūtarchus, ī, m., a Greek philosopher and biographer.
pōculum, ī, n., cup.
poēma, atis, n., a poem.
poena, ae, f., compensation, punishment, penalty.
Poenī, ōrum, pl. m., the Carthaginians.
Polemō, ōnis, m., king of Pontus 39-62 A.D.
Polemōniacus, a, um, adj., belonging to Polemō.
polliceor, ērī, itus sum, to promise, volunteer.
pompa, ae, f., a procession, parade, pomp.
Pompēius, ī, m., 1. Cn. Pompēius, consul 89 B.C. 2. Cn. Pompēius, surnamed Magnus, the triumvir, consul 70 B.C. 3. Cn. Pompēius, son of the triumvir. 4. Q. Pompēius, consul 141 B.C. 5. Sex. Pompēius, younger son of the triumvir.
Pompilius, ī, m., Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome, 715-672 B.C.
pondō [pondus], adv., by weight.
pondus, eris, [pendo, to weigh], n., weight.
pōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put down, place, set, deposit; serve (at meals); spend; set up, build; pitch. ad—appōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put before, place near; serve (at table). con—compōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to arrange, settle; conclude, finish. dē—dēpōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to lay down or aside, put down; stop; arrange, establish. dis—dispōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to arrange, array, dispose. in—impōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to place or put upon or in; establish. prae—praepōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to set over, put in charge of. re—repōnō, ere, posuī, positus, to put back, replace, restore.
pōns, pontis, m., a bridge.
Ponticus, a, um, adj., pertaining to Pontus; Ponticum (mare), the Black Sea.
pontifex, ficis, m., priest.
Pontius, ī, m., see Telesīnus.
Pontus, ī, m., 1. Pontus Euxīnus, the Black Sea. 2. A country of Asia Minor on the Black Sea.
populō, āre, āvī, ātus, to plunder, ravage, lay waste. dē—dēpopulor, ārī, ātus sum, to lay waste, ravage, plunder, pillage.
populus, ī, m., a people, nation.
Porcius, ī, m., the name of a Roman gens. See Catō.
porrō [prō], adv., forward, henceforth, furthermore, again.
Porsenna, ae, m., Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium in Etruria.
porta, ae, f., a city gate, gate.
*portō, āre, āvī, ātus [porta], to bear, carry. ex—exportō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry out, export. re—reportō, āre, āvī, ātus, to carry back, report.
porticus, ūs, f., a colonnade, arcade, portico.
pōscō, ere, poposcī, —, to ask, demand.
possideō, ēre, sēdī, sessus [sedeō], to occupy, hold, possess.
possum, posse, potuī, — [potis, able + sum], to be able, can; plurimum posse, to have great power.
post, (1) adv., after, later, afterwards; (2) prep. with acc., after, behind.
posteā [post + is], adv., afterwards.
posterus, a, um [post], adj., following, next; comp. posterior, us, gen. ōris, later; sup. postrēmus, last, lowest; ad postērum, finally; as subst., posterī, ōrum, pl. m., descendants, posterity.
postquam or post … quam [post + quam], conj., after, when.
postrēmō [posterus], adv., at last, finally.
Postumius, ī, m., see Albīnus.
Postumus, ī, m., (M. Cassiānus) Postumus, one of the Thirty Tyrants.
potēns, entis [possum], adj., powerful.
potestās, ātis [possum], f., power, might; opportunity, permission; authority, sovereignty.
potior, īrī, ītus sum [potis, able], to get possession, acquire.
potius [comp. of potis, able], adv., sup. potissimum; rather, more, sooner.
prae, prep. with abl., before, in front of, in comparison with.
praebeō, see habeō.
praecēdō, see cēdō.
praeceps, cipitis [prae + caput], adj., headlong, hasty; steep, precipitous.
praecipiō, see capiō.
praecipitō, āre, āvī, ātus [praeceps], to throw headlong, cast down; rush down.
praecipuē [praecipuus], adv., chiefly, principally, especially.
praecipuus, a, um [praecipiō], adj., special, particular; eminent, prominent.
praeclārus, a, um [prae + clārus], adj., very bright or brilliant, excellent, distinguished.
praeda, ae, f., booty, spoil, plunder.
praefectūra, ae, f., the office of overseer, superintendence; praefecture.
praefectus, ī, m., overseer, superintendent; praefect.
praeferō, see ferō.
praeficiō, see faciō.
praemium, ī [prae + emō], n., reward, prize.
Praeneste, is, n., a town in Latium east of Rome, modern Palestrina.
Praenestīnī, ōrum, pl. m., the inhabitants of Praeneste.
praeparō, see parō.
praepōnō, see pōnō.
praesēns, entis [praesum], adj., at hand, present.
praeses, sidis [praesideō], m., a protector, guard, defender; president.
praesidium, ī [praesideō], n., help, aid, defense; defensive force, garrison; fort, station, post.
praestō, see stō.
praesum, see sum.
praeter, prep. with acc., past, beyond; contrary to, against; besides, except.
praetereā [praeter + is], adv., in addition to this, besides, moreover.
praetermittō, see mittō.
praetexō, ere, uī, tus [texō, to weave], to provide with a border; toga praetexta, a (purple) bordered toga, worn by magistrates and freeborn children till the sixteenth or seventeenth year, when they became of age and assumed the toga virīlis, which was wholly white; the girls wore the toga praetexta until they married.
praetor, ōris [orig. praeitor, from prae + eō], m., a leader, commander; praetor, magistrate, judge.
praetōriānus, a, um [praetōrium], adj., belonging to the bodyguard; praetorian; as subst., praetōriānī, ōrum, pl. m., the praetorians.
praetōrium, ī, n., the imperial bodyguard.
praetōrius, a, um [praetor], adj., of or belonging to the praetor or commander; as subst., praetōrius, ī, m., a man of praetorian rank, an ex-praetor.
praeveniō, see veniō.
prandium, ī, n., lunch.
prāvus, a, um, adj., crooked, wrong; perverse, wicked.
*prehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to grasp. dē—dēprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to seize, catch; surprise, detect, discover. re—reprehendō, ere, ī, hēnsus, to hold back, check; blame, criticise, reprove.
premō, ere, pressī, pressus, to press; press hard, crush. ob—opprimō, ere, pressī, pressus, to crush utterly, overpower, overwhelm.
pretium, ī, n., price, value; reward, money, ransom.
prīmō [prīmus], adv., at first.
prīmum [prīmus], adv., first.
prīmus, see prior.
prīnceps, cipis [prīmus + capio], adj., first, foremost; as subst. m., leading man, chief, leader.
prīncipātus, ūs [prīnceps], m., a chief authority (in the state); headship, leadership; reign, sovereignty.
prīncipium, ī [prīnceps], n., beginning, origin.
prior, us, gen. priōris, comp. adj., former, previous, first, prior; sup. prīmus, first, foremost.
prīscus, a, um [prius], adj., former, elder; primitive, strict.
Prīscus, ī, m., see Tarquinius.
prīstinus, a, um [prius], adj., former, old.
prius [prior], adv., before, sooner, previously, first of all.
prīvātim [prīvātus], adv., privately, as a single individual.
prīvātus, a, um [prīvō, to set apart], adj., private, individual; as subst., prīvātus, ī, m., a man in private life, a private citizen.
prīvīgna, ae, f., a stepdaughter.
prīvīgnus, ī, m., a stepson.
prō, prep. with abl., in front of, before in behalf of; in comparison with, in accordance with.
probe [probus, estimable], adv., right, well, properly, correctly.
probrōsus, a, um [probrum], adj., shameful, ignominious, infamous.
probrum, ī, m., a shameful act, base deed; immodesty, lewdness; insult, reproach.
Probus, ī, m., (M. Aurēlius) Probus, Roman emperor 276-282 A.D.
prōcēdō, see cēdō.
prōclīvus, a, um [prō + clīvus, slope], adj., sloping, steep; liable, prone; subject, ready.
prōcōnsul, is [prō, in place of + cōnsul], m., a proconsul, governor of a province.
prōcōnsulātus, a, um [prōcōnsul], adj., the office of a proconsul, proconsulate.
procul, adv., at a distance, far from.
Proculus, ī, m., a famous Roman jurist.
prōcumbō, ere, cubuī, cubitus [prō + cumbō, to lie], to lie down, sink, fall forward; fall, sink down, be beaten down.
prōdō, see dō.
prōdūcō, see dūcō.
proelium, ī, n., a battle, combat, engagement.
proficīscor, ī, fectus sum [prō + facīscor, from faciō], to set out, proceed; spring from.
prōflīgō, see *flīgō.
prōfluvium, ī, n., a flowing forth; ventris prōfluvium, diarrhea.
profugiō, see fugiō.
prōgredior, see *gradior.
prōmittō, see mittō.
prōmptus, a, um [prōmō, to set forth], adj., prepared, quick, prompt.
prōnūntiō, see nūntiō.
prōnus, a, um, adj., turned forward, inclined; tendency; disposed, prone.
prōpalam [prō + palam], adv., openly, publicly, manifestly.
prope, adv., near by; nearly, almost.
prōpēnsus, a, um, adj., hanging down; inclined, disposed, prone.
propior, us [prope], comp. adj., nearer; sup. proximus, nearest, next; latest, last; next, following.
proprius, a, um, adj., not common with others, own, special, individual.
propter, prep. with acc., on account of.
proptereā [propter + is], adv., for this reason, therefore; proptereā quod, because.
prōpūgnātor, ōris [prōpūgnō, to defend], m., a defender.
prōscrībō, see scrībō.
prōscrīptiō, ōnis [prōscrībō], f., a public notice of sale, proscription.
prōsequor, see sequor.
prōsper and prōsperus, a, um [prō + spēs], adj., according to one’s hopes, favorable, prosperous.
prōsperē [prōsperus], adv., propitiously, successfully.
prōstituō, see *statuō.
prōsum, see sum.
prōtrahō, see trahō.
prōvidē [prōvideō, to provide, foresee], adv., carefully, prudently (very rare).
prōvincia, ae, f., an office, duty; province.
prōvinciālis, e [prōvincia], adj., of a province, provincial; as subst., prōvinciālis, is, m., a provincial.
prōvīsiō, ōnis [prōvideō, to foresee], f., a foreseeing, foreknowledge; foresight, providence.
prōvocō, see vocō.
proximus, see propior.
prūdentia, ae [prūdēns, foreseeing], f., foresight, practical wisdom, good sense.
prūna, ae, f., a burning coal, live coal.
Prūsiās, ae, m., king of Bithynia 228-180 B.C.
Pseudopersēs, eī, m., a pretended son of Perseus.
Pseudophilippus, ī, m., a pretended son of Philip, king of Macedonia.
Ptolemaeus, ī, m., a name borne by the kings of Egypt after the time of Alexander the Great. 1. Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, 285-247 B.C. 2. Ptolemaeus Euergetēs, 247-222 B.C. 3. Ptolemaeus Philometor, 181-146 B.C. 4. Ptolemaeus Aulētēs, 47-43 B.C.
Ptolemāïs, is, f., a city in Libya.
pūblicē [pūblicus], adv., in the name of (by order of) the state, publicly, officially.
pūblicus, a, um [orig. poplicus], adj., belonging to the people, public; official.
Pūblicola, ae, m., L. (P.) Valerius Pūblicola, consul 509 B.C.
pudīcitia, ae [pudīcus], f., modesty, virtue.
pudīcus, a, um [pudeō, to be ashamed], adj., modest, virtuous.
puer, puerī, m., a child; boy; slave.
pūgna, ae, f., a combat, fight, battle.
pūgnātor, ōris, m., a fighter, combatant.
pūgnō, ārē, āvī, ātus [pūgna], to fight; oppose, resist. ex—expūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus, to take by storm, capture; overpower, prevail upon. ob—oppūgnō, āre, āvī, ātus, to fight against, assault, besiege.
Pulcher, chrī, m., P. Claudius Pulcher, consul 249 B.C.
Pullus, ī, m., L. Iūnius Pullus, consul 249 B.C.
Pulvillus, ī, m., (M.) Horātius Pulvillus, consul 500 B.C.
Pūnicus, a, um, adj., Phoenician, Punic; Carthaginian; Pūnicum bellum, Punic war, first, 264-241 B.C.; second, 218-202 B.C.; third, 149-146 B.C.
pūniō, īre, īvī, ītus [poena], to punish.
Pupiēnus, ī, m. (M. Clōdius) Pupiēnus (Māximus), Roman emperor 238 A.D.
pūrgō, āre, āvī, ātus [pūrus + agō], to make clear; clear away, excuse.
purpura, ae, f., purple-color, purple, purple garment.
purpureus, a, um [purpura], adj., purple-colored; clothed in purple.
purpurō, āre, āvī, ātus [purpura], to be clothed in purple.
putō, āre, āvī, ātus, to think, consider, suppose.
Pylaemēnēs, is, m., king of Paphlagonia.
Pȳrēnaeus, a, um, adj. (sc. mōns), the Pyrenees mountains.
Pyrrhus, ī, m., king of Epirus, waged war against Rome 281-272 B.C.